2024-03-29T01:46:35Zhttp://aei.pitt.edu/cgi/oai2
oai:aei.pitt.edu:210
2019-12-13T18:06:46Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D64697363757373696F6E7061706572
Multiculturalism and Ethnic Minorities in Europe. ZEI Discussion Papers: 2001, C87
Lever, Paul
Scotland, Baroness
Kühnhardt, Ludger
Sonntag-Wolgast, Cornelie
Oberndörfer, Dieter
Phillips, Trevor
John, Barbara
Voß, Josef
Öger, Vural
Singh, Gurbux
Csáky, Pál
Meehan, Elizabeth
Fleissner, Peter
discrimination/minorities
enlargement
Germany
U.K.
culture policy
[Foreword]. In the past year immigration and asylum, multiculturalism and race relations have been high up the political agenda in Germany and the UK. Both countries are home to a diverse range of ethnic communities, religions, cultures and languages. These communities enrich our societies and are a source of strength and innovation. But multiculturalism also presents challenges. How do we give people the rights and status they require to integrate into society, while maintaining social cohesion? How can we ensure our institutions do not discriminate against minority ethnic groups? How should our societies combat the fears and anxieties amongst our indigenous populations about levels of immigration? What does it mean to be British or German? The UK and Germany have traditionally taken different approaches to meeting these challenges. But it is important for us to co-operate increasingly closely, both bilaterally and within the EU. These issues have become all the more pertinent, in the light both of EU enlargement, which will extend freedom of movement to hundreds of thousands more people; and of demographic change throughout the EU, which is leading to increasing willingness on the part of governments to open up their labour markets to immigrants. The British Embassy Berlin and the Center for European Integration, Bonn (ZEI) addressed these questions at a seminar held in Berlin on 1 December 2000. We focused particularly on what governments can and should do to combat racism and promote integration; on the lessons the UK and Germany can learn from one another; and on the role of the European Union and the impact of increasing numbers of ethnic minorities and foreigners in the EU on European identity. The contributions to this seminar are reproduced here, with the aim of contributing to a deeper debate, of vital importance to Europe's future. Table of Contents: Opening Remarks, by Paul Lever; Introduction, by Ludger Kühnhardt; Creating a Multicultural Europe: the British approach, by Baroness Scotland; Integrating Foreigners: a German view, by Cornelie Sonntag-Wolgast; Multiculturalism – Enrichment of Society or Cause for Conflict?, by Dieter Oberndörfer, Trevor Phillips, and Barbara John; Combating Racism and Promoting Integration – The Role of Government, by Josef Voß, Vural Öger, and Gurbux Singh; Ethnic Minorities in the Light of European Integration, by Pál Csáky, Elizabeth Meehan, and Peter Fleissner.
Center for European Integration Studies, University of Bonn
Ronge, Frank
Simon, Susannah
2001
Discussion Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/210/1/dp_c87_ronge.pdf
Lever, Paul and Scotland, Baroness and Kühnhardt, Ludger and Sonntag-Wolgast, Cornelie and Oberndörfer, Dieter and Phillips, Trevor and John, Barbara and Voß, Josef and Öger, Vural and Singh, Gurbux and Csáky, Pál and Meehan, Elizabeth and Fleissner, Peter (2001) Multiculturalism and Ethnic Minorities in Europe. ZEI Discussion Papers: 2001, C87. [Discussion Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/210/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:646
2011-02-15T22:16:03Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:443030313033394575726F7065616E636974697A656E73686970
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The Impact of EU's Cultural Activities on Establishing a European Identity"
Kouveliotis, Kyriakos.
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
European citizenship
culture policy
European integration has historically been concerned with economic and commercial benefits, but now the aim is to take it further, starting with a broader base capable of involving citizens to a greater degree and strengthening the feeling of belonging to the European Union, while respecting the diversity of national and regional traditions and cultures. This development is reflected in the Treaty on European Union (Maastricht Treaty signed on 7 February 1992), which designates new areas of Community responsibility (education, youth, culture, etc.). The main aim of this paper is to attempt to explore the features, capabilities and prospects of EU’s Cultural Activities in order to present a different approach to the institutional development of the European identity. It is also an attempt to spell out some of the practical political implications of the cultural diversity of states within the European Union framework. Therefore, the main task of this attempt is to explore and access the cultural activities of the European Union. The paper first examines the institutional framework for cultural activities then, the analysis shall focus upon the specific policies , programmes and measures that promote the establishment of the so-called "European Identity", which will boost the European citizenship.
2000
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/646/1/ICKouveliotis.pdf
Kouveliotis, Kyriakos. (2000) "The Impact of EU's Cultural Activities on Establishing a European Identity". In: UNSPECIFIED, Corfu, Greece.
http://aei.pitt.edu/646/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:823
2011-02-15T22:16:25Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:4430303170707061
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
74797065733D61727469636C65
Walking the Tightrope – Cultural Diversity in the Context of European Integration
Leitner, Christine
public policy/public administration
culture policy
We all know that there are cultural differences between the countries, regions and ethnic groups in Europe. We are also aware, however vaguely, that these differences have a significant bearing on the political systems and the behaviour of individual actors. However, as yet, there is little practical understanding so far of how and to what extent this cultural diversity influences the overall functioning of the European Union. The purpose of this article is to raise awareness of this issue and to illustrate approaches to addressing the cultural aspects of European institutional life in a more conscious and proactive way with the aim of improving the efficiency of European administrative and political cooperation.
