2024-03-29T02:03:51Zhttp://aei.pitt.edu/cgi/oai2
oai:aei.pitt.edu:288
2011-02-15T22:15:05Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303130
7375626A656374733D46:464B6F736F766F
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:636F6E726573
74797065733D64697363757373696F6E7061706572
The Stability pact for South Eastern Europe - potential, problems and perspectives. ZEI Discussion Papers: 1999, C 56
Biermann, Rafael
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
EU-South-Eastern Europe (Balkans)
Kosovo
UN
conflict resolution/crisis management
[From the Introduction]. 1. Europe and the Balkans at a cross-roads. Crises sometimes happen to be turning points in history, serving as eyeopeners that stimulate a fundamental reversal of behaviour. The Chinese language has created a symbol uniquely reflecting this reality: the ideogram for 'crisis' is composed of two characters which separately mean 'danger' and 'opportunity'. In retrospect, historians might view the date of 10 June 1999 as such a turning point in history, embodying both tragedy and hope. It was on this very day that the United Nations Security Council issued Resolution No. 1244, which finally put an end to the war in Kosovo; and on the same day a meeting of Foreign Ministers in Cologne, assembling representatives from 38 countries and 15 international organisations, formally endorsed the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, thus marking the start of a new phase in international Balkan politics.
1999
Discussion Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/288/1/dp_c56_biermann.pdf
Biermann, Rafael (1999) The Stability pact for South Eastern Europe - potential, problems and perspectives. ZEI Discussion Papers: 1999, C 56. [Discussion Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/288/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:450
2011-02-15T23:43:31Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:464
2011-02-15T23:43:33Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:465
2011-02-15T23:43:34Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:469
2011-02-15T23:43:36Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:537
2011-02-15T22:15:42Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:45303035
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
7375626A656374733D46:464B6F736F766F
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:636F6E726573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
The Trouble with Kosovo. EIPA Working Paper: 98/W/03
Duke, Simon
Kosovo
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
conflict resolution/crisis management
UN
NATO
[From the Introduction]. The troubles in Kosovo demonstrate that not only has Europe failed thus far to develop effective mechanisms to address the complex issues stemming from intra-state conflict, but it may lead to the fundamental redefinition of many central tenets of public international law, international relations, and international security. If NATO intervention takes place it will open up legal questions regarding sovereignty and thus statehood and will also lead to a protracted debate about the role of the United Nations (UN). Perhaps the time is long overdue for a debate on these issues in the post-cold war world, but Kosovo may prove to be the unwitting catalyst.
1998
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/537/1/98w03.pdf
Duke, Simon (1998) The Trouble with Kosovo. EIPA Working Paper: 98/W/03. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/537/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:608
2011-02-15T22:15:54Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
74797065733D61727469636C65
"The EU in the Economic and Social Arrangements of the United Nations System"
Taylor, Paul
UN
The article deals with the role of the EU in the Economic and Social arrangements of the United Nations system. Looking at the main UN organisations in the area of economic and social affairs concerned with development and humanitarian problems, the author identifies the relation of the EU and its member states to these bodies as a much neglected dimension of Europe’s external relations. He suggests a research agenda for exploring the changing pattern in the multilateral relationships in a range of the economic and social organisations of the United Nations. This, he argues, would move into new territory on relations between regional and global international institutions. In this context, the symbiotic relationship between regionalisation and globalisation could be spelled out in unusually specific terms.
European Political-economy Infrastructure Consortium (EPIC)
Schwarzer, Daniela
Tulmets, Elsa
2003-03
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/608/1/taylor.pdf
Taylor, Paul (2003) "The EU in the Economic and Social Arrangements of the United Nations System". European Political Economy Review, 1 (1). 056-064.
http://aei.pitt.edu/608/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:667
2011-02-15T23:43:59Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:681
2011-02-15T23:44:06Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:687
2011-02-15T23:44:08Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:692
2011-02-15T23:44:11Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:701
2011-02-15T23:44:14Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:1613
2011-02-15T23:44:50Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:1615
2011-02-15T23:44:51Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2251
2011-02-15T22:21:54Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303132
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
“The CISG, the European Court of Justice and the Search for Legal Uniformity”
Curran, Vivian Grosswald.
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
UN
European Court of Justice/Court of First Instance
First, there are inevitable problems of judicial interpretation itself within each national legal system regardless of the source of the governing legal authority, such that, even within a given legal system, legal uniformity remains an unrealized ideal rather than an achievable practice. Second, tensions often exist between what judges may perceive to be an objective interpretation of the CISG text, and what they consider fairness and justice to require in a pending case. Third, problems surround the mythology that the CISG is a single text, when in fact in all of its versions it is a translated text, published in more than one official and unofficial language translations, with both intentional and unintentional substantive disparities appearing in its different language versions (Flechtner, J. Law & Comm.). Fourth, differences in legal traditions, cultures and practices are such that concepts of legal phenomena as basic as “trials” and “contracts” fail to denote the same concepts in different languages, despite the ease with which a translator may pick an allegedly equivalent word in a different language. Fifth, differences abound in what are considered primary and secondary sources of legal authority. These differences are particularly vivid between civil-law and common-law legal systems.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2251/1/002210_1.PDF
Curran, Vivian Grosswald. (1999) “The CISG, the European Court of Justice and the Search for Legal Uniformity”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2251/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2902
2011-02-15T22:24:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E646572706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303132
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:636F6E726573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Girl power and gender mainstreaming. Looking for peace in new places through an EU lens"
Mushaben, Joyce Marie.
development
conflict resolution/crisis management
UN
Germany
gender policy/equal opportunity
This paper begins with a few reflections as to why most international peace-keeping missions have consistently failed since the miraculously peaceful fall of the Berlin Wall and the Iron Curtain, 1989/90. I briefly review the concept of gender mainstreaming, adopted by the EU in 1995, subsequent to EU women's participation in the 1995 UN Beijing Conference. Next I address presumed linkages between sustainable development and sustainable peace that have increasingly shaped both the UN and EU approaches to Third World countries over the last decade-not at all coincidentally, the very period during which women have assumed prominent positions at the international and supranational levels. I then examine the ways in which EU policy-makers have sought to concert gender, development and sustainable peace in accordance with 'Beijing plus 5" norms. Finally, I present a mini-case study of German efforts to operationalize these norms under a Red-Green government since 1998, driven by a critical mass of foreign ministers.
2003
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2902/1/141.pdf
Mushaben, Joyce Marie. (2003) "Girl power and gender mainstreaming. Looking for peace in new places through an EU lens". In: UNSPECIFIED. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2902/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2990
2011-02-15T22:24:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303039
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D41:41303239
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The Institutional Construction of EU Foreign Policy: CFSP and the International Criminal Court"
Thomas, Daniel C.
EU-US
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
UN
integration theory (see also researching and writing the EU in this section)
[From the Introduction]. This paper introduces Intergovernmentalist and Institutionalist theories of EU foreign policymaking, and then evaluates their explanatory power in light of two case studies of EU cooperation on a high salience issue – how to respond to the United States' quest for immunity from the International Criminal Court, first through a United Nations Security Council resolution, and then through bilateral agreements. In both cases, member-state preferences diverged considerably. However, the first case involves cooperation among EU member states outside the institutions and process of the CFSP, while the second case involves cooperation within the CFSP. While this case selection does not represent the universe of EU foreign policy actions, tracing the policy-making process and comparing the policy outcomes in the two cases contributes to theory development by demonstrating the plausibility of both theories under specified conditions (George and McKeown 1985).
2005
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
text/plain
http://aei.pitt.edu/2990/1/Institutional_Construction_of_EU_Foreign_Policy_EUSA_2005.txt
application/msword
http://aei.pitt.edu/2990/2/Institutional_Construction_of_EU_Foreign_Policy_EUSA_2005.doc
Thomas, Daniel C. (2005) "The Institutional Construction of EU Foreign Policy: CFSP and the International Criminal Court". In: UNSPECIFIED, Austin, Texas. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2990/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:3058
2011-02-15T22:25:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:45303035
7375626A656374733D46:46303338
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303039
7375626A656374733D46:464B6F736F766F
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:636F6E726573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The European Union, The United States & 'Liberal Imperialism'"
Brenner, Michael.
EU-US
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
Kosovo
UN
conflict resolution/crisis management
Bosnia/Herzegovina
NATO
[From the Introduction]. The Iraq crisis has been a stress test for the transatlantic partners. It is the latest in a series that at once has been revealing and redefining their relationship since the Cold War’s end. The first Gulf War, Bosnia, Kosovo: each measured the ability of Americans and Europeans to continue working effectively together. Each highlighted distinctive habits of national mind and action obscured by the exigencies of the Cold War. Each raised pointed questions about the pattern of interaction between the United States and its major allies. Each provided insights into the capabilities, limitations, and internal stresses of multilateral organizations: NATO, the EU, the United Nations. Each altered attitudes and images in ways that affected how the next crisis was handled. The strains generated by Iraq II are more grievous, and the ramifications consequentially will be more far-reaching, for two reasons. The deviation from the normal modes of address was so extreme, and the divisions so acute, that the Alliance’s viability as the premier institution for Euro-American cooperation was called into question. Moreover, the crisis raised strategic issues of supreme importance so that differences could not be finessed. Either common ground will be found or the Alliance will founder. Current attempts at effecting a reconciliation quicken our interest in assessing Euro-American futures. The challenge is to define viable terms of a renewed partnership while seeking consensus on a security agenda dominated by a novel set of issues. A salutary first step is to take a searching look at assumptions that shape the present discourse.
2005
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
text/plain
http://aei.pitt.edu/3058/1/EUSA%2D055TX.txt
application/msword
http://aei.pitt.edu/3058/2/EUSA%2D055TX.doc
Brenner, Michael. (2005) "The European Union, The United States & 'Liberal Imperialism'". In: UNSPECIFIED, Austin, Texas. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/3058/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:3075
2011-02-15T22:25:20Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Effective Multilateralism and Collective Security: Empowering the UN". [also IIEB Working Paper, No. 16, March 2005]
Biscop, Sven
Drieskens, Edith.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
UN
[From the Introduction]. The European Security Strategy (ESS), the first ever common strategic document of the EU, adopted by the European Council in December 2003, accords a central place to the collective security system of the UN. The best way of summarizing the ESS is through ‘effective multilateralism’, the last of the three strategic objectives that the document outlines. ‘Effective multilateralism’, defined by the ESS as ‘the development of a stronger international society, well functioning international institutions and a rule-based international order’, concerns the global order, the world system itself. As such, it aims to address the long-term underlying factors determining peace and security (Biscop, 2005). At the same time the Strategy strongly stresses that for ‘international organisations, regimes and treaties to be effective’ the EU must be ‘ready to act when their rules are broken’. ‘Effective multilateralism’ thus appears to imply enforceable multilateralism. In the words of Christoph Heusgen (2004, p.7), Director of the Policy Unit of High Representative Javier Solana: ‘Military intervention, however, is only the last resort of EU policy’. The emphasis clearly is on long-term stabilization and on a gradual approach towards – emerging – crises putting to use the full range of instruments at the disposal of the EU.
2005
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/3075/1/IIEBWP016%2DDRIESKENS%2DBISCOP.pdf
Biscop, Sven and Drieskens, Edith. (2005) "Effective Multilateralism and Collective Security: Empowering the UN". [also IIEB Working Paper, No. 16, March 2005]. In: UNSPECIFIED, Austin, Texas. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/3075/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:3389
2011-02-15T23:45:11Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:3393
2011-02-15T23:45:14Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:4138
2011-02-15T22:30:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:45303035
7375626A656374733D45:45303039
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Security Threats, Institutional Response and Governance"
Kirchner, Emil.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
OSCE/Helsinki Process/CSCE
UN
NATO
The purpose of this paper is to examine how the lead security organisations (NATO, EU, OSCE and UN) react to specific types of security threat, contribute to a range of security governance functions, coordinate their activities within the system of European security governance, and collectively contribute to purposive security governance. It seeks to explore the strengths and weaknesses of these four security organisations in carrying out security functions, such as conflict prevention, peace-enforcement, peace-keeping and peace building. A further aim will be to examine the areas where coordination between security organisations has either failed or taken place, and investigate the factors which either promote or inhibit cooperation among the security organisations. The article suggests that the concept of security governance, although complex in its application, offers certain advantages for the study of security that are not evident in other international relations approaches; significantly the ability to identify security threats more clearly, and to assess more effectively how security threats are managed in a multi-level and multi-actor setting.
2005
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
text/plain
http://aei.pitt.edu/4138/1/EUSA05%2Dpaper.txt
application/msword
http://aei.pitt.edu/4138/2/EUSA05%2Dpaper.doc
Kirchner, Emil. (2005) "Security Threats, Institutional Response and Governance". In: UNSPECIFIED, Austin, Texas. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/4138/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:5723
2011-02-15T23:45:40Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6167
2017-12-14T16:07:33Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
EU Participation in the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions: Some Constitutional Remarks. EDAP 3/2005
Ferri, Delia.
culture policy
UN
Culture, in its prescriptive definition, is crucial concept for building a peaceful and open Europe as envisaged in the EC and EU Treaties, as well as in the Constitutional Treaty. For this reason, just after the third phase of intergovernmental negotiations that took place from 25 May to 4 June 2005, and with regard to the complexity and changing dimensions of this issue, it is important to underscore the significance of cultural diversity for European polity. More precisely, it seems useful to consider more deeply what is happening in the UNESCO seat in the context the EU/EC as a “cultural democracy” through analysis of the present juridical status of competence within the European system in the cultural field. First, however, special attention should be paid to this Convention because it seems to represent an important step towards unified international action, also within the sensitive and peculiar field of culture. After a critical overview, this article focuses on the participation of the EU/EC in this negotiation, regarding it as a paradigmatic example of European action in an international forum and, at the same time, as a factor for the restructuring of competences within the European Community/Union system. The paper argues that the substantial re-allocation of competences in the cultural field emerging during these negotiations points towards a more pluralistic shape of the EU/EC, and can easily represent a new trend in cultural action, characterized by the dialectical tension between cultural regulation and freedom of culture.
Lantschner, Emma
Palermo, Francesco
Toggenburg, Gabriel N.
2005
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6167/1/2005_edap03.pdf
Ferri, Delia. (2005) EU Participation in the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions: Some Constitutional Remarks. EDAP 3/2005. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/6167/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6519
2011-02-15T22:42:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303039
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The similarities and differences of the EU and U.S. foreign policies: Empirical indicators from the UN General Assembly”
Luif, Paul.
