2024-03-29T15:38:07Zhttp://aei.pitt.edu/cgi/oai2
oai:aei.pitt.edu:144
2013-11-03T02:20:57Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303031
7375626A656374733D46:46303133
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74797065733D626F6F6B
Empire's New Clothes: Unveiling EU-Enlargement
Böröcz, József
Kovács, Melinda
Engel-Di Mauro, Salvatore
Sher, Anna
Dancsi, Katalin
Kabachnik, Peter
civil society
Agenda 2000
EU-Central and Eastern Europe
EU-South-Eastern Europe (Balkans)
enlargement
European Commission
European Council
NATO
Austria
Estonia
France
Germany
Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
This is an edited volume, published in 2001, containing texts addressing the 'eastern enlargement' of the EU with the conceptual tools of postcolonial studies. Most of the papers analyze discursive practices of exclusion as they appear in official documents issued by various EU organs, speeches by the EU's key politicians and the program of an extreme-right party, currently in the government of an EU-member state. Table of Contents: Introduction: Empire and coloniality in the "Eastern Enlargement" of the European Union, by József Böröcz; The Fox and the Raven: the European Union and Hungary renegotiate the margins of Europe, by József Böröcz; The enduring national-state: NATO-EU relations, EU-enlargement and the reapportionment of the Balkans, by Salvatore Engel-diMauro; Shedding light on the quantitative other: The EU's discourse in the Commission Opinions of 1997, by Melinda Kovács and Peter Kabachnik; Putting down and putting off: the EU's discursive strategies in the 1998 and 1999 follow-up Reports, by Melinda Kovács; A Di-vision of Europe: The European Union enlarged, by Anna Sher; The Austrian Freedom Party's Colonial Discourse in the context of EU-Enlargement, by Katalin Dancsi.
Central Europe Review e-books
Böröcz, József
Kovács, Melinda
2001-12
Book
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/144/1/Empire.pdf
Böröcz, József and Kovács, Melinda and Engel-Di Mauro, Salvatore and Sher, Anna and Dancsi, Katalin and Kabachnik, Peter (2001) Empire's New Clothes: Unveiling EU-Enlargement. Central Europe Review e-books.
http://aei.pitt.edu/144/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:184
2011-02-15T22:14:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
74797065733D64697363757373696F6E7061706572
Französische Europapolitik und öffentliche Debatte in Frankreich = French European Policy and the Public Debate in France. ZEI Discussion Papers: 2000, C 62
Goulard, Sylvie
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
France
[From the Introduction]. Es gibt im wesentlichem drei Strömungen quer durch alle politischen Parteien: die begeisterten Befürworter Europas, die radikalen Gegner und die zahlenmäßig größte Gruppe, die zwar die weitere Vertiefung der EU anstrebt, wo sich aber eine Reihe von divergierenden Meinungen - oder auf französisch sensibilités - ausmachen lassen. a) Die Befürworter einer wirklich integrierten Union in der Form eines Bundestaates wagen sich les Européens de coeur zu bezeichnen und sind vor allen Dingen in der UDF-Liste von François Bayrou zu fnden. Für Jean-Louis Bourlanges, Mitglied des Europäischen Parlaments (EP), ist die UDF sogar "das Über-Ich" Europas in Frankreich. Was schlägt die UDF vor? Eine politische - und nicht nur wirtschaftliche - Integration, mit einem Präsidenten, der in direkter Wahl gewählt werden sollte, mit einer Verfassung, die die Rechte und Pflichten der europäischen Bürger verständlich machen würde, mit einem Rat, der nur Mehrheitsentscheidungen treffen sollte, und mit einer starken Kommission, die mit dem Rat vor dem EP verantwortlich wäre.
2000
Discussion Paper
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/184/1/dp_c62_goulard.pdf
Goulard, Sylvie (2000) Französische Europapolitik und öffentliche Debatte in Frankreich = French European Policy and the Public Debate in France. ZEI Discussion Papers: 2000, C 62. [Discussion Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/184/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:204
2019-12-13T18:07:10Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C6166666169727362706561
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:676C6F62616C69736174696F6E676C6F62616C697A6174696F6E
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
74797065733D64697363757373696F6E7061706572
Interkulturelle Kommunikation in der deutsch-französischen Wirtschaftskooperation = Intercultural Communication in French-German Economic Cooperation. ZEI Discussion Papers: 1998, C 90
Urban, Sabine
Meier, Gerhard.
globalisation/globalization
France
Germany
business/private economic activity
[Table of Contents]: Globalisation et société multiculturelle: fin ou reconfiguration des modèles socio-économiques nationaux? L’économie sociale de marché allemand, vs. le Colbertisme français, by Sabine Urban; Die Handhabung der interkulturellen Problematik bei internationalen Mergern am Beispiel der Bildung der European Aerospace, Defence and Space Company (EADS), by Gerhard Meier.
Center for European Integration Studies, University of Bonn
Guérin-Sendelbach, Valérie.
2001
Discussion Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/204/1/dp_c90_sendelbach.pdf
Urban, Sabine and Meier, Gerhard. (2001) Interkulturelle Kommunikation in der deutsch-französischen Wirtschaftskooperation = Intercultural Communication in French-German Economic Cooperation. ZEI Discussion Papers: 1998, C 90. [Discussion Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/204/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:205
2011-02-15T22:14:58Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D46:46303137
74797065733D64697363757373696F6E7061706572
Das Weimarer Dreieck. Die französisch-deutsch-polnischen Beziehungen als Motor der Europäischen Integration = The Weimar Triangle. The French-German-Polish Relationship as the Motor of European Integration. ZEI Discussion Papers: 2000, C 72
Kühnhardt, Ludger
Ménudier, Henri
Reiter, Janusz
France
enlargement
Germany
Poland
[From the Introduction]. L’idée du "Triangle de Weimar" est née de la constatation qu’il était à la fois indispensable et possible d’identifier, à propos du développement ultérieur de l’Europe, des intérêts fondamentaux communs à la France, l’Allemagne et la Pologne. Parallèlement devrait se développer une culture du dialogue qui admette les différentes situations de départ et respecte les finalités, pas toujours convergentes, en matière de politique européenne, sans pour autant diminuer la chance de renforcer les relations francogermano-polonaises comme futur moteur de l’intégration européenne. Entre-temps, un processus dense de consultations et l'amorce d'une véritable culture du dialogue se sont instaurés dans les relations francogermano-polonaises. Ces deux éléments servent la compréhension mutuelle et le développement approfondi de conceptions communes en matière de politique européenne. Les échanges intensifs d’idées à propos des questions stratégiques et fondamentales de sa coopération d'une part, la recherche de projets pragmatiques pertinents pour renforcer efficacement les relations franco-germano-polonaises comme moteur de l’intégration européenne, sans revendiquer un droit d’exclusivité dans les relations avec les autres Etats partenaires de l’Union européenne d'autre part, ont donné corps à cette nouvelle approche.
2000
Discussion Paper
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/205/1/dp_c72_kuehnhardt.pdf
Kühnhardt, Ludger and Ménudier, Henri and Reiter, Janusz (2000) Das Weimarer Dreieck. Die französisch-deutsch-polnischen Beziehungen als Motor der Europäischen Integration = The Weimar Triangle. The French-German-Polish Relationship as the Motor of European Integration. ZEI Discussion Papers: 2000, C 72. [Discussion Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/205/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:295
2011-02-15T23:43:27Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:313
2019-12-13T18:05:47Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303136
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303035
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
74797065733D64697363757373696F6E7061706572
Deutschland und Europa. Positionen, Perzeptionen, Perspektiven = Germany and Europe. Positions, Perceptions, Perspectives. ZEI Discussion Papers: 1999, C 32
Hrbek, Rudolf
Picaper, Jean-Paul
Mansala, Arto
Finland
European Council-Presidency
France
Germany
[Table of Contents]: Die Europäische Union und die Rolle Deutschlands, by Rudolf Hrbek; Frankreich, Deutschland und die EU-Präsidentschaft, by Jean-Paul Picaper; Finnland, Deutschland und der EU-Vorsitz, by Arto Mansala.
Center for European Integration Studies, University of Bonn
1999
Discussion Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/313/1/dp_c32_hrbek.pdf
Hrbek, Rudolf and Picaper, Jean-Paul and Mansala, Arto (1999) Deutschland und Europa. Positionen, Perzeptionen, Perspektiven = Germany and Europe. Positions, Perceptions, Perspectives. ZEI Discussion Papers: 1999, C 32. [Discussion Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/313/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:452
2011-02-15T23:43:32Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:581
2011-02-15T23:43:58Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:622
2011-02-15T22:15:58Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:656661454D55454D536575726F
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303034
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303038
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
On the origins of the Franco-German EMU controversies. NBB Working Paper Nr. 34
Maes, Ivo
Maastricht Treaty
France
Germany
EMU/EMS/euro
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
founding Treaties
EMU is, to a large extent, the result of a process of Franco-German reconciliation and understanding. However, in the postwar period, there were significant differences in ideas and economic policy-making in Germany and France. France was dominated by the "tradition républicaine", giving a central role to the state in economic life. In Germany, the federal structure of the state went together with the social market economy. In this paper an analysis is presented of these differences in thought and economic policy-making, how they evolved through time, and how they contributed to shaping the nature and form of the European Union. The focus is on the Rome Treaties, the Werner Report and the Maastricht Treaty process.
2002-10
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/622/1/WP34.pdf
Maes, Ivo (2002) On the origins of the Franco-German EMU controversies. NBB Working Paper Nr. 34. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/622/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:633
2011-02-15T22:16:01Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
74797065733D61727469636C65
"A New Idea of Europe: The Liberal Internationalism of the Nouvelle Revue Française (1919-1925)"
Sick, Klaus-Peter
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
France
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
The paper argues that there is a new form of liberal internationalism developing in France in the years after the First World War. This new liberalism, whilst emphasising economic prosperity, introduces international solidarity as a key concept. It insisted on international interdependence being a result of a division of labour amongst national societies. The article then goes to the new liberal idea of European unity, made up of two distinct dimensions: an economic-sociological and a normative dimension, which were, in turn, the foundations for the project of functionalist institutionalisation on a European level. It finally presents the stance France should hold according to the "new liberal internationalists" in the key problems of foreign policy, especially the problems of financial and economic reparations.
European Political-economy Infrastructure Consortium (EPIC)
Schwarzer, Daniela
Tulmets, Elsa
2003-03
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/633/1/SICK.PDF
Sick, Klaus-Peter (2003) "A New Idea of Europe: The Liberal Internationalism of the Nouvelle Revue Française (1919-1925)". European Political Economy Review, 1 (1). pp. 105-117.
http://aei.pitt.edu/633/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:650
2011-02-15T22:16:04Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303239
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:443030313033394575726F7065616E636974697A656E73686970
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Citizenship of the European Union - Impact of Political Culture on Understanding of the Citizenship in the United Kingdom, France, Germany and the Czech Republic"
Šlosarčík, Ivo
U.K.
European citizenship
France
Czech Republic
Germany
[Introduction]. Object of the paper - European citizenship is rather new phenomenon in European legal order, being introduced by the Maastricht Treaty and modified by Amsterdam Treaty. Albeit not playing extremely important role in lives of European citizens at present, in combination with direct elections to the European Parliament the citizenship of the EU could be a basis for radical shift in understanding of the EU status in the future. This paper will analyze the compatibility of the concept of European citizenship with constitutional and political traditions of the United Kingdom, France and Germany. Further, this paper will try to predict its future position in the Czech Republic and its implementation into the Czech legal and political system.
2000
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/650/1/ICSlosarcik.pdf
Šlosarčík, Ivo (2000) "Citizenship of the European Union - Impact of Political Culture on Understanding of the Citizenship in the United Kingdom, France, Germany and the Czech Republic". In: UNSPECIFIED, Corfu, Greece.
http://aei.pitt.edu/650/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:719
2011-02-15T22:16:06Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:656661454D55454D536575726F
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:6566616D6F6E6574617279706F6C696379
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Exchange Rate Stability and Political Accountability in the European Monetary System. University of Illinois EUC Working Paper, Vol. 1, No. 1
Bernhard, William T.
France
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
monetary policy
EMU/EMS/euro
The European Monetary System (EMS) created a policy standard—exchange rate stability—which domestic constituents could use to evaluate their government’s policy choices. Domestic social coalitions in favor of macroeconomic discipline could punish governments that violated this standard. I test the argument that devaluations within the EMS negatively affect the devaluing government’s approval ratings by using the London School/Hendry approach to model the approval ratings of the French prime minister and president from 1981–1992. The results indicate that devaluations did hurt the government’s approval ratings. I contend that the domestic political cost for violating the focal point of exchange rate stability provided member governments with an additional incentive to pursue disciplined economic policies throughout the 1980s. The incentive to avoid currency devaluations also helped to shape the response to the twin shocks of German monetary unification and the Maastricht Treaty. Since realignment would have damaged their domestic popularity, member governments were unwilling to adjust their parities, leading to the collapse of the EMS.
2002-02
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
text/plain
http://aei.pitt.edu/719/1/WTB.txt
application/msword
http://aei.pitt.edu/719/2/WTB.doc
Bernhard, William T. (2002) Exchange Rate Stability and Political Accountability in the European Monetary System. University of Illinois EUC Working Paper, Vol. 1, No. 1. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/719/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:750
2011-02-15T22:16:13Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C6166666169727362706561
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Importing New Ways of Organising Production and Labour: Lessons from the French Asset Management Industry
Kleiner, Thibaut.
labour/labor
France
business/private economic activity
[From the Introduction]. The present paper uses a particular case study, French asset management industry over the 1984-1999, to provide some necessary conditions for organisational practices coming from one business system to be integrated into another one. The choice of the case study comes from its exemplarity. Financial services are probably the sector where globalization and transformations were the most radical over the last 20 years. Moreover, it is the one sector where European integration is the most advanced. Asset management within financial services is an interesting example, because it is influenced not only from the global trends related to financial markets, but also from national institutional configurations, like the pension system. France is a critical example for investigating change. "Plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose": France is often pictured as a country where reform and change are impossible. Showing an example where this actually happened allows drawing some interesting conclusions about the possibilities of importing new organisation practices. The paper is based on a broader research investigating organizational adaptation in the French asset management industry. The material presented here was drawn from more than 60 interviews conducted mainly in Paris from March to September 1999 with investment professionals that were questioned about the changes in their industry. It also builds upon company documents and newspaper archives. After reviewing the transformation of French asset management industry, the paper will identify a pre-condition for successfully importing new ways of organising from another country.
2000
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/750/1/ICKleiner.pdf
Kleiner, Thibaut. (2000) Importing New Ways of Organising Production and Labour: Lessons from the French Asset Management Industry. In: UNSPECIFIED, Corfu, Greece.
http://aei.pitt.edu/750/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:751
2011-02-15T22:16:13Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C6166666169727362706561
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:676C6F62616C69736174696F6E676C6F62616C697A6174696F6E
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D656D706C6F796D656E74756E656D706C6F796D656E74
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303130
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Co-managed versus management-dominated globalisation – The implications of the globalisation of assembly and production in the German and French automobile industry on industrial relations with particular reference to the cases of Volkswagen and Renault
Speidel, Frederic
globalisation/globalization
France
employment/unemployment
competition policy
Germany
business/private economic activity
[Introduction]. The following essay analyses how the industrial relations actors of the German and French automotive industry, exemplified with particular reference to Volkswagen and Renault, mediate the pressure which has been induced through the increasing globalisation of production structures. The point of departure is the question whether globalisation might lead to institutional and procedural convergence or whether national and company specific modes of mediation, which encourage diverging modes of dealing with globalisation, persist. This question seems justified and plausible against the background of increasingly converging collective agreements on employment and competitiveness in virtually all major European car companies. Taking seriously this tendency of functional convergence the key question of the essay is whether more market-driven regulation modes under the impact of globalisation (e.g. agreements on securing employment and production) have the same implications for the industrial relations at Volkswagen and Renault.
2000
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/751/1/ICSpeidel.pdf
Speidel, Frederic (2000) Co-managed versus management-dominated globalisation – The implications of the globalisation of assembly and production in the German and French automobile industry on industrial relations with particular reference to the cases of Volkswagen and Renault. In: UNSPECIFIED, Corfu, Greece.
http://aei.pitt.edu/751/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:825
2011-02-15T22:16:25Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F7067646D706D
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706767656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303130
74797065733D61727469636C65
Comitology after Amsterdam: A Comparative Analysis of the Delegation of Legislative Powers
Haibach, Georg
U.K.
general
France
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
European Commission
Germany
decision making/policy-making
[From the Introduction]. The purpose of this article is thus to examine whether executive law-making in the EC is fundamentally different from that in France, Germany, the UK (which shall be used as examples of Member States) and the U.S. with regard to the following questions: Is there a principle of separation of powers in EC law? Why is a delegation of powers from the Council to the Commission possible? Are there any limits for such a delegation of powers? What justification is there for the comitology committee structure? Should the European Parliament have more rights in controlling the Commission in its law-making?
