Responding to cyberattacks: Prospects for the EU Cyber Diplomacy Toolbox. EPC Discussion paper, 18 March 2019

Ivan, Paul (2019) Responding to cyberattacks: Prospects for the EU Cyber Diplomacy Toolbox. EPC Discussion paper, 18 March 2019. [Discussion Paper]

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Abstract

Malicious cyber activities have become a growing threat, a fact that has become more visible in recent years through several massive cyberattacks. While the European Union (EU) has been active in the field of cybersecurity for a number of years, it has not yet put in place diplomatic tools to respond to cyberattacks, nor has it attributed cyberattacks. However, EU member states have made progress in the development of a cyber diplomacy toolbox containing a number of measures, from preventive ones to the use of sanctions. This work needs to be finalised, so that the Union’s toolbox can become operational and used when needed.

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