EU-US
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
UN
This paper tries to illustrate EU-U.S. relations with the help of an empirical-quantitative analysis of the voting behavior of the EU member states and the U.S in the General Assembly of the United Nations. There exists a large amount of data which was analyzed in the 1950s and 1960s, at the height of the behavioralist school in U.S. political science, but has been rarely used since then. A reason for that could be the "stagnation" and finally the "decline" of the UN General Assembly. It has been less and less able to satisfy its members. The Third World countries have become disillusioned. The United States has even become hostile. In addition, one should not forget that the General Assembly can only pass recommendations and not legally binding texts. The "irrelevance" of the General Assembly makes its decision-making processes part of the "low politics." It is the task of the specialists and diplomatic "technicians" in New York to negotiate and find solutions. Rarely the member state capitals are involved in the decision-making. Therefore, the voting in the UN General Assembly can be regarded as a "routine" presentation of the interests of the member states. The results of the present study, thus, cannot be directly exploited for more dramatic and politically sensitive situations.
2003
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6519/1/001503_1.pdf
Luif, Paul. (2003) "The similarities and differences of the EU and U.S. foreign policies: Empirical indicators from the UN General Assembly”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Nashville, TN. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/6519/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6671
2011-02-15T22:43:50Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F7067646D706D
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303230
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
The EU as an ‘Intergovernmental’ Actor in Foreign Affairs: Case Studies of the International Criminal Court and the Kyoto Protocol. CEPS Working Documents No. 228, 1 August 2005
Groenleer, Martijn L.P.
van Schaik, Louise G.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
UN
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
environmental policy (including international arena)
decision making/policy-making
This paper examines the relationship between the institutional set-up of the EU policy-making process and the international actorness of the EU in two cases: the establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the negotiations in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on the implementation details of the Kyoto Protocol. In both cases, the EU policy-making process is distinctly intergovernmental with a limited role for the supranational EU institutions (the European Parliament and the European Commission) and a large role for EU member states and the Council Presidency. Yet, in both cases, the EU operates with a high degree of international actorness. We argue that this is so not only because member states had similar preferences on the issue of climate change and international criminal justice, and because formal rules, legal competences and decision-making procedures had a mediating effect. The high degree of international actorness in both cases can also be explained by processes of social interaction amongst EU member states and between EU member states and non-EU and non-state actors through which preferences converged.
2005-08
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6671/1/1256_228.pdf
Groenleer, Martijn L.P. and van Schaik, Louise G. (2005) The EU as an ‘Intergovernmental’ Actor in Foreign Affairs: Case Studies of the International Criminal Court and the Kyoto Protocol. CEPS Working Documents No. 228, 1 August 2005. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/6671/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7035
2013-11-03T02:17:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:45303036
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303230
7375626A656374733D41:41303239
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"A Comparative Institutional Analysis of International Organizations and Their Environmental Policy Making"
Zito, Anthony R.
integration theory (see also researching and writing the EU in this section)
environmental policy (including international arena)
OECD
UN
Robert Putnam's "two level game" approach has had a particular impact on recent international relations theory. Putnam's article presents a provocative and persuasive understanding of the relationship between the international behavior of states and the domestic institutional and political situation. This renewed focus on the domestic political impact is an extremely praiseworthy development, which complements rather than contradicts the orientation found in this paper. This paper contends that international relations should make a parallel effort to "bring back" institutional analysis of how the formal structures of international organizations shape and constrain state behavior. In order to advance this institutional perspective, the analysis of international organization structure is combined with the insights of the "new institutional" approach and while a tradition studying formal international organizations structures does exist, little of it has made explicit comparison about how different organizations' structures influence international behavior. This paper makes a comparison between the European Union, a very special kind of regional organization, and three more traditional intemational organizations: (I) the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), (2) the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), and (3) the Organization for the Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The paper examines how these three intemational organizations and one regional organization have tackled environmental policy issues, a policy interest which all four organizations have in common. The fundamental argument is that the European Union represents a very different breed of political organization from the traditionally defined "international organizations."
1995
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7035/1/zito_anthony_r.pdf
Zito, Anthony R. (1995) "A Comparative Institutional Analysis of International Organizations and Their Environmental Policy Making". In: UNSPECIFIED, Charleston, South Carolina. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/7035/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7048
2012-01-26T02:13:07Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:494C4F
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303035
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D46:46303139
74797065733D61727469636C65
Special Issue - Six articles on immigration policy.
Geiger, Martin
Ruspini, Paolo
Baldwin-Edwards, Martin
van Krieken, Peter
Nicolescu, Luminita
Constantin, Daniela Luminita
Ghetau, Vasile.
EU-South-Eastern Europe (Balkans)
EU-Central and Eastern Europe
enlargement
general
immigration policy
ILO
Romania
UN
The Romanian Journal of European Studies No.4/2005 ISSN 1583 - 199X. EUV - Editura Universitatii de Vest, Timisoara, 2005 The British Coucil in Bucharest and The School of High Comparative European Studies (SISEC), within the West University of Timisoara, edited The Romanian Journal of European Studies No.4/2005 - special issue on migration and mobility (Guest editor: Mr. Martin GEIGER, Bonn University, Germany; contact: mg.migration@googlemail.com). CONTENTS: Foreword; Grigore Silasi ... page 5 Editorial; Martin Geiger ... pages 7 - 8 Forms and Features of the Post-Enlargement Migration Space; Paolo Ruspini ... pages 9 - 18 Managing Migration for an Enlarging Europe - Inter-governmental Organizations and the Governance of the Migration Flows; Martin Geiger ... pages 19 - 30 Balkan Migrations and The European Union: Patterns and Trends; Martin Baldwin-Edwards ... pages 31 - 43 Workers' Mobility': Europe's Integration and Second Thoughts; Peter van Krieken ... pages 45 - 53 Romania's External Migration in the Context of Accesion to the EU: Mechanisms, Institutions and Social-Cultural Issues; Luminita Nicolescu, Daniela-Luminita Constantin ... pages 55 - 63 Migrations et incidence sur la répartition spatiale de la population en Roumanie au niveau national et régional; Vasile Ghetau ... pages 65 - 83
EUV - Editura Universitatii de Vest, Timisoara, Romania
Geiger, Martin.
2006-06
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7048/1/RJES_4%2D2005_migration.pdf
Geiger, Martin and Ruspini, Paolo and Baldwin-Edwards, Martin and van Krieken, Peter and Nicolescu, Luminita and Constantin, Daniela Luminita and Ghetau, Vasile. (2006) Special Issue - Six articles on immigration policy. The Romanian Journal of European Studies (4/2005). ISSN 1583-199X
http://aei.pitt.edu/7048/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7065
2011-02-15T22:46:08Z
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"Assessing EU foreign policy in the UN: capacity, identity, and context."
Laatikainen, Katie Verlin.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
UN
[From the Introduction]. This paper explores the growing role of the European Union within the United Nations by establishing its capacity, identity, and context. The first and largest part of the paper uses the concept of "actorness" developed by Caporaso and Jupille to provide empirical evidence of the growing capacity of the EU to speak with one voice at the UN (Caporaso and Jupille, 1998). The authority, cohesion, recognition and autonomy of the EU as an actor in its own right are detailed and it is shown that while the EU foreign policy within the EU is authoritative, cohesive and broadly recognized, the' autonomy of the EU as an actor remains problematic. The paper then explores the identity of the EU with in the UN, its corporate identity. EU foreign policy represents particular values quite often associated with the notion of "civilian power." Finally, the last section of the paper explores the context of United Nations for EU foreign policy. The multilateral environment, as opposed to EU "bilateral" or regional relations, is particularly congenial for the articulation of a common foreign policy. In addition, there are institutional factors that account for the expanding scope of EU influence in the world body. The paper makes extensive use of UN documents to present the growing capacity of the EU as well as dozens of interviews conducted in New York over the past three and a half years to gauge the impact of the EU's foreign policy in the UN context.
2003
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7065/1/000441_1.PDF
Laatikainen, Katie Verlin. (2003) "Assessing EU foreign policy in the UN: capacity, identity, and context.". In: UNSPECIFIED, Nashville, Tennessee. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/7065/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7256
2011-02-15T22:47:13Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303439
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65666167656E6572616C
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7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303132
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74797065733D70726F63656564696E6773
Europe: Space of Freedom and Security. MIGRATION AND MOBILITY: ASSETS AND CHALLENGES FOR THE ENLARGEMENT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. Proceedings of the international colloquium to celebrate Europe Day, held on 4–5 May 2006 in Timisoara, Romania
OECD
regional policy/structural funds
cohesion policy
regionalism, international
development
EU-Central and Eastern Europe
employment/unemployment
general
founding Treaties
immigration policy
ILO
Council of Europe
UN
education policy/vocational training
general
The Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence and the School of High Comparative European Studies (SISEC), both within the West University of Timisoara, Romania, jointly proposed the launching of the scientific debate on the migration and mobility within the Romanian universities, the academic life and among the policies and decision makers in Romania. The International Colloquium "Migration and Mobility: Assets and Challenges for the Enlargement of the European Union" proposed for 4-5 of May 2006 was part of the SISEC bi-annual project EUROPE: SPACE OF FREEDOM AND SECURITY, dedicated to study of European Affairs, with focus on migration and mobility, in the framework of the European Year of Workers’ Mobility 2006. We invited both renowned experts on migration and mobility, and PhD students interested in this respect. The countries with researchers invited to be part in this event were: Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, India, Italy, Kosovo, Moldova, Romania, The Netherlands and the United States of America.
Editura Universitatii de Vest
Silasi, Grigore
Simina, Ovidiu Laurian.
2006
Conference Proceedings
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7256/1/SISEC_2006_Brosura.pdf
UNSPECIFIED (2006) Europe: Space of Freedom and Security. MIGRATION AND MOBILITY: ASSETS AND CHALLENGES FOR THE ENLARGEMENT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. Proceedings of the international colloquium to celebrate Europe Day, held on 4–5 May 2006 in Timisoara, Romania. [Conference Proceedings] (In Press)
http://aei.pitt.edu/7256/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7273
2011-02-15T22:47:18Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303035
7375626A656374733D46:46303234
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D46:4E6F7264696361726561
7375626A656374733D46:46303033
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Norden's Eclipse: The Impact of Europe's Common Foreign and Security Policy on Nordic Cooperation in the United Nations"
Laatikainen, Katie Verlin.
Nordic area
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
Denmark
Finland
UN
Sweden
[From the Introduction]. The first section of this paper reviews the tradition of Nordic collaboration in the United Nations. The substance of the Nordic profile is identified and the norms and principles of Nordic collaboration are assessed. The Nordics have created a unique position within the bloc system of politics within the UN, and it is this independent Nordic position in world politics that is threatened by Europeanization. The second part of the paper details the intensifisation of European foreign policy coordination, from the practices of the EPC to the innovations of the Amsterdam Treaty of 1997 which introduced greater flexibility in European foreign policy making. The increased role of a single EU voice in international organisations is presented. In the final section of the paper the impact of intensified European foreign policy coordination on Nordic foreign policy cooperation is assessed. Empirical data demonstrating the dramatic cessation of common Nordic initiatives within the UN is compared to the steady growth of European initiatives. Interviews with Nordic delegates at the United Nations reveal the impact of variant EU memberhip on the traditional practices of Nordic collaboration.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7273/1/Laatikainen.pdf
Laatikainen, Katie Verlin. (1999) "Norden's Eclipse: The Impact of Europe's Common Foreign and Security Policy on Nordic Cooperation in the United Nations". In: UNSPECIFIED. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/7273/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7417
2011-02-15T23:46:18Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7538
2011-02-15T22:48:44Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:464B6F736F766F
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:636F6E726573
7375626A656374733D45:45303035
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
Kosovo and the Principles of Just Secession. CEPS Policy Brief No. 146, 3 December 2007
Coppieters, Bruno.
Kosovo
UN
conflict resolution/crisis management
NATO
Kosovo has raised three international debates. Firstly, NATO’s decision in March 1999 to go to war over Kosovo created a deep division within the United Nations. The second debate was about the creation of an international administration for Kosovo and the third is now about the future status of the territory. The six ‘just war’ principles – a just cause, last resort, likelihood of success, proportionality, right intentions and legitimate authority – are traditionally applied to war settings in order to assess the legitimacy of the use of force. They can be also used to answer the question of the extent to which the Kosovo conflict can serve as a political model for forceful external involvement in a secessionist crisis with severe humanitarian consequences. But these six jus ad bellum principles can also be of heuristic value for dealing with the legitimacy of the creation of an international administration in Kosovo, and with Kosovo’s right to unilateral secession and its recognition by other states.
2007-12
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7538/1/146.pdf
Coppieters, Bruno. (2007) Kosovo and the Principles of Just Secession. CEPS Policy Brief No. 146, 3 December 2007. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/7538/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7622
2011-02-15T22:49:13Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303039
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:636F6E726573
7375626A656374733D45:45303035
74797065733D64697363757373696F6E7061706572
"NATO and the EU: Managing the Frozen Conflict. Test Case Afghanistan." ZEI Discussion Paper No. 178, 2007
Hughes, Peter.
EU-US
UN
conflict resolution/crisis management
NATO
[From the Introduction]. The new, global international security threats of the twenty-first century, including terrorism, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), failed states, energy security, and cyber terrorism, among others, have drastically affected, challenged, and changed the transatlantic relationship that existed during the Cold War. With the fall of the Soviet Union, the future role and relevance of the major forum for transatlantic security policy and relations (and the primary instrument for strategic consensus-building within the transatlantic community), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), was called into question; however it was able to find a new mission in integrating the former communist countries of Eastern Europe into the West. Following the 9/11/2001 attacks on the United States (US), the future of NATO was once again called into question as the Bush administration downplayed the importance and role of NATO for US policy. More recently, however, the Bush administration has sought to reconcile differences and strengthen transatlantic relations by demonstrating its commitment to the Alliance, especially its support for the critical United Nations (UN) mandated NATO International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) mission in Afghanistan.1
2007
Discussion Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7622/1/dp_c178hughes.pdf
Hughes, Peter. (2007) "NATO and the EU: Managing the Frozen Conflict. Test Case Afghanistan." ZEI Discussion Paper No. 178, 2007. [Discussion Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/7622/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7686
2011-02-15T22:49:31Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:443030313033394575726F7065616E636974697A656E73686970
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Supranational citizenship-building and the UN: What can we learn from the European experience?
Auvachez, Elise.
European citizenship
UN
[From the introduction] The word “supranational citizenship” or “UN citizenship” is not yet part of the United Nations’ usual vocabulary. The use of the “citizenship” concept in UN discourse is quasi-exclusively limited to the national context, a definition of citizenship bounded by state borders (Delcourt, 2006: 187). Must we therefore conclude that the UN is not “making citizenship” at all? Given that the notions of “supranational” or “UN citizenship” are absent from the United Nations’ official discourse, the answer seems obviously to be YES. Yet, consideration of the European experience demonstrates that this response may be too hasty. The example of the EU, and some work on European citizenship, suggest another answer to this question. The aim of the present paper is to show that, just as the European Union was making citizenship well before the Maastricht Treaty mentioned European citizenship, the United Nations system is a supranational framework that is beginning to engage a process of citizenisation. Based on a large and dynamic conception of citizenship, defined as a double relation - between citizens and between citizens and a political entity - characterized by rights, access to institutions and belonging to a community (Jenson and Phillips, 1996; Wiener 1998; Bellamy, 2005; Auvachez, 2006), this paper proceeds in two steps. First, it demonstrates how the European experience provides a significant precedent to deal with the issue of citizenisation in a supranational context, both empirically and theoretically. Then, it sheds light on the emergence of elements of a UN citizenship regime often neglected by mainstream theories of supranational citizenship.