1997
Article
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/825/1/scop97_3_1.pdf
Haibach, Georg (1997) Comitology after Amsterdam: A Comparative Analysis of the Delegation of Legislative Powers. EIPASCOPE, 1997 (3). pp. 1-7.
http://aei.pitt.edu/825/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:1476
2011-02-15T22:18:46Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666676F7665726E616E6365
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7375626A656374733D46:46303031
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7375626A656374733D46:46303038
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303031
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D46:46303134
7375626A656374733D46:46303138
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303133
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303131
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303038
7375626A656374733D46:46303233
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7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303130
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7375626A656374733D46:46303032
7375626A656374733D46:46303033
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7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303135
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303033
7375626A656374733D46:46303135
74797065733D626F6F6B
National Parliaments on their Ways to Europe. Losers or Latecomers?
Ireland
Belgium
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
Italy
Denmark
Finland
Amsterdam Treaty
Luxembourg
France
Spain
Netherlands
Germany
European Convention
Sweden
Greece
Nice Treaty
IGC 1996
Portugal
U.K.
IGC 2000
Maastricht Treaty
European Commission
Council of Ministers
European Council
governance: EU & national level
European Parliament
integration theory (see also researching and writing the EU in this section)
Austria
[Table of Contents]. Preface, etc., 15-26; National Parliaments in the European Architecture: From Latecomers' Adaptation Towards Permanent Institutional Change?, by Andreas Maure, 27-76; The Federal Parliament of Belgium: Between Wishes, Rules and Practice, by Claire Vandevivere, 77-98; The Danish Folketing and Its European Affairs Committee: Strong Players in the National Policy Cycle, by Finn Laursen, 99-116; The German Bundestag: From Benevolent 'Weakness' towards Supportive Scrutiny, by Sven Holscheidt, 117-146; The Parliament of Greece: Slow but Constant Moves Toward European Integration?, by Peter Zervakis and Nikos Yannis, 147-172; The Parliament of Finland: A Model Case for Effective Scrutiny?, by Tapio Raunio, 173-198; The Parliament of Spain: Slowly Moving onto the European Direction?, by Felipe Basabe Llorens and Maria Teresa Gonzalez Escudero, 199-222; The French Parliament and the EU: Progressive Assertion and Strategic Investment, by Andrea Szukala and Olivier Rozenberg, 223-250; The Parliament of Ireland: A Passive Adapter Coming in from the Cold, by Brigid Laffan, 251-268; The Parliament of Italy: From Benevolent Observer to Active Player, by Federiga Bindi Calussi and Steffano B. Grassi, 269-300; The Luxemburg Chamber of Deputies: From a Toothless Tiger to a Critical Watchdog?, by Danielle Bossaert, 301-312; The Parliament of Austria: A Large Potential with Little Implications, by Barbara Blumel and Christine Neuhold, 313-336; The Parliament of the Netherlands and the European Union: Early Starter, Slow Mover, by Ben J.S. Hoetjes, 337-358; The Parliament of Portugal: Loyal Scrutiny and Informal Influence, by Ana Fraga, 359-376; The Parliament of Sweden: A Successful Adapter in the European Arena, by Hans Hegeland, 377-394; The Parliament of the United Kingdom: From Supportive Scrutiny to Unleased Control?, by Caitriona A. Carter, 395-424; National Parliaments after Amsterdam: From Slow Adapters to National Players, 425-476; The Reticent Acknowledgement of National Parliaments in the European Treaties: A Documentation, by Astrid Krekelberg, 477-490.
Nomos Verlag
Maurer, Andreas
Wessels, Wolfgang
2001
Book
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/1476/1/National_Parliaments_Losers_or_Latecomers.pdf
Maurer, Andreas and Wessels, Wolfgang, eds. (2001) National Parliaments on their Ways to Europe. Losers or Latecomers? Nomos Verlag, p. 521.
http://aei.pitt.edu/1476/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:1730
2011-02-15T22:19:47Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303439
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Europeanisation and Higher Education
Duclaud-Williams, Roger.
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
Italy
education policy/vocational training
France
[Introduction]. The signatories to the Bologna Declaration of 1999, and those states which have subsequently joined in the Bologna process, have committed themselves to the creation, by 2010, of a European higher education area. Most of the signatory states have subsequently promoted reforms which have been justified as steps taken in this direction. Superficially, at least therefore, some kind of process of Europeanisation is currently transforming previously national systems of higher education. It is the purpose of this paper to suggest that these appearances are misleading. We shall try to show that, in some cases, important reforms are in progress but that the problems which they address and the solutions which they offer are grounded in a national rather than a European analysis. In other cases we shall suggest that proposed reforms are relatively trivial and that therefore the European dimension is almost entirely absent from policy. Italy represents the first of these cases (important changes but problems and solutions which are distinctively national), and France represents the second case (a strong rhetorical commitment to the European objective which in practice requires relatively little policy change). The argument is set out in the five sections of this paper. The first section provides a very brief factual background to the Bologna process. The second section discusses the concept of Europeanisation. We need to be careful not to reject the possibility of genuine Europeanisation merely by defining the process too strictly. The purpose of this section is therefore to suggest as wide a definition of Europeanisation as possible. In this way we can make sure that nothing which might reasonably be considered as Europeanisation is neglected. In the third section of this paper we shall examine the European rationale for the various planks contained within the Bologna process as augmented by subsequent meetings and declarations. The aim here is to show that there is no persuasive European rationale for most of the measures contained within the Bologna process. Clearly, the official statements of policy which are produced at meetings which carry forward the Bologna process, are designed to provide such a European rationale. The official view is that, if a variety of national changes are co-ordinated, a much greater European good can be realised. We shall try to show that, in fact, the real benefits of these reforms, when they are substantial, are going to emerge at the national level and most often for national governments. In the fourth and fifth sections we shall examine the Italian and French cases in order to show that important changes are occurring in Italy but that the problems, and the solutions to them, are Italian and have been produced by Italian governments. By contrast, we shall argue that, in the French case, changes related to the European rhetoric are extremely limited. In addition, we shall try to show that the French government was tempted by the Italian route, namely the possibility of levering important and nationally required changes through resort to a European rationale, but that this attempt was rapidly abandoned in favour of a much more cautious approach.
2004
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/1730/1/DuclaudWiliams.pdf
application/msword
http://aei.pitt.edu/1730/2/Duclaud%2DWiliams_paper.doc
Duclaud-Williams, Roger. (2004) Europeanisation and Higher Education. In: UNSPECIFIED, Sheffield, UK.
http://aei.pitt.edu/1730/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:1846
2020-02-28T14:39:55Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303337
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D45:45303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65666166697363616C706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D46:46303233
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303039
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D656D706C6F796D656E74756E656D706C6F796D656E74
7375626A656374733D46:46303135
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Structural Estimates of Equilibrium Unemployment in Six OECD Economies. ENEPRI Working Paper No. 22, July 2003
Horst, Albert van der.
tax policy
EU-US
OECD
France
Germany
Netherlands
Spain
U.K.
fiscal policy
employment/unemployment
In Europe, neither unemployment rates nor institutions are uniform. In the EMU, countries have coordinated their monetary policy, and fiscal policy might follow. Does convergence in fiscal policy imply that unemployment rates will converge, too, or is diversified fiscal policy desirable? An answer to this question requires insight into the dependence on fiscal policy of the unemployment rate in equilibrium. This study estimates the equilibrium rate of unemployment and shows that it has been affected significantly by taxes and benefits. Uniform fiscal policy would not, however, harmonise the unemployment rates because the impact of policy varies widely across the OECD economies.
2003-07
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/1846/1/ENEPRI_WP22.pdf
Horst, Albert van der. (2003) Structural Estimates of Equilibrium Unemployment in Six OECD Economies. ENEPRI Working Paper No. 22, July 2003. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/1846/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:1879
2011-02-15T22:20:29Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303033
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:696367303033
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
France, Germany and the UK in the Convention: Common interests or pulling in different directions?. EPIN Working Paper No. 7, July 2003
Guerot, Ulrike
Hughes, Kirsty
Lefebvre, Maxime
Egenhoff, Tjark.
France
Germany
European Convention
U.K.
IGC 2003-4
In this paper, we explore in more depth the positions of three of the larger countries during the Convention – France, Germany and the UK (drawing on both published position papers and on off-the-record interviews and unpublished sources). The extent of agreement or disagreement between these three can contribute to an understanding of the wider Convention and the likely IGC dynamics. An analysis of the underlying convergence and divergence in their views on the strategic development of the Union can also cast some light on the future political dynamics of the enlarged EU.
2003-07
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/1879/1/EPIN_WP7.pdf
Guerot, Ulrike and Hughes, Kirsty and Lefebvre, Maxime and Egenhoff, Tjark. (2003) France, Germany and the UK in the Convention: Common interests or pulling in different directions?. EPIN Working Paper No. 7, July 2003. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/1879/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2041
2011-02-15T22:20:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666676F7665726E616E6365
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F7067646D706D
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031727270
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666676F7665726E616E6365:70616666676F7665726E616E63657375626E6174696F6E616C726567696F6E616C2F7465727269746F7269616C
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Multi-level implementation networks: The case of medical devices and patient care"
Altenstetter, Christa.
governance: EU & national level
U.K.
regulations/regulatory policies
France
Germany
subnational/regional/territorial
decision making/policy-making
One objective of this paper is to understand the nature and the role of policy networks and multi-level regulatory decision-making systems in the field of medical devices, their composition and activities in a global context. The emphasis is on reconstructing the basic structure of the actors involved in multi-level regulatory processes rather than a systematic examination of the structure of each network type. This paper grows out of an ongoing cross-national research project entitled “Regulatory Regimes in Transition: The Medical Device Sector and Patient Care.” In 1995, it started out as an exploration of the implementation of regulatory policy specific to medical devices in the European Union, focusing on two levels of rule-making and rule-application and drawing a distinction between the formulation of policy and operations to carry it out: 1) the EU level of rule-making and implementation, and 2) the level of national and sub-national implementation. Through focused case studies of domestic implementation in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, the crossnational comparison has intended to identify similarities and differences in the implementation of European legislation, and shed light on the strengths and weaknesses of their responses at both the policy and levels of implementation from national to local.
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2041/1/001535_1.PDF
Altenstetter, Christa. (2001) "Multi-level implementation networks: The case of medical devices and patient care". In: UNSPECIFIED, Madison, Wisconsin. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2041/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2061
2011-02-15T22:21:02Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D46:46303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D667265656D6F76656D656E74
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The Patten Report and the light at the end of the tunnel: A comparative study of Anglo-Irish and Anglo-French cross-border policing"
Cannon, Mathew.
U.K.
Ireland
free movement/border control
France
The recent publication of the Patten Report has focused attention on efforts to co-ordinate the policing of the Anglo-Irish border. The report calls for increased cross border policing and mentions Anglo-French police cooperation over the Channel Tunnel as a model for co-operative agreements between the Garda Síochána and the Royal Ulster Constabulary. Co-operation between authorities in the North and South of Ireland already exists, however that co-operation is largely informal, and a more institutionalised approach is called for by the Report. The emergence of meso-level policing in both areas plays an important role in understanding the comparative development of trans-national policing. The paper uses Anglo-Irish and Anglo-French police cooperation in order to create a comparative understanding cross-border policing. Using the model proposed by Benyon (1994), an examination of the levels of cross-border co-operation is made. The paper points towards the development of functional ties related to the emergence of meso-level as a key element in the success of Anglo-French co-ordination. Thus, successful co-operation across the Anglo-Irish border requires a more focused approach to co-ordination, which could create strong formal ties. These ties could then form the basis for the split-over into other areas of co-operation between police departments.
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2061/1/001592_1.pdf
Cannon, Mathew. (2001) "The Patten Report and the light at the end of the tunnel: A comparative study of Anglo-Irish and Anglo-French cross-border policing". In: UNSPECIFIED, Madison, Wisconsin. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2061/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2064
2011-02-15T22:21:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E646572706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D696E647573747269616C6C61626F757272656C6174696F6E73
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Workplace gender equality and European Union neo-liberalism
Charet, Linda S.
U.K.
France
industrial/labour relations
general
gender policy/equal opportunity
The issue of the relation between economic and social issues has always been at least implicit in the process of European integration. Lately, particularly with respect to gender equality, the social dimension is becoming increasingly unavoidable as the apparent limits of economic programs and even the supporting legal structures prove inadequate to redress gender inequalities with spill out of the workplace and into the home and private lives of European Union citizens. The dynamic of workplace gender equality necessarily exerts a humanizing and market regulating effect. Focusing on Britain and France, the paper briefly reviews and analyzes the development of equal pay law and changes in pay differentials. The work presented here is preliminary.
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2064/1/001594_1.pdf
Charet, Linda S. (2001) "Workplace gender equality and European Union neo-liberalism. In: UNSPECIFIED, Madison, Wisconsin. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2064/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2079
2011-02-15T22:21:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6C6F626279696E67696E746572657374726570726573656E746174696F6E
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303130
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The access of business associations to the European Commission: French, German, British and EU associations in a multi-level system"
Eising, Rainer.
lobbying/interest representation
U.K.
France
European Commission
Germany
This paper analyses the contact patterns of trade associations with the European Commission. Now why should one pay attention to these contacts? On the one hand, the European Commission is the central executive and administrative agency at the EU level and has a vital role to play in both legislative and executive processes. Its right of initiative grants the Commission a crucial role in the phases of agenda setting and policy formulation. Due to their limited resources, the Commission officials mobilise external expertise to assess technical, economic, political and administrative implications of their proposals. At the same time, the consultation of interest groups constitutes an attempt to build up societal support for policy initiatives. Thus, at the EU level the Commission is arguable at the centre-stage of the attention of interest groups.
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2079/1/002097_1.PDF
Eising, Rainer. (2001) "The access of business associations to the European Commission: French, German, British and EU associations in a multi-level system". In: UNSPECIFIED. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2079/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2088
2011-02-15T22:21:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303031
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666706F6C69746963616C70617274696573
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The freedom party in comparison: Radical right parties in Western Europe"
Givens, Terri E.
France
Germany
political parties
Austria
What is a radical right party? Radical right parties are not new to the political scene. Different parties have come and gone over the last century. What is different about the radical right parties of the 1980s and 1990s is their staying power, and their impact on the mainstream parties. The rise of new parties on the right in the 1980s led to a great deal of controversy over how these parties would be defined. On the other hand, there is little argument regarding their challenge to established party systems in Western Europe. I will argue in this paper that there are many similarities between the radical right parties in France, Germany and Austria. I begin by comparing different authors' definitions of extreme or radical right parties, and develop my own definition of a radical right party. I then describe the radical right parties and their histories in section III. Section IV provides a description of the nationalism that defines radical right parties, and the positions they have taken on immigration, economics, and the mainstream parties. Despite differences in their historical development, the parties I will be describing have taken very similar positions on issues such as immigration and the European Union.
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2088/1/002104.PDF
Givens, Terri E. (2001) "The freedom party in comparison: Radical right parties in Western Europe". In: UNSPECIFIED, Madison, Wisconsin. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2088/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2103
2011-02-15T22:21:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:656661454D55454D536575726F
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D46:46303033
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Negotiating the European economic and monetary union"
Hosli, Madeleine O.
U.K.
Italy
Denmark
France
Germany
EMU/EMS/euro
The European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) began on January 1, 1999. The European Central Bank has been set up in Frankfurt, Germany, and the Euro created. Looking at the intergovernmental negotiations that led to the establishment of the EMU, it is not initially clear, however, which European Union governments actually supported the EMU (and the specificities of its structure, as contained in the Treaty on European Union and its Protocols). With an analysis of a small data set on government preferences as regards the EMU, this paper sheds some light onto the negotiation dynamics. Essentially, the paper finds that the German government, through the negotiations surrounding the EMU, obtained an outcome fairly close to its initial policy preferences. Similarly, bargaining outcomes are found to be close to the references of Italy and of some middle-sized members of the EU. France and the UK were not as successful and had to concede on a number of points, and Denmark's original preferences were quite a distance from the final EMU provisions. These results are explained on the basis of spatial representations and two-level game dynamics.
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2103/1/002117.PDF
Hosli, Madeleine O. (2001) "Negotiating the European economic and monetary union". In: UNSPECIFIED, Madison, Wisconsin. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2103/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2104
2011-02-15T22:21:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:656661454D55454D536575726F
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The French state in the Euro zone: 'Modernization' and legitimizing dirigisme in the 'semi-sovereignty game'"
Howarth, David.
France
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
EMU/EMS/euro
This paper [examines] the discursive structure underpinning and shaping the impact of EMU upon French state structures, policy regimes and policies and French strategic responses to the operation of the EMS and EMU. This discursive structure is shaped principally by a conservative liberalism and a rear-guard interventionism. State reforms and strategic behaviour of French policy makers in the Euro zone reflects the dialectic between these ideologies. The operation of the EMS and the EMU project has provided French governments a justification for "modernizing" reforms and state withdrawal from interventionist strategies sought for other reasons, crucially European competition rules and the impact of globalisation and the comparatively heavy reliance on foreign capital (both public and private sector debt). Participation in the EMS and the EMU projects over the past fifteen years has encouraged financial market liberalization, budget reform, including the reform of the social security budget and the structures controlling this budget, fiscal reform, increasing labour market flexibility, and privatization. Monetary power motives encouraged the French to embrace EMU as a means to share control over monetary policy with the Germans. However, core elements of the EMU project- notably central bank independence-were directly contrary to the French republican tradition. French governments-particularly the current Plural Left government led by Lionel Jospin-have sought to qualify the application of "sound money" policies by advocating developments at the European and domestic levels that correspond to the strong French interventionist tradition and thus improve legitimacy in the eyes of public opinion wary of the modernizing reforms made more necessary by international constraints.
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2104/1/002118.PDF
Howarth, David. (2001) "The French state in the Euro zone: 'Modernization' and legitimizing dirigisme in the 'semi-sovereignty game'". In: UNSPECIFIED, Madison, Wisconsin. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2104/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2106
2011-02-15T22:21:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Europeanization without European Union? French military reforms 1991-1996"
Irondelle, Bastien.
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
France
[T]he Europeanization of the French military is also theoretical. Is there any Europeanization of policy that is actually not within the scope of the European Union? Can one truly talk of Europeanization as regards the defense realm? How can Europeanization be understood and conceptualized in that particular area? In order to sort out both of these puzzles, I will first focus on the concept of Europeanization and on the problems raised by its use in military domain. The second part discusses the thesis of Europeanization in the French military policy and clarifies its mechanisms.
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2106/1/002239_1.PDF
Irondelle, Bastien. (2001) "Europeanization without European Union? French military reforms 1991-1996". In: UNSPECIFIED, Madison, Wisconsin. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2106/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2130
2011-02-15T22:21:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666676F7665726E616E6365
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D45:45303031
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E646572706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D41:41303239
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Framing women's rights and gender policies in Europe: The Council of Europe and the construction of parity"
Lovecy, Jill.
governance: EU & national level
France
integration theory (see also researching and writing the EU in this section)
Council of Europe
gender policy/equal opportunity
This paper explores issues of policy framing in an era of multi-level governance, focusing on what is an underresearched arena at the European level: the Council of Europe. Adopting a primarily historical institutional approach, it investigates the processes through which the politics of presence came to be constructed in terms of "parity-democracy" and women's democratic citizenship rights through the Council of Europe in the late 1980s and 1990s and notes the usages which have subsequently been made of this claim to parity in France and within the governance arena of the EU.
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2130/1/002185_1.PDF
Lovecy, Jill. (2001) "Framing women's rights and gender policies in Europe: The Council of Europe and the construction of parity". In: UNSPECIFIED, Madison, Wisconsin. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2130/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2132
2011-02-15T22:21:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F7067646D706D
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303039
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303436
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Science and public participation in regulating genetically-modified food: French and American experiences"
Lynch, Diahanna
Da Ros, Jérôme.
EU-US
public health policy (including global activities)
France
decision making/policy-making
The paper is divided into two sections. The first section considers the role of science and policy, contrasting it with understandings of participatory policymaking. It suggests resolving the tension between these two modes by turning to regulatory officials. Regulators are often portrayed as empty vessels reflecting the preferences of either scientists or the public, but in fact can possess considerable discretion in resolving tensions. We then suggest a set of ideal types of policymaking. The second section turns to the analysis of our cases. We consider the Citizen Conference and the Commission du Génie Biomoléculaire in France, and the Food and Drug Administration public meetings in the United States. We conclude with some reflections on how well these three cases integrate and moderate expert and public participation.
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2132/1/002186_1.PDF
Lynch, Diahanna and Da Ros, Jérôme. (2001) "Science and public participation in regulating genetically-modified food: French and American experiences". In: UNSPECIFIED, Madison, Wisconsin. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2132/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2145
2011-02-15T22:21:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303031
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65666153696E676C654D61726B6574:65666153696E676C654D61726B65746361706974616C676F6F64737365727669636573
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D46:46303135
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Incomplete integration, disintegration, and national response strategies: The liberalization of service provision in the European Union and national migration policy initiatives"
Menz, Georg.
France
Netherlands
Germany
immigration policy
labour/labor
capital, goods, services, workers
Austria
This paper seeks to examine the shape of EU immigration policy for discernible regularities in a deductive fashion. I argue that the overarching pattern of regulation in immigration policy is congruent with and indeed to some extent part of EU social policy. A vague, broadly inclusive and non-intrusive "safety net" emerges, within which national arrangements can unfold. Though this safety net is often based on individual national initiatives, it is watered down so much that it presents little more than a "lowest common denominator" solution. The empirical case studies from which this regulatory pattern are distilled are firstly the EU driven liberalization of service provision and national response strategies addressing this attempt to foster internal labor migration in Austria, France, the Netherlands, and Germany. Secondly, national initiatives at promoting immigration from third countries are considered, among which are Germany and Austria's programs on seasonal and contract labor (Saisonarbeitskräfte-Werkvertragsarbeitnehmer) and the new programs to invite highly skilled IT professionals on a temporary basis.
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2145/1/002135_1.PDF
Menz, Georg. (2001) "Incomplete integration, disintegration, and national response strategies: The liberalization of service provision in the European Union and national migration policy initiatives". In: UNSPECIFIED, Madison, Wisconsin. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2145/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2160
2011-02-15T22:21:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E646572706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303033
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Europeanizing patriarchy: The EU's Common Agricultural Policy"
Prugl, Elisabeth.
France
Germany
agriculture policy
gender policy/equal opportunity
This paper starts from the presumption that gender politics in European agriculture are part of a larger process of patriarchal rule operating at the level of the European Union. It probes how and why the family farm came to be the unquestioned anchor of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), and how the commitment to the family farm contributes to a European formation of patriarchy. I first provide an overview of the changing social organization of farming in Europe. Second, I probe the meanings that the family farm assumed in national discourses and the rhetorical purposes for which it was deployed. I focus my treatment on debates in the 1950s and 60s in the two countries which have been instrumental in formulating the CAP, namely Germany and France. In a final step, I argue that a confluence of ambiguous meanings in national discourses on family farming made for easy agreement at the international level, which affirming concordance about the legitimacy of patriarchal family farms within an EEC network of elites.
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2160/1/002689_1.pdf
Prugl, Elisabeth. (2001) "Europeanizing patriarchy: The EU's Common Agricultural Policy". In: UNSPECIFIED. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2160/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2167
2011-02-15T22:21:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:676C6F62616C69736174696F6E676C6F62616C697A6174696F6E
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303033
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Farm conflict in France and the Europeanisation of agricultural policy"
Roederer-Rynning, Christilla.
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
globalisation/globalization
France
agriculture policy
The role of institutional arrangements is analyzed through the case of farm protest in France. Whereas farm protest has often been attributed to local and national dynamics, its connections to the EU's Common Agricultural Policy and international trade negotiations have been manifest on several occasions. Simultaneously, protest raises the issue of change and continuity in farm politics in France. Farm politics represents an exception in the pattern of interest intermediation in France. While comparativists have often singled out France as a peculiarly resilient case of interest group pluralism, farm politics is organized along distinctly corporatist features: it is an exception in the exception. The questions arising are thus the following. Does farm protest represent a critique or the popular arm of agricultural corporatism? And to what extent are changes in the role of protest related to dynamics of Europeanisation and/or globalization?
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2167/1/002686.PDF
Roederer-Rynning, Christilla. (2001) "Farm conflict in France and the Europeanisation of agricultural policy". In: UNSPECIFIED, Madison, Wisconsin. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2167/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2179
2011-02-15T22:21:32Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303031
7375626A656374733D46:46303234
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737077656C666172657374617465
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Pension reform in European social insurance countries"
Schludi, Martin.
Italy
France
welfare state
Germany
Sweden
Austria
This paper analyzes national processes of pension reform in various European welfare states. The countries under study (Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden) not only face similar fiscal, demographic and competitive pressures since the early 1990s, but are also characterized by broadly similar pension arrangements. Being from the defined benefit/pay-as-you-go type, mainly financed through wage-based social contributions, pension systems in these countries reveal a high vulnerability to changes in demographic and employment structures. Generally, I argue, that European integration has exerted only marginal influence on national pension policies. Moreover, the impact of European integration does not explain cross-country variance in pension reform outcomes: While we observe substantial similarities in the direction of reform, the degree of policy change varies considerable even among countries with similar pension policy profiles. By the same token, the failure of several pension reforms in European welfare states suggests, that the presence of the EMU convergence criteria and increased economic internationalization was by no means a sufficient condition for the successful implementation of pension reforms. Thus, only a closer inspection of national decision making processes does allow for an explanation of different pension reform outcomes. The political feasibility of a substantial pension reform critically depends on the government's ability to orchestrate a reform consensus either among the major political parties on both sides of the political center or between the government and the trade unions. The capacity of governments to take concerted action in pension reform is again largely a result of the strategic interactions taking place between these actors.
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2179/1/002682_1.pdf
Schludi, Martin. (2001) "Pension reform in European social insurance countries". In: UNSPECIFIED, Madison, Wisconsin. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2179/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2201
2011-02-15T22:21:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:6566616D6F6E6574617279706F6C696379
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Economic volatility, inflation-output trade-off variability and the challenges to social democratic egalitarianism in Europe: Informed speculation and preliminary evidence"
Varghese, Robin.
France
monetary policy
This paper examines a challenge to instituting more egalitarian incomes policies in Europe posed by economic uncertainty and the consequent volatility in economic outcomes, specifically the variance in the profit rate of firms. Rising variance in the profit rate increases costs of equality in the form of foregone proportion of the surplus generated as well as threatening a larger number of firms with bankruptcy. Unlike appeals to specialization resulting from open trade, this explanation centers on dilemmas that can affect firms also at the sector level. Rising variance in firm profit rates, and thus wage dispersion, are tied to shifts in demand management and monetary policy that result in changes in the sacrifice ratio or the output-employment loss for disinflation. The sources of shifts in the sacrifice ratio, in so much as they rest in conservative monetary policy and increased capital mobility, imply different consequences for egalitarianism ... [e]vidence from the recent experience of income distribution and shifts in macroeconomic policy in France suggests [that] increases in the profit variance stemming from changes in macroeconomic policy towards a more conservative stance do negatively affect the degree of equality of wages. It concludes with speculation about the consequences of European monetary policy for the project of equality and the pressures for reform that may be generated by the European Central Banks conservative monetary stance.
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2201/1/002665_1.PDF
Varghese, Robin. (2001) "Economic volatility, inflation-output trade-off variability and the challenges to social democratic egalitarianism in Europe: Informed speculation and preliminary evidence". In: UNSPECIFIED, Madison, Wisconsin. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2201/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2238
2011-02-15T22:21:50Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666707569657075
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666676F7665726E616E6365:70616666676F7665726E616E63657375626E6174696F6E616C726567696F6E616C2F7465727269746F7269616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303038
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303330
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
“Implementing Unity: Economic and Social Cohesion in France and Britain: Two Case Studies”
Carmichael, Laurence.
regional policy/structural funds
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
cohesion policy
France
political union & integration/European Political Union
general
subnational/regional/territorial
U.K.
Territorial implementation of EU policies is a crucial stage of EU policy process. Its examination uncovers two main dimensions of the integration cycle which make the new EU governance: Europeanisation and convergence. Each dimension offers clues as to the nature and limit of integration. This paper presents two case studies in which the above approach is tested. It examines the impact of EU structural policy on two training networks in France and the UK. It evaluates the impact of ESF on politico-administrative structures and defines domestic factors preventing policy harmonisation. The conclusion outlines bottom-up dynamics, the third major dimension of integration, and argues for a development of a more integrated EU approach to training.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2238/1/002646_1.pdf
Carmichael, Laurence. (1999) “Implementing Unity: Economic and Social Cohesion in France and Britain: Two Case Studies”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2238/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2241
2011-02-15T22:21:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:656661454D55454D536575726F
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Dual Hegemony: France, Germany and the Making of Monetary Union in Europe"
Chang, Michele.
France
Germany
EMU/EMS/euro
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
The structure of the paper will be as follows: first, I will review the literature on the German Dominance Hypothesis. Next, I argue that European monetary integration progressed during a period of dual hegemony rather than straight German leadership. I demonstrate this through case studies of seminal events leading up to monetary integration: the inception of the European Monetary System in 1979 and its "maturing" in 1983; the negotiations leading up to the Maastricht Treaty and the 1992-93 currency crisis; and the controversy over the selection of the European Central Bank president.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2241/1/002643_1.pdf
Chang, Michele. (1999) "Dual Hegemony: France, Germany and the Making of Monetary Union in Europe". In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2241/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2244
2011-02-15T22:21:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666706F6C69746963616C70617274696573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
“Europeanisation, Social-democracy and the French Polity: Lessons from the Jospin Government”
Cole, Alistair.
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
France
political parties
The paper addresses themes of continuity, change and adaptation in European policy under the Jospin administration. We begin the paper by situating the Jospin government in relation to the separate legacies of national context, party traditions and policy styles. We then consider the impact of social-democratic political agendas on European policy formulation. We appraise the impact of ‘Europeanisation’ upon internal political processes, and assess how well the French polity is equipped to deal with the new challenges it faces. We conclude that, while prominent features of ‘Europeanisation’ go against the grain of the traditional model of French politics and policies, the Jospin government has embraced Europeanisation as a project of government whose prime objective is to modernise French democracy.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2244/1/002215_1.PDF
Cole, Alistair. (1999) “Europeanisation, Social-democracy and the French Polity: Lessons from the Jospin Government”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2244/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2245
2011-02-15T22:21:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303338
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303132
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303139
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Law and Politics in the European Union: The Europeanization of Market Regulation and Its Discontents"
Conant, Lisa.
U.K.
telecommunication policy
France
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
Germany
energy policy (Including international arena)
European Court of Justice/Court of First Instance
This paper examines the impact of decisions by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) on processes of market liberalization in the European Union (EU). Research on national responses to European legal obligations in the telecommunications and electricity sectors concentrates on France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. I argue that political responses to parallel legal obligations resulted in distinct regulatory outcomes. Traditionally regulated on a national level as public services, telecommunications and electricity markets offered different opportunities and costs. Distinct patterns of political mobilization among concentrated, intensely interested actors encouraged a wide-ranging program of telecommunications liberalization but only a limited competitive regime for electricity.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2245/1/002214_1.PDF
Conant, Lisa. (1999) "Law and Politics in the European Union: The Europeanization of Market Regulation and Its Discontents". In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2245/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2246
2011-02-15T22:21:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:656661454D55454D536575726F
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C6166666169727362706561
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666676F7665726E616E6365:70616666676F7665726E616E63657375626E6174696F6E616C726567696F6E616C2F7465727269746F7269616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303330
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
“Local Interests Confront the Euro: Evidence from France and Italy”
Constantelos, John.
regional policy/structural funds
Italy
France
subnational/regional/territorial
business/private economic activity
EMU/EMS/euro
The lengthy countdown to economic and monetary union (EMU) was a time filled with projections, planning, and politics. Scholars have examined closely the impact of EMU on firms, groups, parties, governments and other political and economic actors. Most of our attention has focused on Brussels and the national capitals, where key decisions are taken. Adjustment to economic integration takes place, however, throughout the EU, and so far we have paid far less attention to politics away from the center. This paper examines the politics of adjustment to EMU by business groups in two regions: Liguria, Italy and Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, France. The central questions of this exploratory study are: what are the political strategies favored by regional associations, and do they engage in political actions that go beyond those customarily expected of sub-national groups? I begin with a brief discussion of the theoretical impact of economic and monetary union. This is followed by an examination of the political responses at the national level to the introduction of the single currency in the two case study countries, France and Italy. The fourth section examines the theoretical basis for a multi-level approach to modeling the political strategies of groups, and describes the research design of this comparative study of regional business responses to EMU. The final three sections describe and analyze the impact and political responses of business to the single currency in Marseilles and Genoa.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2246/1/002213_1.PDF
Constantelos, John. (1999) “Local Interests Confront the Euro: Evidence from France and Italy”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2246/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2262
2011-02-15T22:21:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303139
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
“Moving Targets: Institutional Embeddedness and Domestic Politics in the Liberalization of EU Electricity Markets”
Eising, Rainer
Jabko, Nicolas.