2007
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7686/1/auvachez%2De%2D07e.pdf
Auvachez, Elise. (2007) Supranational citizenship-building and the UN: What can we learn from the European experience? In: UNSPECIFIED, Montreal, Canada. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/7686/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7710
2011-02-15T22:49:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D41:414E474F73
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D41:41303239
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
An Evolving Coalition: the role of the EU and NGOs at the 2006 UN Review Conference on Small Arms and Light Weapons
Bouchard, Caroline,
Alcalde, Javier.
NGOs
integration theory (see also researching and writing the EU in this section)
UN
This paper explores the conditions that influenced the relationship between the EU and NGOs and their mutual success in a case of human security negotiations: the 2006 UN Small Arms Review Conference (RevCon). The uncontrolled spread of small arms and light weapons (SALW) is considered a direct threat to human security. The EU has presented itself as a leader in the fight against the proliferation of SALW and has emphasized the need to work in partnership with civil society to address this issue. This paper suggests that the EU and NGOs under the umbrella organization IANSA (International Action Network on Small Arms) appeared to present a united front and to form a coalition at the Review Conference. However, the partnership between the EU and NGOs was unsuccessful: the RevCon was not able to adopt a final document. This paper uses a multi-level game approach and the literature on coalitions in multilateral negotiations to analyze EU-NGO interactions during negotiations at the RevCon. The paper argues that the EU’s willingness to listen to NGOs did not transform itself into formal cooperation: no plan of action was agreed between these two actors. It also suggests that while NGOs intensely lobbied several key EU member states, the NGOs’ approach towards the EU as a collective actor was much weaker. Ultimately, the coalition formed by the EU and NGOs also failed to acquire the support of key players, particularly the United States. Finally, this paper highlights that the negotiations process can have a direct influence on the EU’s relationship with NGOs: the consensus rule of the Review Conference directly affected their mutual success.
2007
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7710/1/EUSA%2DBouchard%2DAlcalde%2DPanel4I%2Drevised.pdf
Bouchard, Caroline, and Alcalde, Javier. (2007) An Evolving Coalition: the role of the EU and NGOs at the 2006 UN Review Conference on Small Arms and Light Weapons. In: UNSPECIFIED, Montreal, Canada. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/7710/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7923
2011-02-15T22:51:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303039
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D45:45303035
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Integrating the EU International Approach: Complexity, Flexibility and Responsibility
Johnston, Mary.
EU-US
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
UN
NATO
[From the introduction]. At most, other countries in the world view the EU as a selective and inconsistent “soft power” actor that often cannot reach a consensus even for this application of power. At least, especially in circles in the United States that focus almost exclusively on the “military” War on Terror, the EU is seen as a non-actor. This paper maintains that the EU role is under-valued for many reasons. Much of the work the EU does in international relations is behind-the-scenes in “contact” and other informal groups. Other joint actions it takes may not be directly attributable to the EU because the mode of cooperation may be played outside this framework, for example, the EU in NATO, in the United Nations, in transatlantic relations and other contexts. Furthermore, this paper maintains that the EU is a significant actor, and its significance is growing as security threats take new forms.
2007
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7923/1/johnston%2Dm%2D10h.pdf
Johnston, Mary. (2007) Integrating the EU International Approach: Complexity, Flexibility and Responsibility. In: UNSPECIFIED, Montreal, Canada. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/7923/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7960
2011-02-15T22:51:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The EU and the Reform of the UN Security Council: Assessing the Impact on CFSP"
Marchesi, Daniele.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
UN
[From the introduction]. This paper explores the links between the reform of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), and the process of transformation of the European Union. Its purpose is to assess the impact of a possible future reform on the development of the Common Foreign and Security Policy. The reform of the UN has reached a crucial phase during the Millennium Summit of September 2005, but a decision on the problem of the UNSC has been postponed indefinitely. Negotiations continue without result, with the usual opposition between states wanting an expansion in new permanent members and states wanting only non-permanent new seats. Yet, the Council needs to be reformed urgently as it is losing both its legitimacy and effectiveness as the institution having primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. As the German ambassador to the UN put it, in the context of the overall effort to restructure the UN in the new post-Cold War order, the unreformed UNSC “sticks out like a sore thumb.”
2007
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7960/1/marchesi%2Dd%2D01i.pdf
Marchesi, Daniele. (2007) "The EU and the Reform of the UN Security Council: Assessing the Impact on CFSP". In: UNSPECIFIED, Montreal, Canada. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/7960/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7972
2011-02-15T22:51:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303133
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
The Troika and Iran: France’s Contributions to EU3 Nuclear Diplomacy Theory Encounters the Real World of Multilateral Negotiations
Mazzucelli, Colette.
U.K.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
UN
EU-Middle East
France
Germany
[From the introduction]. Given present concerns about proliferation in the Middle East, it is useful to inquire as to the influence of a sub-group of European Union (EU) member states in the negotiation process with Iran. These negotiations, which began in 2002-2003, address the issue of nuclear diplomacy. This paper concentrates on France’s contributions within the Troika. This is a sub-group consisting of the 'big Three,' Britain, France and Germany, which focus their diplomatic efforts in a unique, ad hoc case in the Union’s external security. This analysis is a response to the lack of theoretical literature concerning the actual process of the multilateral negotiations on nuclear issues between the EU3 and Iran. In this context, we must distinguish between the early agreements that were achieved between the EU3 and Iran during 2003 and 2004, and the stalemate that followed, which led to the imposition of sanctions against Iran by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) in 2006 and 2007.
2007
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7972/1/mazzucelli%2Dc%2D10h.pdf
Mazzucelli, Colette. (2007) The Troika and Iran: France’s Contributions to EU3 Nuclear Diplomacy Theory Encounters the Real World of Multilateral Negotiations. In: UNSPECIFIED, Montreal, Canada. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/7972/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:8029
2011-02-15T22:51:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:4430303268726469
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
EU at the UN: The Effects of its New Rights Agenda on International Social Structures
Yoshihara, Susan,
Sylva, Douglas.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
human rights & democracy initiatives
UN
This study seeks to determine the effect of the EU’s human rights agenda on the international institution of human rights, and the resulting effect on interstate society. To do this, the study examines the way the EU has promoted new norms of gender and the family at the ECOSOC third committee. Using Barry Buzan’s concept of vanguard theory of international social structures, it identifies a trend toward more contested norms that require coercive measures to promote as human rights. As illuminated by the vanguard theory, this is likely to result in the weakening human rights as an international institution, and precipitate a more pluralist international society.
2007
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/8029/1/yoshihara%2Ds%2D04i.pdf
Yoshihara, Susan, and Sylva, Douglas. (2007) EU at the UN: The Effects of its New Rights Agenda on International Social Structures. In: UNSPECIFIED, Montreal, Canada. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/8029/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:8060
2011-02-15T22:51:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D746572726F7269736D
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Hitting the right target: EU and Security Council pursuit of terrorist financing
Vlcek, William.
UN
terrorism
Targeted sanctions originated as a more refined tactic in response to humanitarian concerns over the unintended consequences connected to comprehensive trade embargo sanctions. Extending targeted sanctions to include terrorism produced further unintended consequences, in particular the faulty identification of sanction targets. This paper looks at one specific case of targeted sanctions against the financing of terrorism in order to study the position of the European Union at the United Nations Security Council. The listing of the Somali money transfer firm al Barakaat raised a number of issues involving the use of sanctions against non-state actors. It also provoked a legal challenge against the EU’s implementation of these targeted sanctions, which in turn has been portrayed as a challenge to the use of targeted sanctions by the Security Council to maintain international peace and security. This paper considers first the development of targeted sanctions, then EU Presidency statements at the United Nations concerning terrorism followed by a brief summary of the al Barakaat case, which motivated a number of changes in the sanctions process. Following the discussion is an assessment of the damage incurred from the misidentification of al Barakaat as a source of terrorist financing and several concluding thoughts on the location of the EU in the use of sanctions against terrorism. The central point here is the same as that frequently stated by the EU Presidency, that targeted sanctions must ensue from due process and the rule of law, whatever the venue, in order to protect human rights.
2007
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/8060/1/vlcek%2Dw%2D09h.pdf
Vlcek, William. (2007) Hitting the right target: EU and Security Council pursuit of terrorist financing. In: UNSPECIFIED, Montreal, Canada. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/8060/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:8198
2011-02-15T22:52:45Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303039
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303133
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
EU3-Iranian Nuclear Diplomacy: Implications for US Policy in the Middle East. EUMA Papers, Vol. 4 No. 6 March 2007
Mazzucelli, Colette.
EU-US
U.K.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
UN
EU-Middle East
France
Germany
[Introduction]. Given present concerns about proliferation in the Middle East, it is useful to analyze the impact of EU3-Iranian nuclear diplomacy starting in 2002-2003 and assess its implications for US regional policy. A logical place to start is Waltz’s third image,1 the international system, which influenced the Europeans to engage Iran. In order to understand the nature of negotiations about nuclear politics, it is essential to consider that our understanding of the internal context within Iran is defined by bounded rationality. The dynamics of the 2003 agreement with Tehran provide a point of reference before considering the ways in which Iranian domestic changes impacted on the Europeans diplomatic efforts over time, including the leadership demonstrated by an influential negotiator, High Representative Javier Solana. The focus is on the Iranian decision to enrich uranium. Action taken by the Europeans as well as the United States, Russia, and China to refer Iran to the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) and to impose sanctions on the regime in December 2006 illustrates the limits of EU3 diplomacy. The discussion closes with a perspective on the latest step at the United Nations in terms of US regional policy as the conflict with Iraq continues.
2007-03
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/8198/1/Mazzucelli%2DIranEUMA_edi.pdf
Mazzucelli, Colette. (2007) EU3-Iranian Nuclear Diplomacy: Implications for US Policy in the Middle East. EUMA Papers, Vol. 4 No. 6 March 2007. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/8198/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:8211
2011-02-15T22:52:50Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D41:414E474F73
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
A Comparison of the Role of Entity Actors in the United Nations: An Intergovernmental Organization (by Example of the European Union) vs. Non-Governmental Organizations. EUMA Papers, Vol. 7, No. 18 September 2007
Boening, Astrid B.
UN
NGOs
[From the introduction]. The UN is one of the key multi-lateral, global institutions. In this paper I contrast the roles of two types of entity actors at the United Nations (UN): an intergovernmental organization (IGO) by example of the European Union (EU) (and/or its relevant predecessors) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and their differing effects on multilaterality in UN relations.
2007-09
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/8211/1/Boening_EU_UN_EUMA07edi.pdf
Boening, Astrid B. (2007) A Comparison of the Role of Entity Actors in the United Nations: An Intergovernmental Organization (by Example of the European Union) vs. Non-Governmental Organizations. EUMA Papers, Vol. 7, No. 18 September 2007. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/8211/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:8979
2011-02-15T22:58:06Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:636F6E726573
7375626A656374733D45:45303035
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
UN reform and NATO transformation: the missing link. Egmont Paper, no. 10, November 2005
Leurdijk, Dick A.
EU-South-Eastern Europe (Balkans)
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
UN
conflict resolution/crisis management
NATO
From NATO’s perspective, Kofi Annan’s report In Larger Freedom: Towards Development, Security and Human Rights for All at first sight seemed hardly relevant.(1) In dealing with regional organizations, it nowhere explicitly mentioned the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). This was all the more surprising because Annan thus bypassed NATO’s active involvement in the implementation of a number of post-conflict peace-building settlements, based on UN Security Council resolutions, in areas such as Kosovo, Afghanistan and Iraq. In the weeks after the publication of Annan’s report, NATO’s Secretary- General, Jaap de Hoop Scheffer, on several occasions expressed his support for his UN counterpart’s reform package. In a keynote address in Brussels, among others, he argued that ‘NATO will increasingly act in concert with other institutions’, including the UN, pointing at NATO’s cooperation on the ground in the Balkans and Afghanistan.
2005
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/8979/1/ep10%2Dproef.pdf
Leurdijk, Dick A. (2005) UN reform and NATO transformation: the missing link. Egmont Paper, no. 10, November 2005. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/8979/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:8980
2011-02-15T22:58:06Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
Security Council reform: a new veto for a new century? Egmont Paper, no. 9, August 2005
Wouters, Jan,
Ruys, Tom.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
UN
The first chapter presents an overview of the creation of the veto power, having regard to some initial interpretation problems. Subsequently, some controversial aspects of the actual use of the veto will be examined. A third chapter will consider the various national positions on veto reform. In light of the foregoing, a fourth chapter will evaluate whether the veto still serves its original purpose or whether it has become obsolete. The contribution ends with some final recommendations.
2005
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/8980/1/ep9.pdf
Wouters, Jan, and Ruys, Tom. (2005) Security Council reform: a new veto for a new century? Egmont Paper, no. 9, August 2005. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/8980/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:8985
2011-02-15T22:58:07Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303230
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:636F6E726573
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
Regional Security and Global Governance: A Proposal for a 'Regional-Global Security Mechanism' in Light of the UN High-Level Panel's Report. Egmont Paper, no. 4, January 2005
Graham, Kennedy,
Felicio, Tania.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
regionalism, international
conflict resolution/crisis management
UN
This Egmont Paper is essentially a reduced version of a 180-page study undertaken during 2004 under the auspices of the UN University’s Comparative Regional Integration Studies Programme (UNU-CRIS). Our thanks go to both UNU-CRIS for making the project possible and also to the Royal Institute for International Relations for proceeding with this shorter version. Our appreciation also to the VUB Institute of European Studies for its on-going support of the project and to the Government of Belgium which has recently extended funding for its continuation. This shorter paper will, no doubt, be perused by a larger number of readers than the longer version, yet the latter contains much background material that illuminates more clearly what has been included here, both in analysis and prescription. It is our hope that many colleagues will be encouraged to undertake our longer, and more detailed, ‘adventure’ into one possible future of ‘security regionalism’. The aim of the paper is to explore the history and the future potential of the ‘regional-global mechanism’ for maintaining international peace and security. It is based on the recognition, accorded by the international community over the past decade, of the need for greater involvement by regional agencies in conflict prevention and management in all regions, in co-operation with the United Nations.
2005
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/8985/1/ep4.pdf
Graham, Kennedy, and Felicio, Tania. (2005) Regional Security and Global Governance: A Proposal for a 'Regional-Global Security Mechanism' in Light of the UN High-Level Panel's Report. Egmont Paper, no. 4, January 2005. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/8985/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:8986
2011-02-15T22:58:09Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303338
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:436F6E7374346575726F7065
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:636F6E726573
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303133
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D746572726F7269736D
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
Audit of European Strategy. Egmont Paper, no. 3, January 2005
Heusgen, Christoph,
Gowan, Richard,
Haine, Jean-Yves,
Biscop, Sven,
Homan, Kees.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
Constitution for Europe
conflict resolution/crisis management
UN
EU-Middle East
terrorism
Bosnia/Herzegovina
The European Security Strategy, which was adopted in December 2003 by the European Council, serves three functions. Firstly, it provides a frame of reference both for long-term strategies and for current political problems. Secondly, it is a basis for consultation with major partners on central strategic issues. Thirdly, it leads to concrete follow-up in five areas identified by the European Council: (1) proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, (2) the fight against terrorism, (3) effective multilateralism with the UN at its core, (4) a strategy towards the region of the Middle East, and (5) a comprehensive policy towards Bosnia-Herzegovina. Where do we stand on these five issues? On WMD the European Union has adopted a comprehensive strategy which is being implemented. On terrorism, as a consequence of the attacks in Madrid, the European Council on 25 and 26 March 2004 agreed on a wide-ranging Declaration reaffirming the EU's determination to systematically confront the terrorist threat. The appointment of an EU counter-terrorism coordinator will help to improve coordination and visibility of EU actions in this field. Progress has been achieved on a number of third pillar directives and regulations (Directive on compensating victims of crime, Regulation on the Schengen Information System, Decision establishing the Visa Information System, Europol and Eurojust agreement) as well as on the prospect of integrating in the Council Secretariat an intelligence capacity on all aspects of the terrorist threat. In March, the European Council also brought forward the solidarity clause thus anticipating the Constitutional Treaty.
Biscop, Sven.
2005
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/8986/1/ep3.pdf
Heusgen, Christoph, and Gowan, Richard, and Haine, Jean-Yves, and Biscop, Sven, and Homan, Kees. (2005) Audit of European Strategy. Egmont Paper, no. 3, January 2005. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/8986/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9313
2012-04-06T16:26:39Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:627564676574706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303132
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303230
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Financial Impacts of Climate Change: An Overview of Climate Change-related Actions in the European Commission’s Development Cooperation. CEPS Working Document No. 305/September 2008
Behrens, Arno.
development
UN
budgets & financing
environmental policy (including international arena)
This paper analyses the variety of different external aid initiatives and financing mechanisms of the European Commission addressing climate change and development objectives, such as those stemming from the 2004 EU Action Plan on Climate Change and Development, from the Global Climate Change Alliance (GCCA) and those under the Thematic Programme for Environment and Sustainable Management of Natural Resources (ENRTP). The paper also outlines related Commission commitments with the European Investment Bank (EIB), the World Bank and the United Nations. While the European Commission has advanced a number of new initiatives, it seems that the complexity of responsibilities in the management of the current financing instruments requires organisational restructuring, a more transparent reporting mechanism and the development of better indicators to evaluate the impacts of those initiatives. Overall it appears that the Commission is just at the beginning of taking full account of climate change in development cooperation. Its contribution is rather limited in view of the financing needs related to climate change in developing countries, and innovative financing mechanisms should be sought together with member states and the private sector.
2008-09
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9313/2/9313.pdf
Behrens, Arno. (2008) Financial Impacts of Climate Change: An Overview of Climate Change-related Actions in the European Commission’s Development Cooperation. CEPS Working Document No. 305/September 2008. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/9313/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9359
2011-02-15T23:46:45Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9415
2012-04-06T16:42:54Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303230
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Low-Carbon Technologies in the Post-Bali Period: Accelerating their Development and Deployment. CEPS ECP Report No. 4, 4 December 2007
Egenhofer, Christian.
Milford, Lew.
Fujiwara, Noriko.
UN
environmental policy (including international arena)
This report analyses the very broad issue of technology development, demonstration and diffusion with a view to identifying the key elements of a complementary global technology track in the post-2012 framework. It identifies a number of immediate and concrete steps that can be taken to provide content and a structure for such a track. The report features three sections dealing with innovation and technology, investment in developing countries and investment and finance, followed by an analysis of the various initiatives being taken on technology both within and outside the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). A final section presents ideas for the way forward followed by brief concluding remarks.
2008-06
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9415/2/9415.pdf
Egenhofer, Christian. and Milford, Lew. and Fujiwara, Noriko. (2008) Low-Carbon Technologies in the Post-Bali Period: Accelerating their Development and Deployment. CEPS ECP Report No. 4, 4 December 2007. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/9415/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9416
2012-04-06T16:41:42Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303230
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Adaptation as a Strategic Issue in the Climate Negotiations. CEPS ECP Reports. No. 3, 9 November 2006.
Kartha, Sivan.
UN
environmental policy (including international arena)
This report examines the challenge of adequately addressing adaptation to climate change impacts in developing counties by means of international collaboration, and the reasons why it is in the interest of industrialised countries, including the EU, to do so. This is a topic that has been gaining prominence on the agenda of the international climate change negotiations under the auspices of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as well as in other international forums. After analysing different approaches to the problem of adapting to climate change and reviewing current efforts to adapt to climate change, the report puts forward a range of options. The lead author, Sivan Kartha is Senior Scientist at the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI). Preety Bhandari is a researcher at The Energy & Resource Institute (TERI), New Delhi. Louise Van Schaik is a Fellow at the Netherlands Institute of International Relations 'Clingendael' in The Hague. Deborah Cornland is Director of the Climate Change Policy Research Programme (CLIPORE) at the Swedish foundation MISTRA. And Bo Kjellén is Senior Research Fellow at the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI).
2006-11
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9416/2/9416.pdf
Kartha, Sivan. (2006) Adaptation as a Strategic Issue in the Climate Negotiations. CEPS ECP Reports. No. 3, 9 November 2006. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/9416/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9592
2011-02-15T23:01:57Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:436F6E7374346575726F7065
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
The United Nations & the European Union: Partners in Multilateralism. College of Europe EU Diplomacy Paper 4/2007, June 2007
Wouters, Jan.
Constitution for Europe
UN
In recent years, cooperation between the United Nations (UN) and the European Union (EU) has grown exponentially. In this contribution I consider the motivations of the EU’s choice for the UN and the institutional complexities involved in the UN-EU relationship, both internally in the EU in order to obtain a better coordination among its 27 Member States, and externally, concerning the status of the EU within the UN system. After a brief overview of EU-UN cooperation in the areas of human development and security, I point to the uncertainties which both organizations face in their current reform processes, in particular the as of yet unresolved fate of the EU’s Constitutional Treaty, which contains provisions that could lead to a more unified EU representation in the UN.
2007-06
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9592/1/EDP%204%2D2007%20Wouters.pdf
Wouters, Jan. (2007) The United Nations & the European Union: Partners in Multilateralism. College of Europe EU Diplomacy Paper 4/2007, June 2007. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/9592/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9884
2011-02-15T23:46:56Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9887
2014-04-08T13:32:59Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:464B6F736F766F
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:636F6E726573
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
spotlight europe January 2009/01: Kosovo 2009: Uncertain Future
Deimel, Johanna
Schmidt, Armando García.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
Kosovo
conflict resolution/crisis management
UN
The status of Kosovo continues to [be] controversial. Pristina and Belgrade are now even more at loggerheads than they were before the Kosovar Declaration of Independence in February 2008. Diverging interests in the EU and the United Nations have paralyzed the work of the international community. It is clear that the EU needs a new policy with which to create stability and make for clarity. Pristina must show some responsibility if it does not wish to jeopardize the future of Kosovo.
2009-01
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9887/1/xcms_bst_dms_27097_27098_2.pdf
Deimel, Johanna and Schmidt, Armando García. (2009) spotlight europe January 2009/01: Kosovo 2009: Uncertain Future. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/9887/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9888
2011-02-15T23:04:48Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:464B6F736F766F
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:636F6E726573
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
spotlight europe 2009/01: Der Kosovo vor unsicherer Zukunft. = Kosovo 2009: Uncertain future
Deimel, Johanna
Schmidt, Armando García.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
Kosovo
conflict resolution/crisis management
UN
Laut EU-Kommissar Olli Rehn soll 2009 zum Jahr des Westlichen Balkan werden. Im Falle des Kosovo wird das schwierig. Denn seit der kosovarischen Unabhängigkeitserklärung vom Februar 2008 sind Pristina und Belgrad stärker ineinander verkeilt als zuvor. Und Interessendivergenzen in der EU und den Vereinten Nationen lähmen die Arbeit der Internationalen Gemeinschaft.
2009-01
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9888/1/xcms_bst_dms_27095_27096_2.pdf
Deimel, Johanna and Schmidt, Armando García. (2009) spotlight europe 2009/01: Der Kosovo vor unsicherer Zukunft. = Kosovo 2009: Uncertain future. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/9888/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:10818
2011-02-15T23:10:46Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D46:46303238
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D45:45303031
7375626A656374733D46:46303139
74797065733D6F74686572
Safeguarding the Rule of Law in an Enlarged EU: The Cases of Bulgaria and Romania. CEPS Special Report, April 2009
Alegre, Susie
Ivanova, Ivanka
Denis-Smith, Dana.
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
Romania
Council of Europe
Bulgaria
UN
This report assesses the needs and options for monitoring and reinforcing the rule of law in an enlarged EU. It looks at the existing mechanisms for monitoring in the EU, the Council of Europe and the UN and identifies the gaps before suggesting solutions. The report includes case studies on Bulgaria and Romania that focus on the ways in which the two most recent member states of the EU have responded to the Cooperation and Verification Mechanism imposed on them at accession while giving an overview of the very different issues faced by each country in the context of the rule of law. These country reports feed into the overall analysis of the need for effective monitoring of the rule of law in the EU in general.
2009-04
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/10818/1/1833.pdf
Alegre, Susie and Ivanova, Ivanka and Denis-Smith, Dana. (2009) Safeguarding the Rule of Law in an Enlarged EU: The Cases of Bulgaria and Romania. CEPS Special Report, April 2009. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/10818/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:11423
2011-02-15T23:14:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:636F6E726573
7375626A656374733D45:45303035
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
‘Working together, thinking differently?’ A presentation on the development of the strategic culture of the EU through the study of ESDP
Margaras, Vasilis.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
EU-South-Eastern Europe (Balkans)
UN
conflict resolution/crisis management
NATO
The paper studies the emergence of the strategic culture of the European Union through the development of ESDP. It argues that ESDP should not only be judged in terms of missions and institutions. It should be also studied at a cognitive level. Therefore, researchers should take into account the practices and ideas of policy officials when it comes to the planning and implementation of ESDP police and military missions. The paper examines the development of these ESDP ideas and practices by conducting a study of the strategic culture of the EU. It argues that ideas, beliefs and practices that policy officials hold on the use of force really matter. However, ideas cannot be studied independently but need to be taken into account within a comprehensive framework of study which includes issues related to the question of structure and agency. The evolution of history is important. Ideas on security issues are developed by historic events which enrich the experiences of a particular collective which deals with issues of security. Ideas are also shaped by the deployment of the EU’s ESDP missions. Daily interaction of officials in various crisis spots is an important factor in the shaping of the strategic culture of the EU. This is because the experiences of police and military forces provide feedback to the decision-making mechanisms of the EU which is influencing the strategic thinking of the Europeans.
2009
Conference or Workshop Item
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/11423/1/ESDP%2Dstrategic_culture.pdf
Margaras, Vasilis. (2009) ‘Working together, thinking differently?’ A presentation on the development of the strategic culture of the EU through the study of ESDP. In: UNSPECIFIED. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/11423/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:11603
2011-02-15T23:15:34Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:45303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303230
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:696E7465726E6174696F6E616C7472616465
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
Climate Change Meets Trade: The rapidly expanding agenda in the post-Bali period. CEPS Commentaries, 21 January 2008
Brewer, Thomas L.
GATT/WTO
UN
international trade
environmental policy (including international arena)
As made abundantly clear at the international climate change conference in Bali in December 2007, climate change and international trade issues have now intersected to create a new, wide-ranging and rapidly-expanding joint climate-trade agenda. As a result, a variety of negotiating challenges have thus emerged for both the UNFCCC and WTO multilateral processes. Tom Brewer, Associate Professor at the McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University, and Associate Fellow at CEPS, outlines in this Commentary three such challenges in particular that stand out in need of immediate attention and notes that they offer the EU the opportunity to expand its leadership role at the global level in both the multilateral climate and trade regimes.
2008-01
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/11603/1/1587[1].pdf
Brewer, Thomas L. (2008) Climate Change Meets Trade: The rapidly expanding agenda in the post-Bali period. CEPS Commentaries, 21 January 2008. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/11603/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:11712
2011-02-15T23:16:18Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:636F6E726573
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303138
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
What will it take to resolve the dispute in Western Sahara? CEPS Policy Brief No. 133, June 2007
Darbouche, Hakim.
EU-North Africa/Maghreb
UN
conflict resolution/crisis management
After 16 years of war, 12 years of failed diplomacy and 4 years of deadlock, the conflict in the Western Sahara is back to square one. Resumed direct negotiations, under UN auspices, between Morocco and the Polisario Front on the basis of the former’s recent proposal are doomed. Besides impeding meaningful cooperation and integration in the Maghreb - to the loss of the nations of the region and even the EU - this ‘forgotten’ conflict, with its 165,000 refugees in desert camps, can take a violent turn at any juncture, with far-reaching implications. In light of the recent developments, CEPS Associate Fellow Hakim Darbouche asks in this CEPS Policy Brief what it will take to resolve the Western Sahara dispute.
2007-06
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/11712/1/1515.pdf
Darbouche, Hakim. (2007) What will it take to resolve the dispute in Western Sahara? CEPS Policy Brief No. 133, June 2007. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/11712/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:11871
2011-02-15T23:17:15Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:636F6E726573
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303133
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303134
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
Europe rediscovers peacekeeping? Political and military logics in the 2006 UNIFIL enhancement. Egmont Paper No. 34, October 2009
Mattelaer, Alexander.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
UN
conflict resolution/crisis management
EU-Middle East
EU-Islam
The war between Israel and Hezbollah in 2006 came to an end when both conflict parties accepted the plan of reinforcing the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) as a means to enable a ceasefire. In political as well as military terms, European nations were the driving force behind this UNIFIL ‘enhancement’ – marking a difficult return to the UN peacekeeping system since the debacles in the former Yugoslavia. This Egmont Paper explores both the political and military logic underlying the UNIFIL enhancement. On the basis of a detailed analysis of both the political decision-making process and the military planning cycle of the operation it develops two interlinked arguments.