France
competition policy
Germany
energy policy (Including international arena)
After ten years of controversial negotiations, the European Union finally took action to liberalize the electricity supply industry in 1996. Given that the longstanding debate on the organization of electricity supply was brought to an end through bilateral negotiations between France and Germany, the reform has been often presented as a straightforward French-German deal. This paper, however, argues that the French-German intergovernmental deal was only the tip of the iceberg. Perceptions of national interests evolved considerably in both countries. While France turned from initial support of the market opening to a much more defensive posture, Germany moved from skepticism to fervent support of the liberalization. The most important cause for these changes was at the EU, not at the national level. The substance and progress of the negotiations were fundamentally shaped by their embeddedness in the EU institutional context. The institutional context of EU negotiations induced several key domestic political realignments on the part of sectoral and state actors.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2262/1/002351_1.PDF
Eising, Rainer and Jabko, Nicolas. (1999) “Moving Targets: Institutional Embeddedness and Domestic Politics in the Liberalization of EU Electricity Markets”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2262/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2272
2011-02-15T22:22:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
“French-German Relations and the EU at the Century’s End: The Economic Aspects”
Friend, Julius.
France
enlargement
Germany
This examination of French-German economic relations is divided into three parts-the first will be a more or less chronological discussion of major issues or problems as they arose. The second will be a brief discussion of the present state of the two economies, in the light of French pessimism at the time of German unification, and the extrapolation made by some French writers that a Germany increased by one-third would rapidly become not only a third more populous but a third stronger, leaving France in the dust. Thirdly, I will attempt some analysis of the major issues which have in the past and will in the future divide the policies of the two nations.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2272/1/002343_1.PDF
Friend, Julius. (1999) “French-German Relations and the EU at the Century’s End: The Economic Aspects”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2272/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2299
2011-02-15T22:22:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:656661454D55454D536575726F
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:6566616D6F6E6574617279706F6C696379
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
“French Aversion to Independent Monetary Authority and the Development of French Policy on the EMU Project”
Howarth, David.
monetary policy
France
EMU/EMS/euro
The Jospin Government’s demands to create a stronger political control over European monetary policy reflect a deeper concern in French political and administrative circles of the problematic political and economic nature of central bank independence. French opposition to central bank independence is rooted in four factors: the republican tradition; the perception of the appropriate link between monetary and economic policy; the belief that low inflationary policies do not require independent central banks; and the institutional power concerns of the French Treasury. This opposition shaped French positions on the details of the EMU project, the intergovernmental negotiations and their outcome. An appreciation of this opposition is thus necessary to understand the nature of French motives and the process leading to EMU. It also demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of the leading explanations for French support for EMU and, more generally, the process leading to monetary integration.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2299/1/002337_1.PDF
Howarth, David. (1999) “French Aversion to Independent Monetary Authority and the Development of French Policy on the EMU Project”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2299/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2326
2011-02-15T22:22:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Constructing Europe? The Evolution of French, British, and German Nation-State Identities"
Marcussen, Martin
Risse, Thomas.
Engelmann-Martin, Daniela
Knopf, Hans Joachim
Roscher, Klaus.
U.K.
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
France
Germany
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
This essay investigates the impact of deep-rooted identity constructions relating to "Europe" and of ideas about European political order on the way in which political elites in France, Great Britain, and Germany have constructed nation-state identities since the 1950s. We seek to understand why two dramatic shifts in French nation-state identity occurred-one with the emergence of the Fifth Republic under President de Galle in the late 1950s and early 1960s, the other during the 1980s and 1990s when political elites increasingly incorporated "Europe" in the nation-state identity of the Fifth Republic; why (West) German political elites have shared a consensual and thoroughly Europeanized version of German nation-state identity since the end of the 1950s as a way of overcoming the country’s own past; [and] why the English nation-state identity which continues to dominate the British political discourse of Europe has remained virtually the same since the 1950s and why Europe still constitutes the, albeit friendly, 'other.'
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2326/1/002594_1.pdf
Marcussen, Martin and Risse, Thomas. and Engelmann-Martin, Daniela and Knopf, Hans Joachim and Roscher, Klaus. (1999) "Constructing Europe? The Evolution of French, British, and German Nation-State Identities". In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2326/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2327
2011-02-15T22:22:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303234
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:656661454D55454D536575726F
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
“The Power of EMU-Ideas: Reforming Central Banks in Great Britain, France, and Sweden”
Marcussen, Martin.
U.K.
France
EMU/EMS/euro
Sweden
This paper attempts to explain central bank reform in Great Britain, France, and Sweden with a reference to “the power of ideas.” It is argued that European macro-economic elites feel that they belong to an international macro-economic community and that they share a common belief system based on the “sound policy” concept. The international macro-economic community provides them with a sense of belonging which they will aspire to maintain through “appropriate” policy discourse and action. If there is a perceived misfit between the ideas on which the European macro-economic organizational field is built and a particular set of domestic structures, macro-economic elites will, as a result of this search for continued international legitimacy, aspire to undertake domestic reforms where and when it was not otherwise expected. However, national macro-economic elites also have a legitimacy game to play at the national level. Through their domestic policy discourse they will have to construct a fit between the domestic institutional context and a set of EMU ideas. The timing of domestic reforms based on EMU ideas, therefore, depends on whether the domestic institutional context is facilitating or constraining such an undertaking.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2327/1/002595_1.pdf
Marcussen, Martin. (1999) “The Power of EMU-Ideas: Reforming Central Banks in Great Britain, France, and Sweden”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2327/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2333
2011-02-15T22:22:18Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
“Constructing Europe: Identity and Interests in France and Germany, 1989-99”
Mazzucelli, Colette.
France
Germany
general
The line of inquiry taken in this paper is to apply the concept of “project identity” to assess its relevance to the social construction of Europe. In Castell’s terminology, “project identity” occurs “....when social actors, on the basis of whichever cultural materials are available to them, build a new identity that redefines their position in society and, by so doing, seek the transformation of overall social structure.” This process of constructing project identity relates to Alain Touraine’s discussion of “subjects,” a term that defines the “collective social actor through which individuals reach holistic meaning in their experience.” In this case, constructing identity may be a project which is expansive, transforming society as the prolongation of the project. The construction of identities is a matter of social context. Identity politics “must be situated historically.” Thus, this paper focuses on project identity to explore this concept in a specific context: its interaction with interests defined by France and Germany to construct Europe via significant decisions taken during the last decade.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2333/1/002591_1.PDF
Mazzucelli, Colette. (1999) “Constructing Europe: Identity and Interests in France and Germany, 1989-99”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2333/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2336
2011-02-15T22:22:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
7375626A656374733D41:41303239
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D756E696F6E73
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
“The Limits of Integration: An Analysis of French Political and Labor Union Leadership Views on the EU”
Menendez-Alarcon, Antonio V.
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
France
integration theory (see also researching and writing the EU in this section)
unions
This paper attempts to describe and explain the factors and perceptions that contribute to support or reject European integration as well as the meaning political and labor union leaders attach to the idea of the European integration--including the interpretation of organizational preferences for the European Union in terms of intergovernmental or supranational perspectives. I am testing in this context the theory proposed by Smith (1991) on the role of the structure of opportunities and the constraints resulting from the process of European integration on the reproduction of national identity and the attachment to the state. The study analyzes the discourse on the nation-state and the European Union offered by the political, and labor union elite. I will give greater heed to the analysis of those perceptions that reflect discontent with the EU.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2336/1/002325_1.PDF
Menendez-Alarcon, Antonio V. (1999) “The Limits of Integration: An Analysis of French Political and Labor Union Leadership Views on the EU”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2336/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2360
2011-02-15T22:22:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6D656469616D65646961
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
“French Media Cultural Policy and European Integration: From National to European?”
Papoutsaki, Evangelia.
media
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
culture policy
France
It is not surprising that a conference on Europe takes place in America. Five hundred years after the Europeans discovered and began to form a “new world” in America, they set out to re-discover their “old world” at home. Will the European Union develop into a ever closer union or even a United States of Europe? Will it transform or even overcome the traditional nation-state? Only the future will provide definite answers. Nevertheless, certain trends of further development can be inferred from the present and past state of the Union. This paper focuses on a limited but critical aspects of European development that may be called the cultural dimension and in particular, the role of the media in the European integration. The aim is to follow the evolution of cultural and media policy in the EU through a combination of conceptual and policy analysis and its participation to the construction of a European identity. France serves as case study, an example of the national vs. the European.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2360/1/002916_1.PDF
Papoutsaki, Evangelia. (1999) “French Media Cultural Policy and European Integration: From National to European?”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2360/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2374
2011-02-15T22:22:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
“Transforming the State or Diluting the Nation? Ideas, Interests, and French Discourse on European Integration”
Roscher, Klaus.
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
France
Europeanization presents a major challenge to the traditional model of nation-state. One strategy of inquiry would be to ask whether at all or how much transformation has actually occurred. I will rather concentrate on the perception of political actors of these transformations. The study of ideas examines how policy orientations are constructed and mediated or ultimately turned into decisions. In political discourse, fundamental concepts about the nation-state are brought into accordance with the idea and effects of Europeanization. This cultural process of adaptation enables political elites to pursue their goal of European integration and provides a means of legitimization of domestic change. Now it seems that a point is reached at which some argue for further adaptations, whereas others warn against it because this would destroy the nation-state. How do they refer in discourse to these changes, what are the arguments used by both sides, and how can the positions be explained? To the latter question, usually an interest-driven account is presented. I claim that both interest and idea approaches are not mutually exclusive but can be combined. This paper will therefore start by proposing a framework of analysis that integrates both accounts, followed by a short introduction to the political discourse. I will then go on by applying an idea, and an interest driven account to my case, in turn. Finally, some concluding remarks plead for the value-added of a combined approach to the study of political discourse.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2374/1/002535_1.pdf
Roscher, Klaus. (1999) “Transforming the State or Diluting the Nation? Ideas, Interests, and French Discourse on European Integration”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2374/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2389
2011-02-15T22:22:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303033
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666676F7665726E616E6365:70616666676F7665726E616E63657375626E6174696F6E616C726567696F6E616C2F7465727269746F7269616C
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
“Beyond ‘Connections in Brussels’: The Multi-Level Representation of Agriculture in Two French Regions”
Smith, Andy.
France
agriculture policy
subnational/regional/territorial
Given the conclusions reached in both these fields of study, the challenge for research in political science can no longer simply be to show that regions or sectors are important parts of the “domestic politics” input into European integration. Instead, its goal must now be to try to explain how different sets of actors within regions and sectors have simultaneously come to integrate the effects of European integration into their own practices and, in so doing, participated directly or by default in shaping this very dynamic. Put bluntly, two questions need to be addressed: why do certain sets of regional or sectoral actors “fit” more comfortably than others into a European-wide polity? what are the normative and analytical consequences of this variable geometry?
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2389/1/002526_1.pdf
Smith, Andy. (1999) “Beyond ‘Connections in Brussels’: The Multi-Level Representation of Agriculture in Two French Regions”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2389/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2391
2011-02-15T22:22:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C6166666169727362706561
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303130
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
“In Pursuit of Selective Liberalization: The Impact of European Integration on State Capacities”
Smith, Mitchell P.
France
competition policy
Germany
business/private economic activity
The essay first presents two cases in which the privileged interaction between member state executives and European Commission officials generated information asymmetries that ultimately “strengthened” the capacities of members of national executives to promote liberalization selectively. But the essay also examines two more recent cases, in which, by contrast, private sector businesses in France and Germany have discovered opportunities to challenge longstanding privileges of public sector enterprises-the postal service in France and Germany’s system of state banks, or Landesbanken. The evidence demonstrates that when governments choose economic liberalization, they cannot necessarily control the process that follows. Where European Community institutions possess substantial autonomous policy capacities, actors constrained in the domestic political arena are faced with enhanced opportunities for interest realization through European Union institutions, and the rewards of interest articulation at the European level accrue privately to those who take action, governments are constrained in their pursuit of selective economic liberalization.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2391/1/002525_1.pdf
Smith, Mitchell P. (1999) “In Pursuit of Selective Liberalization: The Impact of European Integration on State Capacities”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2391/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2430
2011-02-15T22:22:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
“National Images in French Discourses on Europe”
Zolner, Mette.
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
France
On the basis of the reading of French political debates in Spring 1999 (ratification of the Amsterdam Treaty and the European election), this paper presents the first outcomes of an analysis that illustrates how existing national myths shape political discourses on Europe in France. Striving at reaching beyond a simple opposition between Euro-sceptics and pro-Europeans, the paper argues that underneath the predominant and apparently consensual pro-European discourse one can observe differing conceptions of the nation and the Republic which cross-cut the traditional Left-Right cleavage. To understand these differences one needs to take into account traditional French myths of the nation as well as of the Republic.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2430/1/002882_1.PDF
Zolner, Mette. (1999) “National Images in French Discourses on Europe”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2430/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2551
2011-02-15T22:22:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303039
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"'Migrants as a threat': A comparative analysis of securitarian rhetoric in the European Union (France) and the United States (California)"
Ceyhan, Ayse.
France
immigration policy
EU-US
Since the early 1990s there has been a striking rhetorical similarity vis-à-vis immigration between the EU countries--especially France--and the U.S. It can be stressed in a comparative analysis of Pasqua and Debré Laws with California Proposition 187 and the new immigration law adopted in 1996. Analysis of these texts and the discourses produced by the security agencies and politicians reveal that immigration is more likely to be constructed related to border crossing, illegal immigration, crime, drug trafficking, terrorism, incivilities, urban violence and ethnicity are linked to each other. According to this construction, immigration threatens not only the state security but also the societal (identitarian) security. Among the rhetorical arguments there is a growing focus on cultural and identitarian ones. Nevertheless, the referent objects of the discourses are both state security and societal security. These two are more likely to be interpenetrated than separated. Furthermore, the new form of control implied by the new legislation adopted in both countries confirms this link: a bifocal control focused at the same time on the border and on the interior (especially via welfare controls).
1997
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2551/1/002850_1.PDF
Ceyhan, Ayse. (1997) "'Migrants as a threat': A comparative analysis of securitarian rhetoric in the European Union (France) and the United States (California)". In: UNSPECIFIED, Seattle, WA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2551/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2558
2011-02-15T22:22:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C6166666169727362706561
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6C6F626279696E67696E746572657374726570726573656E746174696F6E
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D667265656D6F76656D656E74
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303330
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Business, politics and the single market: Adjustment strategies in the regions"
Constantelos, John.
regional policy/structural funds
free movement/border control
Italy
France
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
lobbying/interest representation
business/private economic activity
The primary research question is whether these actors pursue multi-level lobbying strategies. A quantitative analysis of this research question generated statistically significant findings in support of the multi-level lobbying model (Constantelos 1996b). The approach in the present paper is to examine in greater qualitative depth the political strategies of economic actors undergoing the process of economic structural adjustment. Because groups face resource constraints we will want to pay particular attention to which governmental levels are favored by organized interests and how groups allocate their relatively scarce resources. The comparative case study is conducted in the border regions of Liguria, Italy and Provence-Alpes-CÙte díAzur (PACA), France. Liguria and PACA are remarkably similar in their economic structure (Statistical Office of the EC 1993). Their economies have centered around their ports, heavy industry, and tourism, and they continue to be important commercial centers. Both regions qualify for EU Objective Two structural funds, for "converting regions affected by industrial decline." They also display numerous other economic, social, and cultural similarities. This choice of case study regions provides several advantages when analyzing the factors which influence lobbying targets; such an analysis has been presented elsewhere.
1997
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2558/1/002843_1.PDF
Constantelos, John. (1997) "Business, politics and the single market: Adjustment strategies in the regions". In: UNSPECIFIED, Seattle, WA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2558/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2578
2011-02-15T22:23:03Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:443030313033394575726F7065616E636974697A656E73686970
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Reconfiguring citizenship in Europe"
Feldblum, Miriam.