2009-10
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/11871/1/ep34.pdf
Mattelaer, Alexander. (2009) Europe rediscovers peacekeeping? Political and military logics in the 2006 UNIFIL enhancement. Egmont Paper No. 34, October 2009. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/11871/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:14438
2015-07-24T14:12:14Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303230
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:6663723230303839
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Messages from Copenhagen: Assessments of the Accord and Implications for the EU. CEPS ECP Report No. 9, April 2010
Alessi, Monica
Georgiev, Anton
Egenhofer, Christian.
UN
financial crisis 2008-on/reforms/economic governance
environmental policy (including international arena)
The aim of this paper is to review major assessments of the Copenhagen Accord with a focus on what it will ultimately deliver, especially within the context of the economic crisis. The paper also looks at the broader geopolitical implications and the resulting challenges for the EU, the role of the UN and the linkages of the UN negotiations with the Copenhagen Accord.
2010-04
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/14438/1/ECP_Paper_No_9_Review_of_Copenhagen.pdf
Alessi, Monica and Georgiev, Anton and Egenhofer, Christian. (2010) Messages from Copenhagen: Assessments of the Accord and Implications for the EU. CEPS ECP Report No. 9, April 2010. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/14438/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:15034
2011-02-15T23:37:51Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
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The EU's diplomatic debacle at the UN - what else and what next? CEPS Commentary, 1 October 2010
Emerson, Michael
Wouters, Jan.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
UN
Against the background of the EU’s disappointing performance as an external actor in recent international gatherings (UN General Assembly, the climate talks and the IMF), Michael Emerson and Jan Wouters exhort the EU to urgently face up to new realities and undertake a comprehensive and strategic review of how it should position itself in the multilateral system, especially regarding the distribution of roles between the EU itself and the member states.
2010-10
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/15034/1/ME_%26_JW_on_UN_Debacle.pdf
Emerson, Michael and Wouters, Jan. (2010) The EU's diplomatic debacle at the UN - what else and what next? CEPS Commentary, 1 October 2010. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/15034/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:15464
2015-07-24T14:10:14Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:627564676574706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303230
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74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
UN climate finance negotiations: what after Tianjin, and how? CEPS ECP Paper [Report] No. 11, January 2011
Muller, Benito.
UN
environmental policy (including international arena)
budgets & financing
This paper gives an assessment of the state of the finance negotiations under the Ad-hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action (AWG-LCA) of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The UN climate change conference in the Chinese town of Tianjin (2-9 October 2010) was the final preparatory UN meeting for the 16th annual UN Conference of Parties (COP-16) held in Cancún, Mexico in December 2010. The aim of this paper is to assess how the momentum achieved in Tianjin can be harnessed to deliver the sort of outcomes required for a comprehensive deal. The analysis is divided into two sections – the first elaborates what needs to be done, while the second focuses on how to achieve it.
2011-01
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/15464/1/ECP_No_11_Finance_after_Tianjin.pdf
Muller, Benito. (2011) UN climate finance negotiations: what after Tianjin, and how? CEPS ECP Paper [Report] No. 11, January 2011. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/15464/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:32037
2020-02-16T19:55:50Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303136:4430303230313645617374536F7574686561737441736961
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303136:44303032303136536F75746841736961
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7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303037
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
Libya and the post-American world: implications for the EU. Egmont Security Policy Brief No. 20, April 2011
Renard, Thomas.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
EU-Mediterranean/Union for the Mediterranean
East and Southeast Asia
South Asia
EU-North Africa/Maghreb
UN
This Security Policy Brief looks at the vote on the UNSC resolution on Libya and tries to see in it some signs of the new international order in the making. Why did
the BRIC countries abstain? Why was the US so shy? What does it all mean for the EU?
2011-04
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/32037/1/SPB20%2DLibya%2Din%2Dnew%2Dworld%2Dorder.pdf
http://www.egmontinstitute.be/papers/11/sec-gov/SPB20-Libya-in-new-world-order.pdf
Renard, Thomas. (2011) Libya and the post-American world: implications for the EU. Egmont Security Policy Brief No. 20, April 2011. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/32037/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:32041
2011-06-03T23:34:48Z
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Assessing the EU's strategic partnerships in the UN system. Egmont Security Policy Brief No. 24, May 2011
Renard, Thomas.
Hooijmaaijers, Bas.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
UN
In this Security Policy Brief, Thomas Renard and Bas Hooijmaaijers look at the relationship between the EU and its ten strategic partners in the UN system, focussing on the UNGA, the UN Security Council and the DPKO. Part of their analysis is based upon statistical data retrieved from UN databases.
2011-05
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
other
http://aei.pitt.edu/32041/1/SPB24%2DRenardHooimaaijers.pdf
http://www.egmontinstitute.be/papers/11/sec-gov/SPB24-RenardHooimaaijers.pdf
Renard, Thomas. and Hooijmaaijers, Bas. (2011) Assessing the EU's strategic partnerships in the UN system. Egmont Security Policy Brief No. 24, May 2011. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/32041/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:32324
2011-09-13T14:43:29Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:636F6E726573
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Worse, not better? Reinvigorating early warning for conflict prevention in the post Lisbon European Union. Egmont Paper No. 48, June 2011
Brante, John
De Franco, Chiara
Meyer, Christoph O.
Otto, Florian
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
UN
Lisbon Treaty
conflict resolution/crisis management
media
Executive summary. The number and lethality of conflicts has been declining significantly since the end of the Cold War, but five new armed conflicts still break out each year. While costly peace-making, stabilisation and reconstruction efforts have helped to end conflicts, no comparative efforts have gone into preventing them from
occurring in the first place. The international community appears stuck in the never-ending travails of managing crises, finding it difficult to act early to prevent new conflicts from escalating. Encouraging signs that this is changing include the United Nations (UN) promotion of the preventive arm of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and the United States’ efforts to improve its capacity to prevent conflicts and mass atrocities emerging from the Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review. Similarly, since the launch of the Gothenburg programme in 2001, the European Union (EU) has embraced the case for
conflict prevention in policy documents as well as in the Lisbon Treaty itself, making it a hallmark of its approach to international security and conflict in contrast to conventional foreign policy. Yet, it has fallen significantly short in translating these aspirations into institutional practice and success on the
ground. It suffers from the ‘missing middle’ syndrome between long-term structural prevention through instruments such as conditionality for EU accession and development policy, and short-term responses to erupting crisis through military and civilian missions.
The Lisbon Treaty amendments – in particular the creation of the ‘double-hatted’ High Representative (HR) and the European External Action Service (EEAS) – are widely seen as major opportunities to make the EU more capable, active and coherent. We welcome these opportunities, especially the potential
for joint threat assessment and coherence in policy, the improved presence on the ground through EU delegations and the influx of experienced diplomats from Member States. At the same time, our paper draws on research into the warning-response problem to express two main concerns: first, key weaknesses of the old system are not sufficiently addressed such as, insufficient orientation
to longer-term forecasting and effective warning, privileging of crisis management against prevention and divergent dispositions among intelligence consumers. More worrying still, the new system could lead to lower receptivity and slower responses due to growing information noise, excessively hierarchical
relations as well as an even tighter bottleneck in information processing and decision-making at the top of the broader pyramidal structure. We argue that warning-response will always be a challenge and it is unrealistic to get it right all of the time. However, we advance a number of recommendations addressed
primarily to the EU, which could help to mitigate some of the problems obstructing warning for early action:
• to reinvigorate its commitments to conflict prevention and ring-fence institutional resources against competing demands from crisis management;
• to develop a strategic warning doctrine to deal with the uncertainties, overlaps and gaps the current system produces;
• to promote a so-called ‘customer-driven approach’ among warning producers and embrace a number of analytical techniques to improve analysis and warning impact;
• to make sure that the EEAS does not create a culture adverse to warning by replicating the overly hierarchical and formalistic culture pervading the European Commission;
• to devolve analytical resources as well as responsibilities for civilian preventive action to EU delegations and EU Special Representatives to avoid the bottleneck problem;
• to lend more financial and intelligence support to regional and local early warning systems/NGOs, particularly those which integrate warning and response under one roof.
Our paper also addresses the growing importance of the news media and nongovernmental organisations for alleviating the warning-response gap. NGO staff as well as journalists can offer excellent expertise of particular countries and can communicate warnings in some circumstances more effectively than
analysts within a bureaucracy. Moreover, early action sometimes requires public advocacy in order to challenge some of the disincentives to act on the part of governments and the EU. NGOs also play an important role in holding decisionmakers to account for failing to act despite early, clear and well-substantiated warnings. In order to enhance the role of NGOs and the news media we recommend
that:
• the EU should more systematically collect and assess information coming from NGOs and aim to formalise and regularise opportunities for sharing information such as thematic working groups;
• NGOs need to invest more time in understanding how their public communication is perceived by decision-makers and should become more alert to the reputational risks arising from ‘over-warning’, moralising and unrealistic recommendations;
• more efforts need to be made to sensitise ‘news decision-makers’ to biases, both geographical and topical, in their coverage and remind them that besides their obligation towards shareholders/owners, they have to fulfil a ‘responsibility to report’ about impending crises;
• the EU should explore how to support journalists in producing proactive and in-depth foreign affairs coverage, for example by funding organisations that could provide grants for reporting about regions under-represented in the media or issues the news media tend to overlook.
2011-06
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/32324/1/ep48.pdf
http://www.egmontinstitute.be/paperegm/ep48.pdf
Brante, John and De Franco, Chiara and Meyer, Christoph O. and Otto, Florian (2011) Worse, not better? Reinvigorating early warning for conflict prevention in the post Lisbon European Union. Egmont Paper No. 48, June 2011. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/32324/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:32325
2011-09-13T14:55:42Z
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7375626A656374733D44:44303032:443030324561737465726E506172746E657273686970
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74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
Europe deploys towards a civil-military strategy for CSDP. Egmont Paper No. 49, June 2011
Biscop, Sven.
Coelmont, Jo.
energy policy (Including international arena)
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
Central Asia
EU-ACP
EU-Eastern Partnership
UN
EU-Black Sea region
trade policy
free movement/border control
Executive summary. CSDP: Strategy Needed.
Why does Europe develop the military and civilian capabilities that it does? Why does it undertake the military and civilian operations that it does? And why in other cases does it refrain from action?
The answers to these questions would amount to a civilian-military strategy for the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). Starting from the EU’s vital interests, an analysis of the threats and challenges to these interests, and the EU’s foreign policy priorities, a CSDP strategy would outline the priority regions and issues for CSDP and, in function of the long-term political objectives and the appropriate political roadmap for those regions and issues, scenarios in which launching an operation could be appropriate.
Without strategy, we can never be sure that the operations that we do are actually the most relevant and important that we could undertake. We cannot direct the operations that we do undertake to achieve the desired strategic effect. And we cannot focus capability development if we do not know our strategic priorities.
Many of the building-blocks of a CSDP strategy already exist. What remains to be done is to connect the dots and render explicit: (1) for which priority regions and issues we must plan and prepare, (2) for which possible scenarios that may require a CSDP operation, and (3) identify the implications for our capabilities
and a roadmap to meet those requirements.
Priority Regions and Issues.
The regions and issues on which CSDP ought to focus are those where our vital interests are most directly at stake:
• Defence against any military threat to the territory of the Union.
• Open lines of communication and trade (in physical as well as in cyber
space).
• A secure supply of energy and other vital natural resources.
• A sustainable environment.
• Manageable migration flows.
• The maintenance of international law (including the UN Charter and the treaties and regulations of the key international organizations) and of universally agreed rights.
• Preserving the autonomy of the decision-making of the EU and its Member States.
That does not mean that the EU will disregard other regions and issues, but it does provide the focus for early warning and prevention, and for permanent contingency planning for:
• The Eastern Neighbourhood (the Baltic to the Black Sea).
• The Southern Neighbourhood (the Dardanelles to Gibraltar).
• The Gulf.
• Central Asia.
• Sub-Sahara Africa.
• Maritime security.
• Collective security under the UN, notably the Responsibility to Protect.
If the main focus of CSDP is on the external security of the Union, it does have a complementary role to play in our internal security as well, notably in the implementation of the Solidarity Clause, and including perhaps, in the future, in our collective defence.
Scenarios for Operations.
For the purpose of military planning, as well as to guide military capability
development, the EU military bodies have elaborated five illustrative scenarios.
These no longer cover all operations that the EU already is undertaking. Five
new scenarios ought to be added:
• A Maritime Security Scenario.
• A Cyber Security Scenario.
• A Support Operations Scenario.
• A Counter-Terrorism Scenario.
• An Internal Security Scenario.
Capability Implications.
In order to stay in tune with today’s higher level of crisis management activity, the existing military Headline Goal has to be interpreted broadly. The aim to be able to sustain a corps level deployment (50 to 60,000 troops) for at least one year should be understood as a deployment which EU Member States must be able to undertake at any one time over and above ongoing operations. Then the EU would be able to deal with every eventuality.
Generating the necessary capabilities requires an ambitious approach to pooling & sharing, but also to go beyond it and create a Permanent Capability Conference as a durable strategic-level platform for harmonization of national defence planning as such, rather than project-by-project coordination only.
With regard to civilian capabilities, achieving the original civilian Headline Goal would already constitute a significant improvement, but there is a lack of implementation and follow-through by the Member States. If decentralised civilian capacity-building does not work, the EU should have recourse to sizeable standby
pools of civilian personnel which are pre-identified, trained, and ready for deployment.
There is scope for combining military and civilian capability development in at least five areas: communications, information, transport, protection and logistics.
The EU could be the first to create a permanent civilian-military Operational Headquarters (OHQ), in Brussels, which could plan for and conduct both civilian and military operations and, allowing for close interaction with all relevant EU actors, could implement a truly comprehensive approach to crisis management.
Information gathering, analysis and dissemination are strategic enablers for any military or civilian operation or mission. A real Intelligence Fusion and Analysis Centre should replace the scattered poles of intelligence within the EU institutions.
From Strategy to Action.
Adopting a strategy for CSDP will not in itself guarantee resolute action in each and every crisis. But forging a consensus on priority regions and issues and drawing the conclusions from that for our capabilities, including planning and conduct, will focus our preventive, long-term efforts, and will certainly make us better prepared for action in any contingency.
Being more prepared and knowing in advance what our priority regions and issues are, and why, will then hopefully also strengthen the political will to generate action under the EU flag by the able and willing Member States, and will thus make for an EU that carries its weight on the global stage.
Biscop, Sven.
Coelmont, Jo.