European citizenship
France
Germany
The proliferation of membership reforms, changing incorporation policies, and European Union citizenship are some of the indicators which point to substantive transformations in citizenship in Europe. I argue in the paper that national citizenship is, in fact, being reconfigured, in two distinct directions: the first in what has been called "postnational" membership; and the second, in what is called here "neonational" membership. I suggest that postnational and neonational trends have given rise to outcomes that appear convergent but in actuality feature divergent strategies which have contributed to its emergence. In the contemporary developments, a wide array of "actors" including national governments, political parties, immigrant associations, transnational movements, and European Union entities, have pursued different actions and ways of ordering and organizing membership. These ways and actions are called here citizenship strategies. Three instances of apparent convergent outcomes are examined: nationality reform and incorporation policy, with a focus on the French and German cases, and the establishment and ongoing revision of EU citizenship.
1997
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2578/1/003778.1.pdf
Feldblum, Miriam. (1997) "Reconfiguring citizenship in Europe". In: UNSPECIFIED, Seattle, Washington. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2578/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2602
2011-02-15T22:23:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:443030313033394575726F7065616E636974697A656E73686970
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"'A European dilemma’: The myth and reality of citizenship in Northwestern Europe"
Gray, Victor.
France
Germany
U.K.
European citizenship
The purpose of this essay is to examine the changing nature of citizenship in Northwestern Europe, specifically in Britain, France, and Germany, the three most important countries in the area; the causes and consequences of the changes; and the degree to which the changed reality corresponds to theory about citizenship in liberal democratic welfare states. It is a study of a Europe that, since World War II, has gone from homogeneity to heterogeneity--without planning or preparation; i.e., without adequate or even coherent policies with regard to immigration and naturalization. It posits two hypotheses, one growing out of this absence of a coherent, consistent policy and the other out of the increasing tenuousness of the traditional nation-state. First, essentially open borders and lack of clear-cut, equally open naturalization procedures have resulted in a large, permanently resident "foreign" population consisting of people who are not full-fledged members of the states and societies in which they find themselves. In the absence of action by the host governments, the risk arises that they may become permanently "foreign," creating, in turn, still further confusion about the role of the nation-state and the meaning, value of citizenship therein. The second hypothesis is that the strongest determinant of such governmental action is not self interest defined in economic terms, but rather the degree of identity security of host country citizens measured in sociocultural terms.
1997
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2602/1/002821_1.PDF
Gray, Victor. (1997) "'A European dilemma’: The myth and reality of citizenship in Northwestern Europe". In: UNSPECIFIED, Seattle, WA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2602/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2604
2011-02-15T22:23:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666676F7665726E616E6365
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The common pool problem in European Parliaments: The interrelationship of electoral and legislative institutions"
Hallerberg, Mark.
governance: EU & national level
U.K.
Italy
France
The Treaty of Maastricht established debt and deficit limits which states should meet if they are to participate in a future monetary union. This paper considers the relationship between electoral and legislative institutions on the one hand, and the size of a given European country's budget deficit on the other. Plurality electoral systems have a "winner-take-all" rule where only the top vote-getter in each district wins a seat in Parliament. One way incumbent legislators can appeal for support is to bring home particularistic benefits, such as public works projects. Since her district pays only a small portion of the central government's tax revenues, however, she will ask for more spending when the central government pays for them when they have to be paid for with local taxes. In states with proportional representation, on the other hand, candidates do not have the same incentive to offer particularistic benefits to their electorates. Parliamentary rules which restrict or eliminate the ability of legislators to amend budgetary bills will consequently have the greatest effect in limiting spending in states with single member districts. One of the most effective restrictions is that legislators can only approve or disapprove the entire budget under a "closed rule." Such rules give the government near or complete agenda-setting power. Legislators cannot attach extra spending in their districts. This theoretical point stands in contrast to authors who would predict that a move to single member districts alone in a country like Italy would lead directly to lower budget deficits. I will argue that simple change in the electoral system could lead to higher deficits if legislators are not prevented from providing particularistic benefits to their districts. Similarly restrictive parliamentary rules found in France and the United Kingdom are needed in Italy, for instance, if spending is to be limited at the legislative stage.
1997
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2604/1/002819_1.PDF
Hallerberg, Mark. (1997) "The common pool problem in European Parliaments: The interrelationship of electoral and legislative institutions". In: UNSPECIFIED, Seattle, WA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2604/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2636
2011-02-15T22:23:18Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"From nation-building to the construction of Europe: The lessons and limitations of the French example"
Jenkins, Brian.
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
France
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
Since the Revolution, French national identity has been shaped by political conflict, by the claims of rival movements/ideologies and successive regimes to embody the true interests of the nation. The State has therefore been the primary focus for the development of national identity, serving both as an agent for the construction of national consciousness and as a target for the 'counter-nationalism' of popular movements. This paper argues that since the 1960s the dwindling efficacy and credibility of nationalism(s) as a political programme has led to a growing separation between state and nation, and a consequent crisis of national identity. In this context, the populist and racist nationalism of the Front national may be seen as a form of resistance to the effects of economic globalisation, supranationalism and the declining status and autonomy of the French State. The paper also argues that in this difficult transition period involving the progressive decline of the nation-state as a political agency, the theme of citizenship will be crucial in the struggle against exclusivist ethnic nationalism. Central to the more open and voluntarist traditions of French civic nationalism, the concept of citizenship now needs to be separated from its historic associations with the centralising, assimilationist nation-state and adapted to other levels of representation (both sub- and supranational). In this context, the French model of nation-building offers both positive and negative lessons for those seeking to develop a sense of European identity.
1997
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2636/1/002563_1.PDF
Jenkins, Brian. (1997) "From nation-building to the construction of Europe: The lessons and limitations of the French example". In: UNSPECIFIED, Seattle, WA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2636/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2641
2011-02-15T22:23:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F7067646D706D
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303230
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303033
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D46:46303033
7375626A656374733D46:46303135
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Agenda-setting and greening of the CAP"
Just, Fleming.
U.K.
Denmark
France
Netherlands
Germany
agriculture policy
decision making/policy-making
environmental policy (including international arena)
The paper is a pre-study to a broader project on agenda-setting and policy-making as regards agri-environment in EU and five member states. The main hypotheses are that: 1) traditional agricultural agenda setting and policy-making takes place in a rather closed segment characterised by a fixed institutional set-up both in member states and at EU level, despite the many differences otherwise between national and EU policy-making; 2) that environmental agenda setting and policy-making is characterised by a much weaker segmentation and firm institutional set-up and that this will vary depending upon which environmental issue is on the agenda. It is claimed that this is the situation both in member states and at EU level; 3) that agri-environmental questions--together with other new issues like animal welfare and health--will contribute to erode the traditionally strong agricultural policy segment. Both in member states and at EU-level, agri-environmental issues are usually decided upon in the ministries of agriculture and at DG VI (agriculture) respectively. The new issues are in many cases put forward with so much vigour by environmentalists, experts--and some member states in the case of EU--that the old segments have been forced to open for new agendas, new lobby groups and new institutions if the ministries and DG VI want to keep the new issues within their authority. The paper leaves it as an open question if the policy network model will be the most appropriate theoretical point of departure when looking at the EU level. As long as the agri-environmental question is relatively new, it seems that the ‘garbage can model’ best captures the vivid reality.
1997
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2641/1/002799.PDF
Just, Fleming. (1997) "Agenda-setting and greening of the CAP". In: UNSPECIFIED, Seattle, WA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2641/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2655
2011-02-15T22:23:23Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D45:45303031
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303039
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D46:46303135
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The devolution of immigration regimes in Europe"
Lahav, Gallya
Guiraudon, Virginie.
EU-US
immigration policy
Council of Europe
France
Netherlands
Germany
The ability of European nation-states to control migration and regulate the entry and stay of migrant workers, family members, asylum-seekers and undocumented aliens have been at the forefront of the immigration debate. Some scholars have argued that international human rights and the freedom of circulation required by a global economy and regional markets are the two sides of a liberal regime that undermine the sovereignty of nation-states in this policy area. Others have declared the double closure of territorial sovereignty and national citizenship to be outmoded concepts. This paper inscribes itself in that debate by answering the following questions: 1) To what extent do international legal instruments constrain the actions of national policy-makers?; 2) How have nation-states reacted to international constraints and problems of policy implementation? We focus on European Union and Council of Europe jurisdictions as a critical case of international legal constraints. We examine their jurisprudence with respect to rights of entry and residence and the extent to which national courts have incorporated European norms and European governments take them into account. Focusing on Germany, France, and the Netherlands with comparative reference to the U.S. case, the paper examines ways national policy-makers have responded over the last fifteen years, since the adoption of the Single European Act, and the outset of global economic recession. In evaluating state responses, the paper identifies the devolution of decision-making in monitoring and executive powers upwards to intergovernmental fora, downwards to local authorities (through decentralization), and outwards to non-state actors (in particular, private companies). We argue that this devolution of policy elaboration and implementation is not so much a sign that states are losing control and giving away sovereignty, than an experiment in which principals (nation states) involve agents (supranational, local, private non-state actors) as part of rational calculated attempts to diminish costs. We then assess the extent states have been able to recapture control over migration flows in this way. Finally, we draw upon the case of European migration control to highlight the dynamics of European integration and cooperation.
1997
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2655/1/002789_1.PDF
Lahav, Gallya and Guiraudon, Virginie. (1997) "The devolution of immigration regimes in Europe". In: UNSPECIFIED, Seattle, WA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2655/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2659
2011-02-15T22:23:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:656661454D55454D536575726F
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Defining the national interest: Domestic sources of the French European monetary policy during the Mitterrand era"
Lee, Jae-Seung.
France
EMU/EMS/euro
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
The French European monetary policy during the Mitterrand years evolved through three stages: 1) defining the national interest, 1981-1983 (the first EMS crisis); 2) the deepening of the franc fort policy (1984-1992); 3) the consolidation of the franc fort policy, 1992-1993 (the second EMS crisis). The franc fort policy based on redefined national interest was epitomized by the French "U-turn" of 1983 and consolidated at the EMS crisis in 1992 and 1993. The process of redefining national interest reflected a specific feature of the French policy-making community. The implementation and consolidation of the franc fort policy had been led by technocratic elites. During the crisis period, especially during the 1982-83 EMS crisis, the role of the president and socialist politicians had been dominant. As socialism faded out, the political nature of the EMS decision was taken over by a technocratic decision. The deepening of the ideational consensus among economic elites redefined the French national interest in a way to make an exit from the EMS more difficult. In a later crisis, 1992-93, the defense of the franc was led more by the opinion from technocratic elites, including the economic bureaucrats of Trésor and Banque de France. Elite cohesion based on the Grands Corps system remained intact and facilitated the consensus on the redefinition of national interest. The increased democratic deficit between administrative elites and citizens brought a problem of the legitimacy of delegation. The self-justified delegation and a passive consensus on the European monetary integration came under doubt, leading to the crisis of the Maastricht referendum and the 1995 strike.
1997
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2659/1/002787_1.PDF
Lee, Jae-Seung. (1997) "Defining the national interest: Domestic sources of the French European monetary policy during the Mitterrand era". In: UNSPECIFIED, Seattle, WA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2659/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2685
2011-02-15T22:23:32Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666676F7665726E616E6365:70616666676F7665726E616E63657375626E6174696F6E616C726567696F6E616C2F7465727269746F7269616C
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Territorialized political exchange and European integration"
Negrier, Emmanuel.
France
subnational/regional/territorial
This paper intends to examine how a political exchange perspective could be useful to improve the study of relationships between levels of governance, and within such levels, in the process of regional European integration. First it will be necessary to present the conceptual basis of territorial political exchange. Such a presentation will focus first on a critical discussion of Leonardo Parri’s model. We will then set out the different dimensions of our territorial political exchange definition. It will then be possible to illustrate such a model with several examples drawn from our fieldwork and also that of several colleagues. This analytical implementation will successively focus on the question of regionalization in France, then on multi-level governance in a political exchange perspective, and finally on links between political exchange and regional mobilization.
1997
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2685/1/002767_1.PDF
Negrier, Emmanuel. (1997) "Territorialized political exchange and European integration". In: UNSPECIFIED, Seattle, WA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2685/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2699
2011-02-15T22:23:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706767656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
7375626A656374733D41:41303239
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"France and the social construction of Europe. Part I: France's Germany Policy and the Schumann Plan"
Parsons, Craig.
general
France
Germany
general
integration theory (see also researching and writing the EU in this section)
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
Was the Schuman Plan the rational realization of French interests in a changing environment, or a bold, new interpretation of French interests? This paper poses this question as the first step in a larger project about the ‘social construction’ of the French role in today’s European Union. I argue that the Schuman Plan did reflect a re-conceptualization of French interests, that I can point to what was re-conceptualized, and that I can demonstrate its institutionalization historically. In the language of social science, my dependent variable is French policy towards Germany; specifically, I wish to explain the timing and content of French policy initiatives. I study two competing independent variables. The Milwardian rationalist story sees changing environmental constraints as the source of changing French policies. The constructivist story traces change in French policies to the introduction and institutionalization of innovative ideas. The immediate goal of this paper is to show that only the latter adequately explains the Schuman Plan and the changes it represented in French government policies. While this is the logical first step in the ‘social construction of Europe,’ it is unfortunately far from a self-sufficient piece of that puzzle. As will be discussed below, a constructivist argument needs to demonstrate both the introduction of new ideas and their long-term effects. These long-term effects will only be displayed in the full study, covering the subsequent steps of European institution-building. This essay thus only begins the historical story of the effects of the Schuman Plan innovations.
1997
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2699/1/002551_1.PDF
Parsons, Craig. (1997) "France and the social construction of Europe. Part I: France's Germany Policy and the Schumann Plan". In: UNSPECIFIED, Seattle, WA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2699/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2720
2011-02-15T22:23:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The untold story: The impact of European integration on France in the Mitterrand-Chirac era (1981-1997)"
Schmidt, Vivien A.
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
France
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
European integration has been a central force for change in France, helping spur the country’s move from a largely state-directed economy to a more market-oriented one. Reforms that include the abandonment of macro-economic autonomy and micro-economic controls over business and the restructuring of French industry have revolutionized the way in which French governmental elites manage the economy and interact with business. State interventionism, where it remains, is more circumscribed and market-oriented, and mainly limited to actions involving firms in strategic areas or in trouble. But although the changes in macro-economic and micro-economic spheres have produced a healthier economy, more competitive business, and a transformation in business-government relations, they have also led to a concomitant loss of state capacity in the socioeconomic sphere with regard to social welfare and unemployment. Because this loss of socioeconomic capacity has not been accompanied by a new political discourse that would serve to justify France’s Europe-related economic adjustments or to promote new forms of dialogue and concentration between government and citizens, the continued liberalization of the economy could be called into question.
1997
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2720/1/002738_1.PDF
Schmidt, Vivien A. (1997) "The untold story: The impact of European integration on France in the Mitterrand-Chirac era (1981-1997)". In: UNSPECIFIED, Seattle, WA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2720/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2743
2011-02-15T22:23:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"France and European integration: Revisionist thoughts on Gaullism and Giscardism, 1962-81"
Tiersky, Ronald.
France
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
In this short re-reading of the de Gaulle and Giscard periods in French policy toward European integration, I intend mainly to pass on some of de Gaulle’s private conversations, as recorded in an extraordinary book by Alain Peyrefitte, C’était de Gaulle (1994). It’s a marvelously insightful and entertaining book, which hasn’t received the attention outside France it deserves, perhaps partly because "the many wives of Mitterrand" "fuilleton" took center stage for the last few years. But in my judgment, reading Peyrefitte’s De Gaulle is one of the most profitable studies in re-reading and revising our views of French politics in the Fifth Republic that one can do. Peyrefitte was de Gaulle’s young press spokesman and then Minister of Information, meaning the one who dealt with the then government-owned and controlled radio-television network, at a time when France had only two or three TV channels, and the Evening News was a great partisan political stake. Peyrefitte, who has also published remarkable books on China, for years diligently wrote down de Gaulle’s utterances, and unless Peyrefitte has even less credibility in the sort of verbatim rendering than Jacques Attali, we can assume that we have largely le vrai de Gaulle here.
1997
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2743/1/002725_1.PDF
Tiersky, Ronald. (1997) "France and European integration: Revisionist thoughts on Gaullism and Giscardism, 1962-81". In: UNSPECIFIED, Seattle, WA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2743/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2752
2011-02-15T22:23:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303439
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666676F7665726E616E6365:70616666676F7665726E616E63657375626E6174696F6E616C726567696F6E616C2F7465727269746F7269616C
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Strength in diversity? French and German regional responses to European Union educational initiatives"
Wegener, Kara P.
Hega, Gunther M.
education policy/vocational training
France
Germany
subnational/regional/territorial
This paper examines the relations between the regional, national and supra-national levels of government within the European Union (EU). Specifically, it compares the responses of the 22 French regions and the 16 Germans states to the EU’s initiatives in education policy. The hypothesis set forth is that both the French and German regional governments have greatly benefited from EU policies such as Socrates/Erasmus and Leonardo that aim to integrate the education policies of the EU member states. The evidence suggests that by participating in these programs the national governments of France and Germany have lost policy-making competence to the higher level of government, i.e. the European Union, and to the lower level of government, the French regions and the German Länder. This is called the "sandwich hypothesis" because the national governments are seen to be squeezed between the growing power of the EU supra-national institutions, on the one hand, and the increasing influence of the regional governments, on the other hand. Our paper thus sheds some light on the theoretical discussion of the changing role of the nation-state facing the twin forces of internationalization and regionalization within the European Union.
1997
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2752/1/003774.1.pdf
Wegener, Kara P. and Hega, Gunther M. (1997) "Strength in diversity? French and German regional responses to European Union educational initiatives". In: UNSPECIFIED, Seattle, Washington. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2752/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2761
2011-02-15T22:23:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303035
7375626A656374733D45:45303035
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"CFSP and the Central and Eastern European countries: Franco-German perspectives"
Wohlfeld, Monika.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
EU-Central and Eastern Europe
France
enlargement
Germany
NATO
The common denominator of Franco-German relations, CFSP, Central and Eastern Europe and EU enlargement issues is the concept of flexibility. Flexibility can be defined as intensified cooperation of two or more EU member states which wish to do so in one or more areas within the framework of the Union. In the Franco-German vision of flexibility, the second pillar (CFSP) is the most likely application of the concept. This paper suggests that France and Germany have found a compromise on the conflicting goals of deepening and widening this concept of flexibility. For the Central European candidates, this approach appears dangerous despite some potentially promising aspects, as it may mean being left out in the periphery of the integration process. This paper concentrates on issues that relate exclusively to Franco-German relations, CFSP, flexibility and enlargement, and thus leaves out such important areas as for example, EMU, military cooperation, and positions on WE-WEU links. It first discusses aspects of Franco-German relations, particularly their significance for Central Europe in general and for EU and NATO reform and enlargement in particular. It continues by presenting the French-German and Central European assessment of CFSP as it exists today, and presents Franco-German suggestions for improvement of its visibility and effectiveness presented within the framework of the IGC. Finally, it analyses the Central European reactions to these proposals.
1997
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2761/1/002714_1.PDF
Wohlfeld, Monika. (1997) "CFSP and the Central and Eastern European countries: Franco-German perspectives". In: UNSPECIFIED, Seattle, WA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2761/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2808
2011-02-15T22:24:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031727270
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303436
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273636F6D706E6174696D70
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Bridging EU and domestic implementation: A cross-national comparison"
Altenstetter, Christa.
U.K.
public health policy (including global activities)
regulations/regulatory policies
France
Germany
compliance/national implementation
This paper tackles a topic of interdisciplinary interest and current policy importance in countries around the world: the regulation of safe efficacious and quality medical devices for use in patient care. Regulation in the field is thirty years behind the regulation of medicines in the European Union, and thirty years behind medical device regulation in the U.S. Specifically, the paper looks at the implementation of three medical device directives in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, through the lens of domestic implementation literature, evolving over a period of thirty years. The central concerns of this literature arguably coincide with many of the concerns and distinctive features of the historical and sociological version of the new institutionalism rather than rational choice. Questions are raised about the significance of domestic constraints and opportunities in adapting to EU directives on medical devices. What kinds of domestic policy and contextual constraints and opportunities exist? How do they affect the domestic implementation process? What are the domestic outcomes? And, finally, how do we explain variations in outcomes of implementing the same EU directives on medical devices across the three countries?
2003
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2808/1/076.pdf
Altenstetter, Christa. (2003) "Bridging EU and domestic implementation: A cross-national comparison". In: UNSPECIFIED, Nashville, TN. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2808/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2844
2011-02-15T22:24:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303039
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The CFSP factor: A comparison of U.S. and French strategies"
Brenner, Michael.
EU-US
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
France
From all appearances, the European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) is a casualty of the events set in train by the events of September 11. The elusive unity of outlook among the fifteen, the necessary condition for an operative CFSP, was shattered by the sharp divisions over Iraq. Honest differences of interpretation and prescription have been exacerbated by the bitter exchanges and factional rivalries that dissolved any sense of communitarian spirit. The United Sates, for its part, has exploited the opportunity to pursue a strategy of divide and neutralize. Washington deployed its formidable instruments of influence to marshal support for its hard-line policy, forestalling the attempt by the French-German tandem to forge a common EU position to counteract American policy. Washington thereby also confirmed its declared aim to prevent the emergence of any power or bloc of states that could countervail the U.S. did not make an exception for the EU.
2003
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2844/1/095.pdf
Brenner, Michael. (2003) "The CFSP factor: A comparison of U.S. and French strategies". In: UNSPECIFIED, Nashville, TN. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2844/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2874
2011-02-15T22:24:18Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303332
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D46:46303233
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:636F6E726573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Lessons learned: Cooperation of EU member states in limiting ethnic conflict"
Gokcek, Gulriz Gigi.
France
enlargement
Spain
Turkey
conflict resolution/crisis management
The layout of the paper is as follows. First, a background will be provided on the reasons why ethnic conflicts spread from one country to another in the first place. This, of course, creates not only a regional problem, but also threatens the overall security of the international community. Second, a theoretical model will be established to specify the four conditions necessary for cooperation in order to limit the spread of ethnic conflict from one state to another. Third, the study will show that the presence of these four variables is the reason behind the success of the Franco-Spanish cooperation in limiting the Basque conflict to a domestic problem inside Spain. In the fourth section, the paper will analyze the Turkey-Syrian struggle over the Kurdish conflict and illustrate that it was in the absence of the four key variables that the situation escalated nearly to inter-state war. The paper will conclude with an assessment of Turkey's current situation, in relations with its neighbors over the Kurdish conflict, and the implications that this might have for EU membership.
2003
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2874/1/113.pdf
Gokcek, Gulriz Gigi. (2003) "Lessons learned: Cooperation of EU member states in limiting ethnic conflict". In: UNSPECIFIED, Nashville, TN. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2874/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2876
2011-02-15T22:24:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:656661454D55454D536575726F
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303137
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"EMU: Lessons for the CFA zone"
Healy, Conor.
France
EU-ACP
EMU/EMS/euro
Like so many aspects of the European project, the sheer uniqueness of European Monetary Union can often make proper comparative analysis seem difficult and even strained. It seems in so many different ways to mark out uncharted territory. After all, this is a monetary union of democratic states, with largely stable and highly developed economies. These states have voluntarily ceded complete control over their monetary policy to an independent central bank. Indeed they have acquiesced to an externally determined monetary policy with price stability as its primary goal, and they have signed up-nominally, at least-to some very tight controls on their fiscal behavior. Responding, at least partially to the comparative constraints, much of the recent analysis has focused on using accumulated data of the early years of the euro to begin to measure economic effects and suggest possible future consequences. A number of other analyses have talked in terms of future institutional reforms, especially with regard to possible expansion to the east. These are obviously issues of profound concern to policymakers. In this paper, however, I will argue for at least a partial return to the comparative approach. Specifically, I will argue that there are still some lessons that the euro area can learn from its African cousin-the CFA franc zone.
2003
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2876/1/115.pdf
Healy, Conor. (2003) "EMU: Lessons for the CFA zone". In: UNSPECIFIED, Nashville, TN. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2876/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2886
2011-02-15T22:24:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:656661454D55454D536575726F
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65666153746162696C69747947726F77746850616374
7375626A656374733D46:46303138
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Fiscal convergence and stability in the EMU: Alchemy, missed opportunities, and commitment institutions"
Leblond, Patrick.
Italy
France
Germany
Portugal
Stability and Growth Pact
EMU/EMS/euro
Since the spring of 2002, there has been renewed debate and discussion regarding the value and pertinence of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) of the European Monetary Union (EMU). This debate arose because Germany and Portugal have breached the reference value set out in the SGP for budget deficits, and France and Italy are dangerously close to breaching it. Furthermore, France has until now categorically refused to respond to warnings from the Commission and the Council of Ministers, and, therefore, play by the rules of the SGP. In light of this alleged crisis in the EMU, the paper explains how the crisis came to take place, to what extent the EMU's fiscal policy institutions are to blame, and how, as a result, they can be improved. Finally, it assess whether the alleged SGP crisis threatens the future stability of the EMU.
2003
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2886/1/125.pdf
Leblond, Patrick. (2003) "Fiscal convergence and stability in the EMU: Alchemy, missed opportunities, and commitment institutions". In: UNSPECIFIED, Nashville, TN. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2886/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2891
2011-02-15T22:24:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303136
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303033
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303134
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303033
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Reforming the Council - Modeling facets of a multi-actor system"
Maurer, Andreas.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
IGC 2000
European Council-Presidency
France
Germany
European Convention
Council of Ministers
This paper investigates the Council of Ministers and the Convention's/IGC's dossier on the Council's system. Acknowledging that supranational influence is contingent upon both the context and actual strategies employed by supranational actors in an IGC, I focus on an issue where the member states strategic positions are under review. I argue that the Nice IGC's outcome is the product of a trend of member states who already during the Maastricht reforms started to base their preferences on a non-agreed type measure. Budding on the findings about the Nice IGC, the paper moves on to discuss different readings of the Council system and to analyze their empirical validity. I then systematically look at the ongoing debate about the Council's reform. Focusing on the Franco-German contribution of January 2003, I sketch two extreme variants for the future development of the Council, its presidency, its separation into a legislative and an executive/governing Count and its visibility with regard to Foreign Policy. The paper concludes that both extreme visions-the federal and the intergovernmental type-do not correspond to the reality of the Council. Nor do they help to reduce the Council's deficiencies with regard to efficiency, transparency, visibility and coherency. However, both extremes help to forecast the possible outcome of the Convention: a more presidential system which will be compensated by the set up of a truly legislative Council.
2003
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2891/1/130.pdf
Maurer, Andreas. (2003) "Reforming the Council - Modeling facets of a multi-actor system". In: UNSPECIFIED, Nashville, TN. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2891/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2916
2011-02-15T22:24:31Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666676F7665726E616E6365
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:7061666664656D6F637261637964656D6F63726174696364656669636974
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The Europeanization of governance in larger European democracies"
Schmidt, Vivien A.
governance: EU & national level
U.K.
democracy/democratic deficit
Italy
France
Germany
In what follows, I ... [explore] the nature of the EU governance system and its impact on national democracies. I begin by considering the EU-related changes in member-states' governance practices with regard to governmental power and authority, interest access and influence, and the politics of voting and voice. Such changes, I show, have been greater for some countries than others, largely due to questions of institutional "fit" with the EU, and therefore pose a greater challenge to traditional ideas about democracy. Because the EU is a "compound" potty, in which power, influence, and voice are diffused through multiple levels and modes of governance, countries with already "compound" polities such as Germany and Italy have experienced less significant change in governmental practices and, thereby, less challenge to traditional ideas about democracy than those with more "simple" polities such as France and Britain, where power, influence, and voice are more concentrated in a single level and mode of governance. "Fit" in terms of policies is another matter entirely, however, and here the changes and challenges may be every bit as great in "compound" polities as in more "simple" ones.
2003
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2916/1/153.pdf
Schmidt, Vivien A. (2003) "The Europeanization of governance in larger European democracies". In: UNSPECIFIED, Nashville, TN. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2916/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2987
2011-02-15T22:24:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"France: an EU founder member cut down to size?"
Drake, Helen.
France
enlargement
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
As EU founder member, France early on and for many years equated mere presence with influence on 'la construction europeenne'. It defined size in terms of grandeur and rank, which had far greater connotations than simple numbers of votes and seats. The Franco-German relationship also multiplied French influence. But over time, and particularly since the 2004 EU enlargement, French leaders have had to pay closer attention to the qualitiative and quantitative dimensions of member state size, and reconsider the tactics of power and influence - not to mention leadership - within the EU. This paper reviews the details of a France cut down to size in an enlarged and enlarging EU.
2005
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
text/plain
http://aei.pitt.edu/2987/1/size_%2D_HD_EUSA_VERSION1.txt
application/msword
http://aei.pitt.edu/2987/2/size_%2D_HD_EUSA_VERSION1.doc
Drake, Helen. (2005) "France: an EU founder member cut down to size?". In: UNSPECIFIED, Austin, Texas. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2987/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2996
2011-02-15T22:24:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C6166666169727362706561
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303431
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303039
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Power, Techno-economics, and Transatlantic Relations in 1987-1999
Lungu, Sorin.
EU-US
transport policy
France
Germany
business/private economic activity
This essay suggests that in 1987-1999 European elites, in their efforts of asymmetric balancing against the United States hegemony, decided to trade-off military capability for economic competitiveness. Thus, it documents a correlation between a) the reluctance of especially France and Germany during the 1990s to fully embrace and pursue the US-led RMA; and, b) the European Union's efforts since the late 1980s to challenge America's technological and economic supremacy in the aerospace sector. Two projects (Airbus and Galileo) indicate that the quest for strategic independence and the fear of reduced influence in international affairs were the driving forces behind European efforts to challenge the US commercial and technological supremacy in the aerospace sector in 1987-99. Furthermore, the article tries to identify what role the RMA played in this context (focusing in particular on Germany and France). It argues also that since the late 1980s (and especially during the 1990s), the European Commission and countries such as France and Germany perceived US policies in high-technology sectors (accentuated also by vigorous pursuit of the RMA) as limiting Europe’s abilities to advance its own agenda in international economic and security affairs.
2005
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2996/1/submission_27_August_2004_for_EUSA_2005_conference.pdf
Lungu, Sorin. (2005) Power, Techno-economics, and Transatlantic Relations in 1987-1999. In: UNSPECIFIED, Austin, Texas. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2996/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:3068
2011-02-15T22:25:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F7067646D706D
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666676F7665726E616E6365:70616666676F7665726E616E63657375626E6174696F6E616C726567696F6E616C2F7465727269746F7269616C
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Theorizing Democracy in Europe: The Impact of the EU on National and Sectoral Policy-making Processes"
Schmidt, Vivien A.
U.K.
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
Italy
France
Germany
subnational/regional/territorial
decision making/policy-making
[From the Introduction]. In this paper, I begin with a consideration of the relationship between institutional structures and policymaking processes, then examine the nature of the ‘macro’ policymaking patterns in the EU and its member-states, and finally explore the ‘micro’ patterns of relations in policy sectors. I illustrate with the cases of Britain, France, Germany, and Italy.
2005
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
text/plain
http://aei.pitt.edu/3068/1/eusa_05_2pol_proc_democracy.txt
application/msword
http://aei.pitt.edu/3068/2/eusa_05_2pol_proc_democracy.doc
Schmidt, Vivien A. (2005) "Theorizing Democracy in Europe: The Impact of the EU on National and Sectoral Policy-making Processes". In: UNSPECIFIED, Austin, Texas. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/3068/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:3089
2011-02-15T22:25:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"France and the European Security and Defense Policy"
Terpan, Fabien.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
France
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
[From the Introduction]. In the 1990’s, the CFSP and its military component the ESDP have become core elements of the French defense doctrine. Whereas the Gaullist doctrine in the 1960’s put the emphasis on sovereignty and independence as the best ways to maintain the French position in international politics, the European political unification being a complementary option, the new strategy is much more aware of the necessity to act within a European framework. In 1994, the building of a European defense policy is quoted in the Livre blanc on defense as one of the French priorities, which is quite a new idea. Two decades earlier, the 1972 Livre blanc on national defense did not even mention the possibility of creating a European defense.