2011-06
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/32325/1/ep49.pdf
http://www.egmontinstitute.be/paperegm/ep49.pdf
Biscop, Sven. and Coelmont, Jo. (2011) Europe deploys towards a civil-military strategy for CSDP. Egmont Paper No. 49, June 2011. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/32325/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:32592
2011-10-23T19:35:31Z
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From Words to Deeds: The Continuing Debate on European Security. CEPS Paperbacks. March 2006
van Eekelen, Willem
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
European Convention
NATO
UN
Since the Treaty of Amsterdam came into force in 1999, the European Union has progressively incorporated military security into its broad spectrum of activities and worked to build up its military capabilities. In this new book, Willem van Eekelen, a diplomat-turned-politician, charts the progression of the European security and defence policy, its difficult and even competitive relationship with NATO and the development of a European security strategy. From Words to Deeds explores new threats linking internal and external security and the emerging concept of the ‘responsibility to protect’ in the context of UN peacekeeping missions. He describes the innovative changes proposed by the European Convention, which might survive the rejection of the Constitutional Treaty in France and the Netherlands. He presents how the European Defence Agency could play a major role in the interface between communitarian and intergovernmental activities and bridge the gap between operational requirements and research, development and acquisition.
Centre for European Policy Studies; Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces
2006-03
Book
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/32592/1/31._From_Words_to_Deeds.pdf
http://www.ceps.eu/book/words-deeds-continuing-debate-european-security
van Eekelen, Willem (2006) From Words to Deeds: The Continuing Debate on European Security. CEPS Paperbacks. March 2006. Series > Centre for European Policy Studies (Brussels) > CEPS Paperbacks <http://aei.pitt.edu/view/series/SMCEPSPaperbacks.html> . Centre for European Policy Studies; Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces. ISBN 9290796073
http://aei.pitt.edu/32592/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:32645
2011-12-24T02:23:14Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303337
7375626A656374733D45:45303037
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Climate Change and Trade: Taxing carbon at the border? CEPS Paperbacks. May 2010
Gros, Daniel
Egenhofer, Christian
Fujiwara, Noriko
Guerin, Selen Sarisoy
Georgiev, Anton
environmental policy (including international arena)
tax policy
GATT/WTO
UN
This study analyses the economic and political consequences of introducing a tax on the carbon content of imported goods at EU borders and whether such a tax would be compatible with WTO rules. The major findings are:
1. A CO2 border tax or import tariff would increase global welfare.
2. Such a carbon import tariff can be made to be compatible with WTO rules.
3. There are no insurmountable practical obstacles to introducing such a tariff.
4. The equity concerns of the UNFCCC could be taken into account by rebating the proceeds of the tariff to those countries manifestly unable to shoulder the burden themselves.
2010-05
Book
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/32645/1/68._Climate_change_and_Trade.pdf
http://www.ceps.eu/book/climate-change-and-trade-taxing-carbon-border
Gros, Daniel and Egenhofer, Christian and Fujiwara, Noriko and Guerin, Selen Sarisoy and Georgiev, Anton (2010) Climate Change and Trade: Taxing carbon at the border? CEPS Paperbacks. May 2010. Series > Centre for European Policy Studies (Brussels) > CEPS Paperbacks <http://aei.pitt.edu/view/series/SMCEPSPaperbacks.html> . UNSPECIFIED. ISBN 9789290798675
http://aei.pitt.edu/32645/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:32651
2011-11-25T17:34:14Z
7374617475733D707562
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Upgrading the EU's Role as Global Actor: Institutions, Law and the Restructuring of European Diplomacy. CEPS Paperbacks. January 2011
Balfour, Rosa
Corthaut, Tim
Wouters, Jan
Emerson, Michael
Kaczyński, Piotr Maciej
Renard, Thomas
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
IMF
UN
ILO
Lisbon Treaty
The international order is experiencing fundamental changes driven by globalisation and the multipolarity emerging from the new balance of power. In response, a new book by a team of experts assembled by CEPS argues that the EU should build up a world-class diplomatic corps, capable of becoming a major actor in global affairs, drawing on enabling provisions in the Treaty of Lisbon.
The report investigates two prerequisites for achieving this goal: first, enhancement of the status of the EU in numerous multilateral organisations, international agreements and fora (the UN, IMF, etc.) and second, a restructuring of European diplomacy, involving a reallocation of functions and resources between the new European diplomatic corps (the European External Action Service) and the diplomatic representations of the 27 EU member states worldwide.
Recommendations are formulated on where and how to upgrade the EU’s status in the international arena. Scenarios are presented for the build-up of the EU’s diplomatic corps, alongside a slimming down of national diplomacies. The authors warn that failure to act along these lines will result in an increasingly irrelevant, obsolete and wasteful European diplomacy.
2011-01
Book
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/32651/1/74._Upgrading_the_EU's_Role_as_a_global_actor.pdf
http://www.ceps.eu/book/upgrading-eus-role-global-actor-institutions-law-and-restructuring-european-diplomacy
Balfour, Rosa and Corthaut, Tim and Wouters, Jan and Emerson, Michael and Kaczyński, Piotr Maciej and Renard, Thomas (2011) Upgrading the EU's Role as Global Actor: Institutions, Law and the Restructuring of European Diplomacy. CEPS Paperbacks. January 2011. Series > Centre for European Policy Studies (Brussels) > CEPS Paperbacks <http://aei.pitt.edu/view/series/SMCEPSPaperbacks.html> . UNSPECIFIED. ISBN 9789461380524
http://aei.pitt.edu/32651/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:33004
2011-12-06T18:27:01Z
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7375626A656374733D44:44303032:636F6E726573
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The responsibility to protect and regime change. CEPS Commentary, 1 December 2011
Emerson, Michael
EU-Middle East
EU-Islam
UN
conflict resolution/crisis management
In his latest Commentary, Michael Emerson finds that nowhere is the competition over the primacy of norms in international relations sharper than that revealed by the UN’s response to the murderous repression by the Syrian authorities of their civilian population.
2011-12
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/33004/1/Dec_ME_on_R2P.pdf
http://shop.ceps.eu/book/responsibility-protect-and-regime-change
Emerson, Michael (2011) The responsibility to protect and regime change. CEPS Commentary, 1 December 2011. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/33004/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:33092
2012-08-19T21:21:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
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7375626A656374733D44:44303032:4430303268726469
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What’s the use of arguing? European Union strategies for the promotion of human rights in the United Nations
Kissack, Robert
human rights & democracy initiatives
UN
This paper explores two themes raised by the recent ECFR Audit of European Power in the UN, where
it is argued that a group of states constituting an ‘Axis of Sovereignty’ is frustrating European efforts to
promote human rights in the multilateral framework of the UN. The first is the extent to which
‘sovereignty’ and ‘multilateralism’ are antagonistic concepts, drawing on the writings of Ruggie,
Kratochwil and Reus-Smit. Through them it is shown that the relationship is more complicated than
simple opposition, and instead the two have emerged from specific historical processes in the modern
international system. The second part of the paper analyses the newly emerging EU process of human
rights promotion in the UNGA through building a multi-regional constituency of states supporting
progressive HR norms, firstly through common statements and later through UNGA resolutions. It is
shown that one of the most important elements in explaining the successful outcome of these
campaigns (to date) is the orchestrated defence of the resolution through carefully prepared arguments.
The ‘power’ of argumentation is analysed through three prisms; as normative power (Manners), as the
logic of argumentation (Risse), and as rhetorical action (Schimmelfennig). It is argued that each one
contributes a level of explanation as to how the concentric circles of influence around the EU are
influenced by the process of argumentation, according to (a) the degree to which norms are preexisting,
(b) willingly internalised at the national level, or (c) remain unaccepted but were
unchallenged. The paper ended by offering some tentative suggestions towards an evolved set of
fundamental institutions (Reus-Smit) in which a new concept of post-Westphalian sovereignty might
be coupled to a norm of procedural justice favouring solidarist over pluralism.
2009
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/33092/1/kissack._robert.pdf
http://www.euce.org/eusa2009/papers.php
Kissack, Robert (2009) What’s the use of arguing? European Union strategies for the promotion of human rights in the United Nations. In: UNSPECIFIED. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/33092/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:33507
2012-05-09T20:45:30Z
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Towards a Coherent Regional Institutional Landscape in the United Nations? Implications for Europe. Bruges Regional Integration & Global Governance Paper 1/2008
Graham, Kennedy
regionalism, international
UN
This paper explores the recent attempt of the international community to develop greater consistency and coherence in the United Nations (UN) system, and the implications this may hold for the European integration movement. The paper identifies the postulated standards of policy coherence currently employed for international organisations, the delineation of regions (as these are informally understood in the UN), and the current locations of UN global and regional offices. The scope for reconfiguration of the UN regional institutional setting is explored. Prescriptively, the paper asks whether the delineation of ‘region’ is adequate for the current times, and whether a standardised definition of ‘region’ can feasibly be developed. Concluding that this is possible, the paper then explores the possible scenario for new regional hubs, including the co-location of regional offices that would meet the required reform in consistency and policy coherence for the UN. Within that context the paper considers the implications such changes might carry for Europe – for the region, for its various regional organisations, and for their relationship with the UN. The paper concludes by identifying the political and diplomatic process by which such institutional reform might be pursued.
2008-07
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/33507/1/BRIGG_1%2D2008_Graham.pdf
http://www.cris.unu.edu/fileadmin/workingpapers/BRIGG_papers/BRIGG_1-2008_Graham.pdf
Graham, Kennedy (2008) Towards a Coherent Regional Institutional Landscape in the United Nations? Implications for Europe. Bruges Regional Integration & Global Governance Paper 1/2008. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/33507/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:33529
2012-05-09T20:50:27Z
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‘Patchwork Power’ Europe? The EU’s Representation in International Institutions. Bruges Regional Integration & Global Governance Papers 2/2008
Gstöhl, Sieglinde
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
UN
This paper examines why, after five decades of integration, the European Union's representation in international institutions still varies considerably. This question has so
far not attracted much scholarly attention in political science; most studies focus on the legal status of the EU in international organisations, in particular in UN bodies. The EU does not consistently 'speak with one voice' as a global actor, but its international representation varies from the Commission, the EU presidency (and troika) over the European Central Bank to the national, sometimes coordinated positions of the member states. The Union's role in global governance is thus constrained by a bewildering pattern of external representatives. Theoretical approaches suggest four explanatory factors: issue areas, institutions, interests and identities. The paper argues that the usual focus on issue areas in terms of the distribution of legal competences alone cannot explain the EU's current role as a 'patchwork power'. Institutional factors (such as an organisation's rules of participation and the EU's own coordination mechanisms) and the member states' constellation of interests have to be taken into account as well.
2008-07
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/33529/1/BRIGG_2%2D2008_Gst%C3%B6hl.pdf
http://www.cris.unu.edu/fileadmin/workingpapers/BRIGG_papers/BRIGG_2-2008_Gstoehl.pdf
Gstöhl, Sieglinde (2008) ‘Patchwork Power’ Europe? The EU’s Representation in International Institutions. Bruges Regional Integration & Global Governance Papers 2/2008. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/33529/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:33530
2012-05-03T18:10:36Z
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The EU Common Foreign and Security Policy in the UN Security Council: Between Representation and Coordination. Bruges Regional Integration & Global Governance Paper 3/2008, September 2008
Marchesi, Daniele
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
UN
The purpose of this paper is to explore the link between the reform of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) and the development of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) of the European Union (EU). More precisely, it addresses the question to what extent and how the UN institutional structure has an impact on European integration in the field of foreign and security policy. To answer this question, the paper analyses, on the one hand, the debate on the European presence and representation within the Security Council, and on the other hand, the EU’s increasing coordination on the issues discussed in this body. Finally, it looks at how future reforms of the UNSC would affect the CFSP. The growing role of regional organisations in the United Nations is increasing the pressure to reform the UN. In Europe, the discussion on the reform of the UN has run parallel to the institutionalisation of the CFSP. Since the Maastricht Treaty on European Union (TEU), the CFSP began raising expectations about the possible role of the EU in the UN, ranging from a common representation to a more effective coordination of the EU member states in the Security Council. I argue that the reforms of the United Nations and of the EU are mutually reinforcing. On the one hand, further European integration pressures the UN to reform. On the other hand, the UN reform (or the prospect of reform) has an impact on the CFSP. First, it frames the discourse and national preferences of the member states and, secondly, it opens new institutional opportunities and paths for European integration in foreign policy. In this sense, the structure of the new UNSC could have an effect on the future development of the CFSP, either strengthening the current trend towards flexible forms of cooperation or encouraging new patterns of integration, coordination and representation.
2008-09
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/33530/1/BRIGG_3%2D2008_Marchesi.pdf
http://www.cris.unu.edu/fileadmin/workingpapers/BRIGG_papers/BRIGG_3-2008_Marchesi.pdf
Marchesi, Daniele (2008) The EU Common Foreign and Security Policy in the UN Security Council: Between Representation and Coordination. Bruges Regional Integration & Global Governance Paper 3/2008, September 2008. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/33530/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:33534
2012-05-09T21:03:11Z
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7375626A656374733D45:45303035
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
EU-US Cooperation in International Peace and Security: Bilateral versus Multilateral Dialogues. Bruges Regional Integration & Global Governance Paper 2/2009
Lipstaite, Simona
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
EU-US
NATO
UN
This paper tries to determine to what extent EU-US cooperation in the field of international peace and security is impacted by bilateral relations under the New Transatlantic Agenda versus multilateral dialogues. It employs Michael Smith's framework of 'bi-multilateral' negotiations in its analysis. The case studies explored are bilateral dialogues under the New Transatlantic Agenda alongside multilateral dialogues in the framework of the United Nations, the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and ad hoc fora such as the Middle East Quartet. The main finding is that bilateral and multilateral dialogues are complementary in EU-US cooperation on issues of international peace and security. Bilateral dialogues by themselves are not sufficient to effectively address complex international peace and security issues.
Multilateral dialogues can gain useful support, efficiency and a degree of legitimacy from good relations at the bilateral level. Moreover, ad hoc fora can be valuable additions which may complement both existing bilateral as well as multilateral EU-US dialogues. Finally, the choice of forum and the potential of EU-US cooperation are often considerably influenced by the nature of the issue under discussion.
2009-09
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/33534/1/BRIGG_2%2D2009_Lipstaite.pdf
http://www.cris.unu.edu/fileadmin/user_upload/BRIGG__2_2009_Lipstaite.pdf
Lipstaite, Simona (2009) EU-US Cooperation in International Peace and Security: Bilateral versus Multilateral Dialogues. Bruges Regional Integration & Global Governance Paper 2/2009. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/33534/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:33541
2012-05-09T20:18:43Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303137
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
The European Union’s Role in Promoting and Implementing the Responsibility to Protect in Africa: Turning Political Commitments into Effective Action. Bruges Regional Integration & Global Governance Paper 1/2011
Kirn, Andrej
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
EU-ACP
UN
At the 2005 World Summit, an important normative shift occurred in the definition of sovereignty as the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) gained prominence. This paper investigates how the European Union (EU) has promoted the R2P principle at the EU and the international level and to what extent the EU has channelled its support for R2P into concrete action in Africa. The paper shows that while the EU has remained an active supporter of R2P at the international level, this enthusiasm has not been transmitted into its own policies or championed by any EU Member State. The EU has at its disposal a wide range of crisis management tools, yet is still far from applying them through coherent action, let alone under the R2P umbrella. Africa has great potential in developing its own peace and security framework, but this remains a long-term project. In this regard, EU support remains essential through political dialogue, sustainable financing and concrete projects to strengthen the African Peace and Security Architecture.