2005
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
text/plain
http://aei.pitt.edu/3089/1/france_and_ESDP.txt
application/msword
http://aei.pitt.edu/3089/2/france_and_ESDP.doc
Terpan, Fabien. (2005) "France and the European Security and Defense Policy". In: UNSPECIFIED, Austin, Texas. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/3089/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:3124
2011-02-15T22:25:37Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:706166667075626C69636F70696E696F6E
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Public Perceptions of the European Power Hierarchy and Support for a Common Foreign and Security Policy"
Genna, Gaspara M.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
France
Germany
public opinion
Prior research on citizen support for European integration has primarily focused on individuals’ evaluations of the process of integration or its institutions, with emphasis on the importance of direct benefits and costs integration can confer. Explanations focus on overall support for integration and little work has been done on explaining public opinion on specific policy areas, such as the development of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). Prior work also does not consider individuals’ evaluations of member states in models. This paper will fill this gap in the research by formulating and testing a political cohesion model, which can be considered complementary to preexisting models. The analysis synthesizes systems theory with social identity theory to produce a core claim that the probability of supporting the CFSP increases with greater levels of political trust in the European Union member-states. The development of political cohesion, as measured by the amount of trust in member-states, is assumed to be reflective of a positive perception. Positive perceptions of member-states are critical because integration’s development is influenced strongly by and dependent upon the resources of the relatively more powerful European member-states. Therefore, positive perceptions of the top EU powers, namely Germany and France, improve the probability of supporting a CFSP, more so than trusting the remaining members. The results hold even when controlling for demographic variables, political values, ideology, and the democratic deficit. Binary logistic regression analysis using pooled repeated cross-sectional data from the Eurobarometer surveys conducted in 1992 through 1997 among individuals of 11 member-states largely support these claims.
2005
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/3124/1/Genna_EUSA_CDFP_2005.pdf
Genna, Gaspara M. (2005) "Public Perceptions of the European Power Hierarchy and Support for a Common Foreign and Security Policy". In: UNSPECIFIED, Austin, Texas. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/3124/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:3269
2011-02-15T22:26:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303039
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:443030326673703139353031393932657063
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Developing Europe into a "Third Great Power Bloc": The United States, France and the Failure of the European Defense Community"
Anderson, Stephanie B.
France
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
EU-US
foreign/security policy 1950s-1992 (includes EPC)
In opposition to US policy today, during the 1950’s, the United States was a strong, even the primary supporter, of a supranational European defense force with the goal of creating a European power bloc. Ironically, French distrust of the integration process killed the EDC. Moreover, the failure of the French to ratify the EDC was a major step on the road to mistrust between France and the US that continues to exist today.
2005
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
text/plain
http://aei.pitt.edu/3269/1/SBA_EDC_paper_05_rev_hist.txt
application/msword
http://aei.pitt.edu/3269/2/SBA_EDC_paper_05_rev_hist.doc
Anderson, Stephanie B. (2005) "Developing Europe into a "Third Great Power Bloc": The United States, France and the Failure of the European Defense Community". In: UNSPECIFIED, Austin, Texas. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/3269/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:5746
2011-02-15T22:38:26Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:436F6E7374346575726F7065
7375626A656374733D46:46303135
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:706166664575726F7065616E656C656374696F6E73
74797065733D72657669657765737361797375626A656374
The Politics of Bifurcation: The 2005 Referendums in France and the Netherlands.
Taggert, Paul
Mény, Yves
de Beus, Jos
Ross, George
Constitution for Europe
France
European elections/voting behavior
Netherlands
[Introduction] A few months after the French and Dutch electorate rejected the constitutional treaty, it is time to analyze the results of the June referenda and reflect on what they teach us about the EU’s legitimacy predicament. We must first disentangle what the “no” voters wanted to reject: their own government, “Europe” as they saw it, enlargement —since the phobia of the outside ran deep, well beyond the now proverbial fear of the Polish plumber. There were many “nos” and the French and Dutch outcomes need not stem from the same political dynamic. An understanding of the social bases of the vote is thus also in order. Paul Taggart provides such an analysis. Yves Mény and Jos de Beus then discuss in more detail the significance of the French and Dutch campaigns and electoral results both for the countries themselves and for European integration. George Ross concludes our Forum by arguing that the actual crisis in the EU stems from the anxieties about the European “social model” and notes the political difficulties that France and Germany, the EU tandem of yesteryear, face when it comes to reforming. Without growth and jobs, can there be a legitimacy for the European project? Without national reforms (EU-induced or otherwise), how do EU economies improve? This is the current double-bind.
European Union Studies Association
Guiraudon, Virginie.
2005
Review Essay
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/5746/1/Fall2005Review
Taggert, Paul and Mény, Yves and de Beus, Jos and Ross, George (2005) The Politics of Bifurcation: The 2005 Referendums in France and the Netherlands. [Review Essay]
http://aei.pitt.edu/5746/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:5949
2011-02-15T22:39:36Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666676F7665726E616E6365
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
74797065733D61727469636C65
Systèmes politiques nationaux et exercice de l'influence au niveau communautaire: une comparaison France-Allemagne. = National political systems and the exercise of influence at EU level: a comparison between France-Germany
Aumont, Laure
Lavadoux, Frank
Desselas, Stéphane.
governance: EU & national level
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
France
Germany
"Si elle veut remporter des succès au niveau européen, la République fédérale (allemande) doit agir comme un Etat unitaire décentralisé". Cette formule provocante tirée des travaux de la Commission chargée de moderniser le système fédéral allemand pose le lien entre système politique national et défense des intérêts au niveau communautaire. L'article analyse ce lien à la lumière d’une comparaison entre système fédéral coopératif allemand et système unitaire décentralisé français. Il apparaît que les systèmes politiques déterminent bien le cadre général dans lequel les deux pays pratiquent l'influence communautaire, leurs forces et leurs faiblesses respectives. Par contre, l'échec de la Commission allemande sur le fédéralisme tend à montrer que toute réforme devrait moins passer par une transformation en profondeur du système que par son optimisation.
2005
Article
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/5949/1/SCOPE2005%2D2_5.pdf
Aumont, Laure and Lavadoux, Frank and Desselas, Stéphane. (2005) Systèmes politiques nationaux et exercice de l'influence au niveau communautaire: une comparaison France-Allemagne. = National political systems and the exercise of influence at EU level: a comparison between France-Germany. EIPAScope, 2005 (2). pp. 35-44.
http://aei.pitt.edu/5949/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6095
2011-02-15T22:40:32Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F7067646D706D
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D46:46303034
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D41:41303239
7375626A656374733D46:46303039
74797065733D61727469636C65
The Introduction of the Open Method of Coordination in the European Enlargement Policy: Analysing the Impact of the New PHARE/Twinning Instrument
Tulmets, Elsa.
Estonia
France
enlargement
Germany
integration theory (see also researching and writing the EU in this section)
decision making/policy-making
Hungary
The article develops the thesis that the EU Commission borrowed some features from the open method of coordination (OMC) in order to implement the 1997 reform of the fifth EU enlargement policy. Contrary to the thesis of enlargement conceived as a unilateral policy, I use tools of historical and sociological institutionalism to show the relative institutional impact of one of the main instruments of the 1998 pre-accession strategy – the PHARE institutional Twinnings – not only on candidate countries, but also on member states. As Twinnings might be regarded as a new instrument of external governance, their implementation also illustrate the limits of the use of the OMC in EU’s external relations. This article is divided into four parts: a first part presents the way the OMC was adapted to the EU enlargement and cooperation policy. A second part focuses on the impact of the launching of Twinning on two member states, Germany and France, which are the two main European donor countries to CEEC, and its limits in terms of consistency and coordination. A third part details the impact of Twinning on two candidate states during the 1997-2004 period, Estonia and Hungary, and the sometimes limited adaptation processes resulting from the use of the OMC in cooperation projects. Drawing on these conclusions, a fourth part explains how Twinning might be seen as an instrument of mutual socialisation between administrative elites of member and candidate states.
European Political-economy Infrastructure Consortium (EPIC)
Schwarzer, Daniela
Tulmets, Elsa.
2005
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6095/1/tulmets.pdf
Tulmets, Elsa. (2005) The Introduction of the Open Method of Coordination in the European Enlargement Policy: Analysing the Impact of the New PHARE/Twinning Instrument. European Politican Economy Review, 3 (1). pp. 54-90.
http://aei.pitt.edu/6095/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6127
2011-02-15T22:40:41Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737077656C666172657374617465
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Reconsidering Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany: The Integration of the 21st-century Gastarbeiter"
Blau, Jessamyn
France
welfare state
Germany
immigration policy
In the generous welfare states of Europe, one of the most obvious benefits of citizenship is participation in national health insurance plans. With academics and politicians discussing the possibility of a “European welfare state,” it has become crucial to examine the types of definitions the Union might use to create this supranational institution. Rogers Brubaker has opposed the French and German conceptions of citizenship, with German citizenship being transmitted almost exclusively by blood relation (jus sanguinis) and French citizenship being extended to those having proven residence in France (jus solis). Although the immigration reforms of 2003 have permitted second-generation Turkish immigrants in Germany to more easily achieve citizenship status, it remains that many German Turks are excluded from many of the benefits of citizenship. By contrast, France strives to remain the model of jus solis par excellence. Recently, these two countries have progressively begun to extend welfare state benefits to immigrants; movements on behalf of this type of measure have increased in prominence in France since the riots of 2005. This paper develops a mechanism to explain how national models of citizenship have recently granted or limited access to the welfare state; and, conversely, how access to the welfare state can serve to define the citizen. Using the data of the major public opinion surveys and interviews with immigrant communities as well as French and German nationals, it will attempt to construct a model of the public conception of citizenship as based on access to the welfare state. Most importantly, however, the results of these findings will be used to comment on the possibilities for the use of the welfare state as a tool of integration, both nationally and at the EU level.
2006
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6127/1/gradconf06_blau.pdf
Blau, Jessamyn (2006) "Reconsidering Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany: The Integration of the 21st-century Gastarbeiter". In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/6127/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6482
2011-02-15T22:42:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666706F6C69746963616C70617274696573
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:706166664575726F7065616E656C656374696F6E73
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"'Europe' in the 2002 French elections"
Drake, Helen.
France
European elections/voting behavior
political parties
French relations with the European Union (EU) have found themselves on trial in the opening years of the 21st century. The French presidency of the EU's Council machinery in 2000 was charged with faulty diplomacy; and the events and results of the 2002 French presidential election suggested the existence of a sizeable minority of the French electorate prepared to give voice to a persistent anti-"Europeanisation" -if not anti-EU- sentiment. France's international image has emerged tarnished from these high-risk developments. This paper evaluates at close range the significance of the 2002 French presidential and legislative elections for the course of French European policy in Chirac's second presidential term. It measures the extend to which `Europe' featured in the election campaigns, and interprets the significance of `Europe' in the election results. It analyses the impact of the elections for the role played by the European question in the French party political life, for France's international image, and for its policy options. The paper concludes that the elections both confirm France's troubles in elaborating a European strategy, yet - paradoxically? - suggests a new phase in French activism in Europe.
2003
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6482/1/001502_1.PDF
Drake, Helen. (2003) "'Europe' in the 2002 French elections". In: UNSPECIFIED, Nashville, TN. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/6482/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6489
2011-02-15T22:42:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666706F6C69746963616C70617274696573
7375626A656374733D46:46303135
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Capitalism, consensus, and the electoral successes of the far right"
Fieschi, Catherine
Jones, Erik.
France
Netherlands
political parties
The electoral success of Jean-Marie Le Pen in France and (the late) Pim Formyn in the Netherlands has sparked immediate speculation that ‘the right' is coming back into vogue in Europe. Such speculation assumes that the right-left dichotomy is important to understanding the success of groups like the Front National or the List Pim Fortuyn. We disagree. Using examples from across Europe, we argue that these groups are more characteristically populist than right-wing; that their stance on the structure of political participation is more important to their success than the position they take on distributive concerns; and that programmatic inconsistency is less critical than performance contradiction to their survival in power. Our argument is only slightly at odds with the existing literature, but even this slight change of emphasis- from policy or distributive outcomes to political or participatory process- can offer substantial analytic rewards. By focusing attention on the process elements in populist political programs we can not only anticipate the fare of those movements, but also shed light on the larger political systems within which they operate.
2003
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6489/1/000444_1.pdf
Fieschi, Catherine and Jones, Erik. (2003) "Capitalism, consensus, and the electoral successes of the far right". In: UNSPECIFIED, Nashville, TN. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/6489/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6493
2011-02-15T22:42:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F7067646D706D
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
`The ‘checks and balances' doctrine in member states as a rule of EC law: The cases of France and Germany"
Georgopoulos, Theodore.
France
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
Germany
decision making/policy-making
Besides its descriptive function, the separation of powers has a normative one. Indeed, the creation of organs, their attributions and their interrelation constitute the legal criteria which make possible the identification of "powers" and the concrete meaning of their "separation." However, EC Law's interest on national normative separation of power is acuter. Actually, and without reinventing the separation of powers legal doctrine, EC Law requirements contribute to a reconsideration of the relations between powers (III), relations that could be conceived as a sui generis circumstantial control system (IV), developed in parallel with the constitutional model elaborated in member states (V), and whose features remain-in a Darwinian way-in full evolution process (VI).
2003
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6493/1/001523_1.PDF
Georgopoulos, Theodore. (2003) `The ‘checks and balances' doctrine in member states as a rule of EC law: The cases of France and Germany". In: UNSPECIFIED, Nashville, TN. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/6493/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6495
2011-02-15T22:42:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666676F7665726E616E6365
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6C6F626279696E67696E746572657374726570726573656E746174696F6E
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D41:41303239
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Bringing politics back in: Rethinking the role of economic interest groups in European integration"
Grossman, Emiliano.
governance: EU & national level
France
Germany
integration theory (see also researching and writing the EU in this section)
lobbying/interest representation
U.K.
This paper argues that the most recent updates of classic integration theory tend to overstate the role of economic interest groups in European integration. Both "liberal intergovernmentalist" and "supranational governance" approaches see major economic interests -either national or transnational-as the main explanatory factor of European integration in the first place. Our view challenges both strands of literature and argues that economic interest groups are unable to act in a utility-maximizing way in a context of political uncertainty. European integration puts interest groups under "stress;" their knowledge about the political system and their political strategies are flawed by the emergence of European levels of governance. In such a context, interest groups will usually strengthen relations with national authorities. Interest groups must undergo learning processes to understand European policymaking, which is facilitated by the institutionalization of European levels of governance. Only once they have adapted, they will be able to return to utility-maximizing strategies of political representation. This paper draws on extensive field work on banking interest groups in France, Germany and the UK.
2003
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6495/1/001520_1.PDF
Grossman, Emiliano. (2003) "Bringing politics back in: Rethinking the role of economic interest groups in European integration". In: UNSPECIFIED, Nashville, TN. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/6495/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6510
2011-02-15T22:42:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303031
7375626A656374733D46:46303234
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303230
7375626A656374733D46:46303038
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
7375626A656374733D46:46303233
7375626A656374733D46:46303035
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
7375626A656374733D46:46303130
7375626A656374733D46:46303135
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The Europeanization of national environmental policy: A comparative analysis"
Jordan, Andrew
Liefferink, Duncan.
Ireland
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
Finland
France
Spain
Netherlands
Germany
Sweden
Greece
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
U.K.
Austria
environmental policy (including international arena)
The aim of this [paper] is to document the Europeanization of national policy since 1970 in ten member states, namely Austria, Eire, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and the UK. Given that our aim is to explore how common policies adopted by the EU are refracted by different national institutional forms, we have opted to focus on one sector, namely environmental policy, rather than looking at the Europeanization of several sectors in one single country, or a mixture of sectors and countries. Our selection of countries constitutes a representative same of "new" (i.e., post-1995) and older member states, environmental "leaders" and "laggards," and northern and southern states, to understand the main dynamics at work. By national "policy," we mean the content of policies (the paradigms of action, the objectives, and the policy instruments), the legal and administrative structures that that have been established to oversee them, and the dominant style in which policy is made and implemented.
2003
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6510/1/001517_1.PDF
Jordan, Andrew and Liefferink, Duncan. (2003) "The Europeanization of national environmental policy: A comparative analysis". In: UNSPECIFIED, Nashville, TN. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/6510/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6558
2011-02-15T22:43:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303136
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303134
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303133
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303131
7375626A656374733D41:41303239
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
“Towards a contingency theory of the presidency: Revisiting Nice"
Schout, Adriaan
Vanhoonacker, Sophie.
Nice Treaty
IGC 2000
European Council-Presidency
France
European Council
integration theory (see also researching and writing the EU in this section)
Based on contingency theory, this article elaborates a conceptual framework aimed at deepening understanding of the presidency of the Council. The available literature on the presidency assumes that it should mainly serve decision-making. This does not do justice for the different roles and services of the chair. Below we present hypotheses on the demand for, and supply of, presidency roles. To test the relevance, we use the contingency framework to reassess the behavior of the French Presidency during the IGC negotiations at Nice. The evaluation based on the presented contingency theory offers a structured evaluation of the of the French Presidency and links behavior to the specificities of the actual negotiations. Despite the current reform discussions, a more realistic understanding of the presidency and a theory to link its behavior to demand and supply conditions continue to be relevant as the rotating chair will remain-one way or the other.
2003
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6558/1/001319_1.PDF
Schout, Adriaan and Vanhoonacker, Sophie. (2003) “Towards a contingency theory of the presidency: Revisiting Nice". In: UNSPECIFIED, Nashville, TN. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/6558/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6569
2011-02-15T22:43:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303031
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6D656469616D65646961
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666706F6C69746963616C70617274696573
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D46:46303032
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
'The EU as a political community: A media analysis of the ‘Haider debate' in the European Union"
Van de Steeg, Marianne
Rauer, Valentin
Rivet, Sylvain
Risse, Thomas.
Belgium
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
Italy
France
Germany
political parties
media
Austria
There is huge skepticism in the scientific literature published during the 1990s whether a "European public sphere" actually exists. Many scholars have linked the democracy deficit of the European Union (EU) to a so-called Offentlichkeitsdefizit (literally a "public-sphere-deficit"). Since the existence of a public sphere uniting the whole EU is often indicated as a precondition for taking up any democratization project demonstrating that this public sphere actually extends beyond the nation-state's borders could be an argument in favor of a Constitution that gives the European citizens a voice. This makes this field of research of crucial importance for the political future of the European Union. ... To evaluate whether this criterion of a shared horizon of reference is fulfilled at the European level, we studied media representations of the "Haider debate" in five EU member states, namely Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, and Austria. In early October 1999, Jorg Haider's right-wing populist Freibeitliche Partei Osterreich (FPO) won a major electoral victory in Austria. The coalition formed by the FPO and the center-right Osterreichische Volkspartei in February 2000 led to protests all over Europe as a result of which the Presidency of the European Council of Ministers decided in favor of so-called "bilateral sanctions" of EU member-states against the Austrian government. Eventually, these sanctions were withdrawn in September 2000 when a commission of "Wise Men" judged the situation in Austria in line with the founding values expressed in the EU treaties.
2003
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6569/1/001514_1.pdf
Van de Steeg, Marianne and Rauer, Valentin and Rivet, Sylvain and Risse, Thomas. (2003) 'The EU as a political community: A media analysis of the ‘Haider debate' in the European Union". In: UNSPECIFIED, Nashville, TN. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/6569/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6574
2011-02-15T22:43:16Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303134
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D41:72656C6967696F6E
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
Headscarves, Skull Caps and Crosses: Is the proposed French ban safe from European legal challenge? CEPS Policy Briefs No. 49, 1 April 2004
Riley, Alan
France
EU-Islam
religion-general (also see EU-Islam)
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
[From the Introduction]. On 10 February 2004, by an overwhelming majority, the French National Assembly voted to ban state school pupils wearing obvious religious symbols, including large Christian crosses, Jewish skull caps, Sikh turbans and headscarves, such as the Islamic Hijab on school premises.(1) The ban was approved by the Senate on March 3rd, and will come into force in time for the beginning of the new school year in September 2004.2 While the proposed ban has aroused controversy throughout Europe and beyond, there has been little consideration so far given to the question whether, if the ban is enacted, it can successfully survive European legal challenge in the French and European courts. The existing case law on the subject in national supreme courts such as the Judicial Committee of the House of Lords, the British supreme court, and the Bundesverfassungsgericht, the German supreme court, does not provide much comfort to the French authorities. In each case, although for differing reasons, these supreme courts have rejected as disproportionate absolute prohibitions on the wearing of clothing suffused with religious symbols, such as headscarves and turbans.
2004-04
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6574/1/1106.pdf
Riley, Alan (2004) Headscarves, Skull Caps and Crosses: Is the proposed French ban safe from European legal challenge? CEPS Policy Briefs No. 49, 1 April 2004. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/6574/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6735
2020-01-09T21:30:52Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:656661454D55454D536575726F
7375626A656374733D46:46303239
7375626A656374733D46:46303234
7375626A656374733D46:46303031
7375626A656374733D46:46303330
7375626A656374733D46:46303133
7375626A656374733D46:46303038
7375626A656374733D46:46303034
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D46:46303134
7375626A656374733D46:46303138
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D46:46303238
7375626A656374733D46:46303233
7375626A656374733D46:46303035
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D46:46303137
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
7375626A656374733D46:46303231
7375626A656374733D46:46303132
7375626A656374733D46:46303039
7375626A656374733D46:46303032
7375626A656374733D46:46303033
7375626A656374733D46:46303130
7375626A656374733D46:46303232
7375626A656374733D46:46303135
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Integration and Conditional Convergence in the Enlarged EU Area. CEPS ENEPRI Working Papers No. 31, 1 February 2005
Kaitila, Ville.
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
U.K.
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Cyprus
EMU/EMS/euro
labour/labor
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
This working paper analyses conditional convergence in Europe and also tries to assess the impact that arises from integration. Using a pooled mean-group estimation method, we first analyse the conditional convergence of GDP per labour force in the area covering the 15 member states of the European Union (EU-15) in 1960-2002. Conditional convergence is well-documented for the EU-15. Higher investment, lower public consumption and lower inflation have contributed positively to GDP growth. Deeper European integration is shown to have accelerated growth when inflation is not included in the specification, but not otherwise. The evidence on the effect of integration on growth is therefore mixed. We then apply the same method to estimate the growth of GDP per labour force in the new EU member states – the eight Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) – for the period 1993-2002. These countries are shown to have converged conditionally towards the average level of GDP per labour force in the EU-15. Higher investment and lower public consumption have also supported growth in the CEECs.
2005-02
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6735/1/1196_31.pdf
Kaitila, Ville. (2005) Integration and Conditional Convergence in the Enlarged EU Area. CEPS ENEPRI Working Papers No. 31, 1 February 2005. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/6735/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6756
2011-02-15T22:44:19Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:436F6E7374346575726F7065
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F70676D7369
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:443030324575726F7065616E4E65696768626F7572686F6F64506F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303039
7375626A656374733D46:46303334
7375626A656374733D46:46303135
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Strategic Implications of the EU Crisis. CEPS ESF Working Papers No. 21, 1 February 2006
Grant, Charles
Gedmin, Jeffrey
Bordachev, Timofei V.
EU-US
Russia
multi-speed integration
Constitution for Europe
France
enlargement
Netherlands
European Neighbourhood Policy
Paper contains the three papers presented to the CEPS-IISS Euorpean Security Forum focusing on the EU’s 'crisis' in the wake of the French and Dutch 'no' votes to the Constitutional Treaty and a summary of the debate by the ESF Chairman. Papers include: "American and European Malaise? A European Perspective", by Jeffrey Gedmin; "The Strategic Implications of the EU Malaise: Enlargement, Variable Geometry and a Stronger Neighbourhood Policy: An American Perspective", by Charles Grant; "The Strategic Implications of the EU’s 'Crisis': An'Odd-Insider’s' Perspective: A Russian Perspective", by Timofei V. Bordachev.
2006-02
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6756/1/1300_21.pdf
Grant, Charles and Gedmin, Jeffrey and Bordachev, Timofei V. (2006) Strategic Implications of the EU Crisis. CEPS ESF Working Papers No. 21, 1 February 2006. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/6756/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6771
2011-02-15T22:44:25Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303332
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Euro-Turks: A Bridge or a Breach between Turkey and the European Union? A Comparative Study of French-Turks and German-Turks. CEPS EU-Turkey Working Papers No. 14, 1 January 2005
Kaya, Ayhan
Kentel, Ferhat.
France
enlargement
Germany
Turkey
Will migrants of Turkish origin and their descendants, also known as ‘Euro-Turks’, act as a vanguard or an impediment in Turkey’s desire to join the EU? To challenge the stereotypes of Euro-Turks both in their homeland and in their countries of settlement, extensive research has been carried out in Germany and France by the Centre for Migration Research in Istanbul. Based on extensive interviews and a broad survey of the literature, this special report reveals public opinion among the diasporic Turkish communities, gauging their political, religious and ethnic orientations as well as their attitudes towards the EU. It also seeks to determine whether diasporic Turkish communities could provide new opportunities and prospects in the formation of a more open and democratic society in Turkey. At this stage, the research reveals that there are three major groups of Euro-Turks emerging in the migratory process: bridging groups (who are affiliated with both the homeland and ‘host-land’) breaching groups (who still have a strong orientation to the homeland) and assimilated groups. The authors, who are professors at Bilgi University in Istanbul, highlight how Euro-Turks demonstrate the fact that Europeanness is not a prescribed identity, but an ongoing process of being and becoming.
2005-01
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6771/1/1189_14.pdf
Kaya, Ayhan and Kentel, Ferhat. (2005) Euro-Turks: A Bridge or a Breach between Turkey and the European Union? A Comparative Study of French-Turks and German-Turks. CEPS EU-Turkey Working Papers No. 14, 1 January 2005. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/6771/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6828
2011-02-15T22:44:46Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303031
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:436F6E7374346575726F7065
7375626A656374733D46:46303239
7375626A656374733D46:46303234
7375626A656374733D46:46303330
7375626A656374733D46:46303133
7375626A656374733D46:46303038
7375626A656374733D46:46303034
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D46:46303134
7375626A656374733D46:46303138
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D46:46303331
7375626A656374733D46:46303233
7375626A656374733D46:46303035
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D46:46303137
7375626A656374733D46:46303231
7375626A656374733D46:46303039
7375626A656374733D46:46303132
7375626A656374733D46:46303032
7375626A656374733D46:46303033
7375626A656374733D46:46303130
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The European Constitution and its Ratification Crisis. Constitutional Debates in the EU Member States. ZEI Discussion Papers C. 156, 2006
Authors, Numerous.
Ireland
Belgium
Italy
Denmark
Latvia
Estonia
Slovak Republic
Lithuania
Finland
Slovenia
Luxembourg
France
Cyprus
Spain
Netherlands
Malta
Germany
Sweden
Greece
Poland
Hungary
U.K.
Portugal
Czech Republic
Constitution for Europe
Austria
The following collection of papers examines the ratification process in each individual Member State, taking into consideration the most recent developments at the time of writing (January 2006). Furthermore, these papers discuss the position of party groups represented in the European Parliament on the Constitutional Treaty. The concise overview of the political and public debates on the Treaty, as well as the data collected on public opinion, shed light on the current state of the ratification process. The publication offers an analytical look into the constitutional moods of the 25 EU Member States and attempts to outline options for the future of the Constitutional Treaty. Table of Contents: Introduction; Constitutional Debates in Member States with a Referendum (individual chapters on Spain, France, The Netherlands, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, Portugal, Poland, Czech Republic, Great Britain); Constitutional Debates in “old“ Member States without Referendum (individual chapters on Austria, Italy, Belgium, Greece, Germany, Sweden, Finland); Constitutional debates in “new“ Member States without Referendum (individual chapters on Lithuania, Hungary, Slovenia, Slovakia, Latvia, Estonia, Malta, Cyprus); Constitutional Debates among the Factions in the European Parliament (individual chapters on Party Groups in the European Parliament, European People’s Party, Party of European Socialists, Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, The Greens/European Free Alliance, The European United Left – Nordic Green Left, Independence/Democracy Group, Union for Europe of the Nations); Conclusion.
Eschke, Nina
Malick, Thomas.
2006
Discussion Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6828/1/dp_c156_eschke_malick.pdf
Authors, Numerous. (2006) The European Constitution and its Ratification Crisis. Constitutional Debates in the EU Member States. ZEI Discussion Papers C. 156, 2006. [Discussion Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/6828/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6834
2011-02-15T22:44:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D41:41303239
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The Role of the French-German Couple in European Integration in Nineteennineties: Disruption or Continuity."
Deubner, Christian.
France
Germany
integration theory (see also researching and writing the EU in this section)
This paper is to explore a number of hypothesis concerning "The Role of the French-German couple in European integration in the nineteennineties". In utilizing different theoretical approaches to do this, it will hopefully be able to contribute also to the evolution of theory.
1993
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6834/1/002141.PDF
Deubner, Christian. (1993) "The Role of the French-German Couple in European Integration in Nineteennineties: Disruption or Continuity.". In: UNSPECIFIED, Fairfax, VA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/6834/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6914
2011-02-15T22:45:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C6166666169727362706561
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6C6F626279696E67696E746572657374726570726573656E746174696F6E
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Interest Groups in the Regions: Economic, Organizational, and Institutional Approaches"
Constantelos, John.
lobbying/interest representation
Italy
France
business/private economic activity
In this paper first I discuss how changes in the EU affect regional interest groups and then I present three approaches for explaining their responses: economic, organizational, and institutional. I proceed with an empirical test of the political institutional variable -- specifically, political decentralization -- in a bivariate analysis of regional interest group strategies. This is done in a paired multi-sectoral comparison of French and Italian business associations. The investigation uses a most similar case design; by conducting the research in similar border regions of similar countries, I ensure adequate control over alternative explanatory variables. The project is also designed as a "crucial case" comparison. There is a distinct, but relatively small, difference in the degree of regional autonomy in Italy and France, which makes for a demanding test of the neo-institutional approach. The data support the hypothesis that the territorial distribution of power has a significant effect on the strategies of regional economic interest groups.
1995
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6914/1/constantelos_john.pdf
Constantelos, John. (1995) "Interest Groups in the Regions: Economic, Organizational, and Institutional Approaches". In: UNSPECIFIED, Charleston, South Carolina. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/6914/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6922
2011-02-15T22:45:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:656661454D55454D536575726F
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The evolution of France's European monetary diplomacy"
Dillingham, Alan J.
France
EMU/EMS/euro
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
This paper seeks to shed light on the factors driving European monetary integration by examining changes in France's diplomacy towards this issue since 1969. Because France has long been the principal advocate of European monetary integration (indeed, the Maastricht Treaty itself is the result of a French diplomatic initiative launched in January 1988), the French case is certainly significant. However, the French case also presents an interesting paradox: Why has the European country most notoriously jealous of its national sovereignty also been the leading proponent for European monetary integration?
1995
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6922/1/dillingham_alan.pdf
Dillingham, Alan J. (1995) "The evolution of France's European monetary diplomacy". In: UNSPECIFIED, Charleston, South Carolina. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/6922/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6923
2011-02-15T22:45:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:656661454D55454D536575726F
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303038
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Slouching Towards Frankfurt to be Born: The Progress of EMU After Maastricht"
Dillingham, Alan J.
Maastricht Treaty
France
Germany
EMU/EMS/euro
This paper examines the nature and origins of the Maastricht bargain on EMU, shows how France and Germany successfully navigated the treaty through its ratification crisis. examines the effects the various EMS crises have had on the solidity of the Paris-Bonn axis, and discusses domestic factors within France and Germany that might threaten the commitment of either government to uphold the Maastricht bargain.
1995
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6923/1/dillingham_alan2.pdf
Dillingham, Alan J. (1995) "Slouching Towards Frankfurt to be Born: The Progress of EMU After Maastricht". In: UNSPECIFIED, Charleston, South Carolina. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/6923/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6944
2011-02-15T22:45:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The impact of European defence cooperation on French defence policy and planning"
Howorth, Joylon.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
France
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
There are several major difficulties in deconstructing the relationship between French and European defence and security policy. The first, and most obvious, is that European policy, in so far as it exists, is largely French in conception and impulsion. This has been the case virtually since 19441. However, and this is the second difficulty, incitements from Paris for Europe to "get its security act together", sustained and imperative though they have tended to be, are not necessarily paralleled by a tangible Europeanisation of French defence policy and planning. This leads to the third problem: the shortfall between discourse and reality. An uninformed observer called upon to read the major documents, texts and speeches emanating over the last few years from the command centres of French defence planning (Elysée, Matignon and rue Saint Dominique2) might be forgiven for believing that French and European defence policy were largely coterminous3. To an appreciable extent, France acts on defence and security policy as if it were acting for the whole of Europe. In large part, this is because France has a long historical tradition of calling the shots across the continent and there is no doubt that, in terms of resource inputs, military and industrial capacity and grandiose visions for the future, France is in a class of her own. But therein lies at least one problem. To put it at its most neutral, France's defence thinking on certain key issues (such as nuclear policy, alliance policy, resourcing and conscription) is visibly out of phase with that of the majority of her European partners. Where this is so, Paris tends to turn a blind eye and assume that "Europe" will sooner or later step in line. There is little doubt that France sees herself as playing the leading role in pushing European defence policy forward. Few would disagree. It remains to be seen how far she will prove successful in steering the continent along her own chosen course.
1995
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6944/1/howorth_jolyon.pdf
Howorth, Joylon. (1995) "The impact of European defence cooperation on French defence policy and planning". In: UNSPECIFIED, Charleston, South Carolina. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/6944/metadataPrefix%3Doai_dc%26offset%3D6945%26set%3D7375626A656374733D46%253A46303036