2011-03
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/33541/1/BRIGG_1%2D2011_Kirn.pdf
http://www.cris.unu.edu/fileadmin/workingpapers/BRIGG_papers/BRIGG_2011-1.pdf
Kirn, Andrej (2011) The European Union’s Role in Promoting and Implementing the Responsibility to Protect in Africa: Turning Political Commitments into Effective Action. Bruges Regional Integration & Global Governance Paper 1/2011. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/33541/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:33543
2012-05-03T18:04:01Z
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7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303230
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As Time Goes by: EU Climate Change Actorness from Rio to Copenhagen. Bruges Regional Integration & Global Governance Paper 3/2011, September 2011
Heidener, Uldall
James, Thomas
environmental policy (including international arena)
UN
During the past two decades the European Union (EU) has increasingly come to be recognised as an important international actor in environmental politics. The failure of the EU to instigate an ambitious post-2012 environmental framework agreement at the Fifteenth Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Copenhagen in 2009 may, however, signal a change in the EU’s status as an international climate change actor. It raises the question of which conditions allowed the EU to be an actor in the first place. Drawing on the theoretical concept of actorness, the paper analyses the conditions for EU actorness in the area of climate change. It will be argued that for the EU to be an actor, all four criteria of actorness – recognition, authority, cohesion and autonomy – need to be present. While these criteria were present at the 1992 Rio Summit and the COP3 in Kyoto in 1997, a lack of autonomy and cohesion prevented the EU from being an international actor in Copenhagen.
2011-09
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/33543/1/BRIGG_3%2D2011_Heidener.pdf
http://www.cris.unu.edu/fileadmin/workingpapers/BRIGG_papers/BRIGG_3_2011_Heidener.pdf
Heidener, Uldall and James, Thomas (2011) As Time Goes by: EU Climate Change Actorness from Rio to Copenhagen. Bruges Regional Integration & Global Governance Paper 3/2011, September 2011. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/33543/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:34851
2012-05-06T23:40:37Z
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7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303230
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303139
74797065733D6F74686572
Expanding carbon markets through new market-based mechanisms. A synthesis of discussions and submissions to the UNFCCC. CEPS Special Report, 2 May 2012
Marcu, Andrei
energy policy (Including international arena)
environmental policy (including international arena)
UN
At the Durban meeting of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Parties to the Convention and observer organisations were invited to make submissions on a number of issues relevant to the discussions on various approaches, including opportunities for using markets, to enhance the cost-effectiveness of mitigation actions.
This Special Report, produced by the newly created CEPS Carbon Market Forum (CMF), reviews the submissions by Parties and observer organisations, with a view to facilitating progress in the expansion of a global carbon market. In this context, the report aims to contribute to the European debate on the development of new market mechanisms and carbon markets, as well as to the UNFCCC negotiating process. It attempts to identify some of the main issues that will need to be addressed this year, leading to the 18th Conference of the Parties (COP) in Doha, and discusses the various options proposed. As a first output of the CEPS CMF on this issue, and given the state of negotiations under the UNFCCC, it does not propose solutions.
2012-05
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/34851/1/Expanding_Carbon_Markets_through_NMMs.pdf
http://www.ceps.be/book/expanding-carbon-markets-through-new-market-based-mechanisms-synthesis-discussions-and-submissi
Marcu, Andrei (2012) Expanding carbon markets through new market-based mechanisms. A synthesis of discussions and submissions to the UNFCCC. CEPS Special Report, 2 May 2012. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/34851/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:39272
2013-01-21T21:37:33Z
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7375626A656374733D44:44303032:4430303268726469
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1 + 1 = 3? EU-US voting cohesion in the United Nations General Assembly. EU Diplomacy Paper 07/2012, September 2012
Lucas, Kirsten
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
EU-US
foreign/security policy 1950s-1992 (includes EPC)
human rights & democracy initiatives
UN
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
This paper investigates the factors that explain the voting cohesion of the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) on foreign policy issues in the United Nations
General Assembly (UNGA). It is often argued that the EU and the US are simply too different to cooperate within international organizations and thus to vote the same
way, for example, in the UNGA. However, there is still a lack of research on this point and, more importantly, previous studies have not analyzed which factors explain EU-US voting cohesion. In this paper, I try to fill this gap by studying voting cohesion from 1980 until 2011 on issues of both ‘high’ politics (security) and ‘low’ politics (human
rights) not only as regards EU-US voting cohesion, but also concerning voting cohesion among EU member states. I test six hypotheses derived from International Relations theories, and I argue that EU-US voting cohesion is best explained by the topic of the issue voted upon, whether an issue is marked as ‘important’ by the US government, and by the type of resolution. On the EU level, the length of Union
membership and transaction costs matter most.
2012-09
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/39272/1/edp_7_2012_lucas.pdf
http://www.coleurope.eu/sites/default/files/research-paper/edp_7_2012_lucas.pdf
Lucas, Kirsten (2012) 1 + 1 = 3? EU-US voting cohesion in the United Nations General Assembly. EU Diplomacy Paper 07/2012, September 2012. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/39272/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:39404
2019-12-10T21:45:30Z
7374617475733D707562
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7375626A656374733D45:45303031
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:4430303268726469
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Reaching for a Calculator or a Mirror? Why the EU Joins International Human Rights Treaties. EU Diplomacy Paper 01/2013
Stiegler, Thomas
human rights & democracy initiatives
Council of Europe
UN
Why does the European Union (EU) join international human rights treaties? This
paper develops motivational profiles pertaining either to a ‘logic of appropriateness’
or a ‘logic of consequentialism’ in order to answer this question. It compares
the EU’s motivations for its recent accession to the United Nations Convention on the
Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) with those dominating the EU’s nonaccession
to the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating
violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention). Based on this
cross-case analysis, I argue that the EU’s accession decisions are best viewed as
cost-benefit calculations and explained by the strength of opposition and the desire
to spread its norms. The EU is only marginally concerned with efforts to construct an
‘appropriate role’, although its accession considerations are positively influenced by
(varying degrees) of an internalized commitment to human rights. The paper aims at
deepening the understanding of the EU’s motivations in the paradigmatic hard case
of accession to international human rights treaties not least to evaluate the EU’s
‘exceptional nature’, facilitate its predictability for stake-holders and contribute to
political and ethical debates surrounding future rites of passage as a global actor.
2013-01
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/39404/2/edp_1%2D2013_stiegler_0.pdf
http://www.coleurope.eu/sites/default/files/research-paper/edp_1-2013_stiegler_0.pdf
Stiegler, Thomas (2013) Reaching for a Calculator or a Mirror? Why the EU Joins International Human Rights Treaties. EU Diplomacy Paper 01/2013. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/39404/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:40230
2014-08-07T01:37:51Z
7374617475733D707562
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Brazilian climate policy since 2005: continuity, change and prospective. CEPS Working Document No. 373, February 2013
Viola, Eduardo
environmental policy (including international arena)
EU-Latin America
G7/G8/G20
UN
In the five-year period 2005-09, Brazil has dramatically reduced carbon emissions by around 25% and at the same time has kept a stable economic growth rate of 3.5% annually. This combination of economic growth and emissions reduction is unique in the world. The driver was a dramatic reduction in deforestation in the Amazonian forest and the Cerrado Savannah. This shift empowered the sustainability social forces in Brazil to the point that the national Congress passed (December 2009) a very progressive law internalising carbon constraints and promoting the transition to a low-carbon economy. The transformation in Brazil’s carbon emissions profile and climate policy has increased the potentialities of convergence between the European Union and Brazil.
The first part of this paper examines the assumption on which this paper is based, mainly that the trajectory of carbon emissions and climate/energy policies of the G20 powers is much more important than the United Nations multilateral negotiations for assessing the possibility of global transition to a low-carbon economy. The second part analyses Brazil’s position in the global carbon cycle and public policies since 2005, including the progressive shift in 2009 and the contradictory dynamic in 2010-12. The final part analyses the potential for a transition to a low-carbon economy in Brazil and the impact in global climate governance.
2013-02
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/40230/1/WD_373_Viola_Brazilian_Climate_Policy.pdf
http://www.ceps.be/book/brazilian-climate-policy-2005-continuity-change-and-prospective
Viola, Eduardo (2013) Brazilian climate policy since 2005: continuity, change and prospective. CEPS Working Document No. 373, February 2013. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/40230/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:57858
2014-12-11T21:05:50Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303136:4430303230313643656E7472616C41736961
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
The Border Management Programme in Central Asia: Explaining the European Union's Choice of Implementing Partners. Bruges Regional Integration & Global Governance Papers 3/2014
Gartland, Josh
Central Asia
UN
Between 2003 and 2014 the European Union’s (EU) Border Management Programme in Central Asia was implemented by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). However, the latter’s implementing responsibilities have just come to an end, with the next phase of the programme to be implemented by an EU member state consortium. This paper seeks to explain why the EU chose the UNDP to implement the programme in the first place; why the programme was redelegated to the UNDP over successive phases; and why, in the end, the EU has opted for a member state consortium to implement the next phase of the programme.
The paper will draw on two alternative accounts of delegation: the principal-agent approach and normative institutionalism. Ultimately, it will be argued that both the EU’s decision(s) to delegate (and redelegate) implementing responsibilities to the UNDP, and its subsequent decision to drop the organisation in favour of an EU member state consortium, were driven for the most part by a rationalist ‘logic of consequentiality’. At the same time, a potential secondary role of a normative institutionalist ‘logic of appropriateness’ – as a supplementary approach – will not be discounted.
2014-11-25
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/57858/1/BRIGG_3_2014__Gartland.pdf
http://www.cris.unu.edu/fileadmin/workingpapers/BRIGG_papers/BRIGG_3_2014__Gartland.pdf
Gartland, Josh (2014) The Border Management Programme in Central Asia: Explaining the European Union's Choice of Implementing Partners. Bruges Regional Integration & Global Governance Papers 3/2014. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/57858/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:60802
2015-02-23T16:17:12Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:747068616A63636D636D
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
The UN General Assembly Resolution on Access to Legal Aid in Criminal Proceedings - an Example for Europe. IES Policy Brief Issue 2013/04 • May 2013
Willems, Auke
UN
criminal matters (organized crime, drug & sex trade)
Summary.
The EU’s attempts to adopt an EU-wide instrument on the right to access to legal aid in criminal proceedings have not been successful so far. The important issue was originally part of Measure C of the Roadmap for criminal procedural rights,1 but due to political difficulties legal aid was dropped from the agenda. However, on a different plane agreement was reached on this topic as the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) has adopted the world’s first international instrument dedicated to access to legal aid in December 2012.2 This policy brief argues that the EU should carry on in the ‘spirit’ of these recent developments and adopt a directive providing suspects and defendants with access to legal aid.
1 Council Resolution of 30 November 2009 on a Roadmap for strengthening procedural rights of suspected or accused persons in criminal proceedings, OJ C 295/1, 4 December 2009; hereafter will be referred to this Council Resolution as the ‘Roadmap’; for further information see M. Jimeno-Bulnes, ‘The EU Roadmap for Strengthening Procedural Rights of Suspected or Accused Persons in Criminal Proceedings’, 4 EUCrim (2009), 157-161.
2 United Nations Principles and Guidelines on Access to Legal Aid in Criminal Justice Systems, A/Res/67/187, 20 December 2012; from here on will be referred to this as the ‘Resolution’.
2013-04
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/60802/1/2013.4.pdf
http://www.ies.be/policy-brief/un-general-assembly-resolution-access-legal-aid-criminal-proceedings-example-europe
Willems, Auke (2013) The UN General Assembly Resolution on Access to Legal Aid in Criminal Proceedings - an Example for Europe. IES Policy Brief Issue 2013/04 • May 2013. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/60802/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:60844
2015-02-12T21:12:42Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:4430303268726469
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Linking Policy and Practice:The Case of EU-UNICEF Cooperation on
the Rights of the Child in Third
Countries. IES WORKING PAPER 4/2013
Pearson, Gosia
human rights & democracy initiatives
UN
This Working Paper offers detailed analysis of EU-UNICEF cooperation on the rights
of the child in the European Union's external relations, in particular as regards
linkages between the EU policy priorities and concrete actions to advance the
protection and promotion of child rights in third countries. It addresses a number of
crucial questions: how has the EU’s external policy on the rights of the child
developed over the past decade, what were these developments influenced by and
what role did UNICEF play in these processes; what is the legal and policy framework
for EU-UNICEF cooperation in foreign policy and what added-value it brings; what
mechanisms are used by the EU and UNICEF to improve child rights protection in
third countries and what are the motivations behind their field cooperation. The
study starts by examining the development of the EU’s foreign policy on the rights of
the child and covers the legal basis enshrined in EU treaties, the policy framework,
and the implementation instruments and then investigates the evolution of the EU’s
relations with the United Nations. The paper focuses on the EU’s cooperation with
UNICEF by looking into the legal and political framework for EU-UNICEF relations, the
policy-oriented cooperation and joint implementation of projects on the ground in
third countries. This section outlines the rationale behind the practical cooperation
as well as the factors for success and obstacles hindering the delivery of sustainable
results. Finally, the Working Paper concludes with suggestions on how EU-UNICEF
cooperation could be further enhanced following recent developments, namely the
2012 EU Strategic Framework and the Action Plan on Human Rights as well as human
rights country strategies.
2013-04
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/60844/1/2013.4.pdf
http://www.ies.be/working-paper/linking-policy-and-practice-case-eu-unicef-cooperation-rights-child-third-countries
Pearson, Gosia (2013) Linking Policy and Practice:The Case of EU-UNICEF Cooperation on the Rights of the Child in Third Countries. IES WORKING PAPER 4/2013. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/60844/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:85023
2017-03-13T16:54:58Z
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74797065733D6F74686572
What role for the EU in the UN negotiations on a Global Compact on Migration? CEPS Research Report No 2017/05, March 2017
Guild, Elspeth
Grant, Stephanie
UN
2015 Migration Movement
In January 2017, the UN began international negotiations for a Global Compact on Migration,
as called for in a General Assembly Resolution of 19 September 2016, called the New York
Declaration. The document calls for substantial consultation with regional bodies and
organisations and the participation of civil society in a transparent and open procedure.
Notwithstanding the promise of transparency, there is no information concerning which bodies
in the EU will participate in the process and how best to engage civil society. This paper sets
out the background to the resolution, which calls for two compacts: one on migration and one
on refugees (the second, led by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, is outside
the scope of this paper). It examines the political developments that have preceded the New
York Declaration and the role of the International Organization for Migration (IOM), which
became an UN-related organisation in July 2016. Two key issues are closely examined: i) existing
UN migration norms, previously adopted mainly in the framework of human rights
(conventions, General Comments of Treaty Bodies, Resolutions and Guidelines), that need to
be at the heart of the Compact and ii) the central role allocated to the IOM in aiding the
negotiation of the Global Compact. The agreement setting out the terms of the relationship
between the IOM and the UN acknowledges and reiterates the former’s status as a ‘nonnormative’
body. This paper argues, however, that it is important that this status of the IOM
does not become an obstacle to building the Global Compact based on the existing UN
normative human rights framework.
2017-03
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/85023/1/COMPACTS_RRpt_No_2017%2D05.pdf
https://www.ceps.eu/publications/what-role-eu-un-negotiations-global-compact-migration
Guild, Elspeth and Grant, Stephanie (2017) What role for the EU in the UN negotiations on a Global Compact on Migration? CEPS Research Report No 2017/05, March 2017. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/85023/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:94372
2018-08-23T18:00:17Z
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What Is It Like To Be a Non-Permanent Member
of The UN Security Council? Egmont Security Policy Brief No. 96
May 2018
Johan Verbeke, Johan Verbeke
UN
The UN Security Council undoubtedly is
the most prominent body of the world
organization’s institutional machinery.
Through its key executive decisionmaking
powers it addresses conflicts and
crises which constitute threats to
international peace and security. Its
decisions are binding on the entire
membership. While the five permanent
members of the Security Council have a
pretty clear view on their role in the
Council (permanence indeed helps), that
is less so for the non-permanent
members (potentially the bulk of the
remaining 188 UN members) who only
intermittently experience the Council, if
at all. This paper addresses the question
of ‘what is it like’ to be a non-permanent
member of the Security Council in a
straightforward way. No grand theories
or speculative flights are involved. Just
sound common sense. But common
sense, as some of us know, can be a
scarce resource.
2018-05
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/94372/1/SPB96.pdf
http://www.egmontinstitute.be/what-is-it-like-to-be-a-non-permanent-member-of-the-un-security-council/
Johan Verbeke, Johan Verbeke (2018) What Is It Like To Be a Non-Permanent Member of The UN Security Council? Egmont Security Policy Brief No. 96 May 2018. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/94372/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:95107
2018-12-07T14:01:33Z
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74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
Some EU governments leaving the UN Global Compact on Migration: A contradiction in terms? CEPS Policy Insights No 2018/15, November 2018
Carrera, Sergio
Lannoo, Karel.
Stefan, Marco
Vosyliūtė, Lina
migration Policy
UN
The United Nations (UN) Global Compact on Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration provides a nonlegally binding political instrument for deepening and strengthening international cooperation and coordination on migration policies. A few EU member states and their interior ministries have recently announced decisions not to sign this document at the upcoming inter-governmental conference to be held on 10 and 11 December in Marrakech (Morocco).
This Policy Insight examines the scope and significance of the Global Compact for EU Member States. It argues that the Compact does not create new legally enforceable obligations or a ‘human right for immigration’. By not adopting it, EU member states will actually have ‘less national sovereignty’ at a time when ensuring safer and regular immigration pathways to Europe is high on their agendas. They will also be neglecting the human rights of their own citizens when they travel, live or reside abroad.
Regardless of their position on Global Compact, all EU member states are already under a clear obligation to protect and uphold international and European Union law and human rights standards for all migrants and refugees. Human rights are a condition for legitimate sovereignty. Effective migration management can and should go hand-to-hand with rule of law and human rights. The adoption of the Global Compact on Migration, along with the accompanying Global Compact on Refugees, would serve European governments well in their interest to implement fairer and greater solidarity-based sharing of responsibilities on migration and asylum policies.
2018-11
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/95107/1/PI2018_15_SCKLMSVL_UN_Global_Compact_0.pdf
https://www.ceps.eu/publications/some-eu-governments-leaving-un-global-compact-migration-contradiction-terms
Carrera, Sergio and Lannoo, Karel. and Stefan, Marco and Vosyliūtė, Lina (2018) Some EU governments leaving the UN Global Compact on Migration: A contradiction in terms? CEPS Policy Insights No 2018/15, November 2018. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/95107/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:97083
2019-05-01T16:16:19Z
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74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
The EU’s Role in Implementing the UN Global Compact on Refugees Contained Mobility vs. International Protection. CEPS Paper in Liberty and Security in Europe No. 2018-04, April 2019
Carrera, Sergio
Cortinovis, Roberto
migration Policy
UN
asylum policy
The Global Compact on Refugees (GCR), adopted in December 2018 by the United Nations (UN) General
Assembly, expresses the political will of UN member states and relevant stakeholders to foster responsibility
sharing for refugees and their host countries. Among GCR key objectives is that of expanding mobility and
admission channels for people in search of international protection through resettlement and
‘complementary’ pathways of admission. The GCR provides a reference framework to critically assess
European Union (EU) policies in relation to two main issues: first, the role and contribution of the EU and its
Member States towards the implementation of the GCR in ways that are loyal to the Compact and EU Treaties
guiding principles; second, and more specifically, the main gaps and contested issues of existing resettlement
and complementary admission instruments for refugees and would-be refugees implemented at the EU and
Member State levels.
This paper argues that EU policies in the field of asylum and migration have been driven by a ‘contained
mobility’ approach, which has been recently operationalised in the scope of EU third country arrangements
like the 2016 EU-Turkey Statement. Under this approach, restrictive and selective mobility/admission
arrangements for refugees have been progressively consolidated and used in exchange of, or as incentives
for, third country commitments to EU readmission and expulsions policy. The paper concludes by
recommending that the EU moves from an approach focused on ‘contained mobility’ towards one that places
refugee’s rights and agency at the centre through facilitated resettlement and other complementary
pathways driven by a fundamental rights and international protection rationale.
2019-04
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/97083/1/LSE%2D04_ReSOMA_ImplementingGCR_0.pdf
Carrera, Sergio and Cortinovis, Roberto (2019) The EU’s Role in Implementing the UN Global Compact on Refugees Contained Mobility vs. International Protection. CEPS Paper in Liberty and Security in Europe No. 2018-04, April 2019. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/97083/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:98964
2019-11-01T15:53:29Z
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FUNDING THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS. ESRI THIRTY-THIRD GEARY LECTURE, 2004
Atkinson, A.B.
development
UN
At the Millennium Summit in September 2000, the states of the United Nations set out a vision of a global partnership for development, directed at the achievement of specific targets. Specifically, 189 countries signed up to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) summarised in Box 1. The concrete goals include the halving by 2015 of the proportion of people living in extreme poverty, halving the proportion hungry, and halving the proportion lacking access to safe drinking water. The objectives include the achievement of universal primary education and gender equality in education, the achievement by 2015 of a three-fourths decline in maternal mortality and a two-thirds decline in mortality among children under 5 years. They include halting and reversing the spread of HIV/AIDS and providing special assistance to AIDS orphans.
2004
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/98964/1/GLS33.pdf
Atkinson, A.B. (2004) FUNDING THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS. ESRI THIRTY-THIRD GEARY LECTURE, 2004. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/98964/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:100448
2020-02-05T17:48:18Z
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United in Adversity?
The Europeanisation of
EU Concertation Practices in a More Divided UN Security Council. College of Europe EU Diplomacy Paper 02/2019
Nunes da Silva, Hugo
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
UN
From China’s and Russia’s assertiveness to Donald Trump’s ‘America First’ policies, the 2010s have seen a return of geopolitics that challenges the European Union (EU) to its core. In this context, this paper investigates how the resurgence of geopolitical adversity has impacted EU concertation in a forum where foreign policy integration had long seemed impossible: the UN Security Council (UNSC). Drawing on a series of over 40 interviews, amongst other sources, it argues that increased geopolitical rivalries have fostered partial Europeanisation processes in the UNSC, as evidenced by the strengthening of institutionalised concertation practices and the construction and diffusion of new cooperation formats such as EU8 joint statements. This development being constrained by enduring limits to cooperation and the odds of Brexit, this paper identifies policy recommendations to further advance Europeanisation processes in the UNSC, while circumstances continue to favour EU cooperation in New York.
2019-08
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/100448/1/edp_2_2019_nunesdasilva.pdf
Nunes da Silva, Hugo (2019) United in Adversity? The Europeanisation of EU Concertation Practices in a More Divided UN Security Council. College of Europe EU Diplomacy Paper 02/2019. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/100448/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:102271
2020-01-14T16:06:20Z
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7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
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74797065733D61727469636C65
International Migration as Absolute Natural Law: An Inquiry into International Migration from the Perspective of Legal Philosophy
Ernst, Maximilian
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
UN
immigration policy
This paper investigates to what extent international migration law is coherent with the concept of migration as a natural human right. Based on the assumption that migration is an inherently human behavior, beneficial to humankind, and therefore natural law, an analysis of the most prominent sources of international migration law is undertaken. The result of the analysis shows that modern international migration law is largely in line with the concept of natural law, and that the criminalization of migration happens on the domestic level, where economic and populist motivations inform policy makers and shape the law.
Yonsei University
2016
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/102271/1/Maximilian%2DErnst_%2DINTERNATIONAL%2DMIGRATION%2DAS%2DABSOLUTE%2DNATURAL%2DLAW%2DAN%2DINQUIRY%2DINTO%2DINTERNATIONAL%2DMIGRATION%2DFROM%2DTHE%2DPERSPECTIVE%2DOF%2DLEGAL%2DPHILOSOPHY_copy.pdf
http://theyonseijournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Maximilian-Ernst_-INTERNATIONAL-MIGRATION-AS-ABSOLUTE-NATURAL-LAW-AN-INQUIRY-INTO-INTERNATIONAL-MIGRATION-FROM-THE-PERSPECTIVE-OF-LEGAL-PHILOSOPHY.pdf
Ernst, Maximilian (2016) International Migration as Absolute Natural Law: An Inquiry into International Migration from the Perspective of Legal Philosophy. Yonsei Journal of International Studies, 8 (1). pp. 14-29.
http://aei.pitt.edu/102271/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:103407
2021-06-08T15:27:28Z
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Accession of the European Union to the United Nations Human Rights Treaties: Explaining the Reasons for Inaction. College of Europe EU Policy Paper 7/2020.
de Silva, Monika
human rights & democracy initiatives
UN
This paper explores the puzzling question why the European Union (EU) – as a strong promoter of human rights in external affairs – does not seek accession to most of the United Nations (UN) human rights treaties. Several possible explanatory factors derived from preliminary research are examined: the EU’s internal and external context, the added value of accession, and the degree of internalization of the human rights norms in the EU. The example of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), to which the EU seeks to accede, is used for comparison. Based on an analysis of documents and secondary literature as well as interviews with various experts, the paper argues that the low level of internalization accounts best for the lack of EU interest in the ratification of the UN human rights treaties. The other variables are not really different from the case of the ECHR and make accession to the UN framework, in some aspects, even comparatively more attractive for the EU.
2020-11
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/103407/1/edp_7_2020_de_silva.pdf
de Silva, Monika (2020) Accession of the European Union to the United Nations Human Rights Treaties: Explaining the Reasons for Inaction. College of Europe EU Policy Paper 7/2020. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/103407/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:103411
2021-06-08T15:20:48Z
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7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303136
7375626A656374733D45:45303039
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Limits of Co-mediation: The EU’s Effectiveness in the Geneva International Discussions. College of Europe EU Diplomacy Paper 3/2020.
Panchulidze, Elene
European Council-Presidency
OSCE/Helsinki Process/CSCE
UN
conflict resolution/crisis management
On 12 August 2008, on behalf of the Council Presidency of the European Union (EU), French President Nicolas Sarkozy negotiated the Protocole d’Accord underpinning the establishment of the Geneva International Discussions (GID). The GID constitutes an international mediation format, co-chaired by the EU, the United Nations (UN) and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). The GID has often been criticized for lacking tangible outcomes. Besides, very little is known about the contribution of the EU as a mediating actor, especially with regard to effectiveness. To address this research gap, this paper explores the EU mediation efforts in the GID. First, it evaluates EU mediator effectiveness through the analytical framework developed by Julian Bergmann and Arne Niemann. Second, it studies the conditions for EU mediator effectiveness. The analytical framework of Bergmann and Niemann proposes four key variables: (i) mediator leverage, (ii) mediation strategy, (iii) coherence, and (iv) conflict context. To this, the paper adds (v) mediator co-ordination since the institutional set-up of the GID includes two other co-chairs (i.e. co-mediation). The study finds that EU mediator effectiveness varies from medium to low, depending on the type of conflict issues (major/minor) addressed at the negotiation table. Although the GID did not succeed in reaching agreements on major conflict issues, such as the creation of International Security Arrangements and an agreement on the return of Internally Displaced Persons, it paved the way to cooperation on minor conflict issues like cultural heritage, humanitarian problems and environmental threats.
2020-03
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/103411/1/edp_3_2020_panchulidze.pdf
Panchulidze, Elene (2020) Limits of Co-mediation: The EU’s Effectiveness in the Geneva International Discussions. College of Europe EU Diplomacy Paper 3/2020. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/103411/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:103418
2021-06-08T15:33:56Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:103672
2021-10-20T17:09:26Z
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When female peacekeepers’ “added value” becomes an “added burden.” Egmont Commentary 23 November 2020.
Wilén, Nina
UN
conflict resolution/crisis management
Calls for the increased participation of uniformed United Nations female peacekeepers have multiplied in recent years, fueled in part by new scandals of peacekeepers’ sexual abuse and exploitation (SEA), tarnishing the UN’s reputation, and in part by the will to show explicit progress at the 20th anniversary of the adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security. Linked to these calls, numerous UN reports and policy documents have emphasised the “added value” that female peacekeepers can bring, explaining how their increased participation can render peace operations more effective and efficient. As these arguments about women’s “added value” as peacekeepers are mostly promoted by organisations that strive to foreground women’s rights, we can assume that they are made with the hope that this will increase gender equality.
2020-11
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/103672/1/When_female_peacekeepers%E2%80%99_%E2%80%9Cadded_value%E2%80%9D_becomes_an_%E2%80%9Cadded_burden%E2%80%9D_%2D_Egmont_Institute.pdf
Wilén, Nina (2020) When female peacekeepers’ “added value” becomes an “added burden.” Egmont Commentary 23 November 2020. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/103672/