2000
Article
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/823/1/2000_1_3.pdf
Leitner, Christine (2000) Walking the Tightrope – Cultural Diversity in the Context of European Integration. EIPASCOPE, 2000 (1). pp. 1-5.
http://aei.pitt.edu/823/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2119
2011-02-15T22:21:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666676F7665726E616E6365
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6C616E6775616765706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Cultural pluralism and European polity-building: Neither Westphalia nor Cosmopolis"
Kraus, Peter A.
governance: EU & national level
culture policy
language policy
In view of the shortcomings of both "Westphalian" and "Cosmopolitan" approaches to the EU, the paper will follow a different path and argue that the regulation of cultural pluralism at he European level is characterized by the contradictions underlying the EU's institutional development. The principle of intergovernmentalism stresses the role of nation-states and tends to reaffirm the weight of national cultures. At the same time, however, European transnationalism offers possibilities for articulating cultural identities below and beyond the nation-state, contributing to some extent to the "denationalization" of political cultures. This is illustrated with examples taken from the area of European language policy. The last section of the paper deals with the potentials of a pluralist interpretation of the subsidiarity principle for inducing "reflexive identity management" in Europe.
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2119/1/002246_1.PDF
Kraus, Peter A. (2001) "Cultural pluralism and European polity-building: Neither Westphalia nor Cosmopolis". In: UNSPECIFIED, Madison, Wisconsin. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2119/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2360
2011-02-15T22:22:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6D656469616D65646961
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
“French Media Cultural Policy and European Integration: From National to European?”
Papoutsaki, Evangelia.
media
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
culture policy
France
It is not surprising that a conference on Europe takes place in America. Five hundred years after the Europeans discovered and began to form a “new world” in America, they set out to re-discover their “old world” at home. Will the European Union develop into a ever closer union or even a United States of Europe? Will it transform or even overcome the traditional nation-state? Only the future will provide definite answers. Nevertheless, certain trends of further development can be inferred from the present and past state of the Union. This paper focuses on a limited but critical aspects of European development that may be called the cultural dimension and in particular, the role of the media in the European integration. The aim is to follow the evolution of cultural and media policy in the EU through a combination of conceptual and policy analysis and its participation to the construction of a European identity. France serves as case study, an example of the national vs. the European.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2360/1/002916_1.PDF
Papoutsaki, Evangelia. (1999) “French Media Cultural Policy and European Integration: From National to European?”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2360/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2425
2011-02-15T22:22:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303338
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:443030313033394575726F7065616E636974697A656E73686970
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
“A Critique of European Audio-Visual Policy”
Woods, Lorna
Harrison, Jackie.
telecommunication policy
European citizenship
culture policy
This paper traces the development of the Community’s audio-visual policy from its origins in ECJ case law to the Television without Frontiers Directive (Directive 89/552/EEC, amended by Directive 97/36/EC), the introduction of the Article 128 EC and the Community cultural initiatives taken thereunder. These initiatives are particularly significant due to recent attempts to consolidate the EC’s constitutionalisation by the introduction of European citizenship. We question whether it is possible to utilise European audio-visual policy to consolidate European citizenship and create a Community image whilst maintaining the diversity of the member state cultures.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2425/1/002514_1.PDF
Woods, Lorna and Harrison, Jackie. (1999) “A Critique of European Audio-Visual Policy”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2425/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6158
2017-12-14T15:59:19Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
The Debate on European Values and the Case of Cultural Diversity. EDAP 1/2004
Toggenburg, Gabriel N.
culture policy
discrimination/minorities
‘Values’ have become a topic of discussion at the European level. This article tries to briefly track the reasons for this phenomenon as well as to detangle the foggy notion of ‘values’ in this context. The author differentiates between founding values, European ideas and common legal principles. All these different forms of European values differ in their respective legal and political character. Most importantly, they require a different level of European conformity. Special emphasis is given to the value of cultural diversity which can be considered, at most, a ‘self-restrictive’ value since it can be perceived from an inclusive perspective (including diversity within the states) or from an exclusive perspective (diversity amongst the states). Placing too much emphasis on the inclusive reading endangers the exclusive reading, and vice versa. In this context, the author refers to the new constitutional motto of the European Union as proposed by the constitutional treaty. Unlike the situation in Indonesia and South Africa (which both use the same motto) it does not seem to address subnational diversity. Instead, "united in diversity" aims at protecting national identities against excessive integration,and thus seems the very opposite of the US constitutional motto of "E pluribus unum".
Lantschner, Emma
Palermo, Francesco
Toggenburg, Gabrien N.
2004
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6158/1/2004_edap01.pdf
Toggenburg, Gabriel N. (2004) The Debate on European Values and the Case of Cultural Diversity. EDAP 1/2004. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/6158/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6160
2017-12-14T15:54:45Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
EU Film Policy: between Art and Commerce. EDAP 3/2004
Herold, Anna.
culture policy
The establishment of the European internal market has involved the cinematographic sector as a result of its economic nature. However, film, as a cultural medium, does not lend itself easily to the trends towards uniformity, inherent in the process of economic integration. This becomes visible in the relationship between national cinematographic legislation, reflecting cultural values, and the free market philosophy pursued within the European integration process. There seems to be a contradiction between national measures, which seek to correct the workings of the market, and the efforts to establish a European common market for audiovisual goods and services. This situation has been further complicated by the introduction of Article 151 into the EU legal order by the Maastricht Treaty, which recognised protection of cultural values as one of the EU constitutional tasks. However, it happened without calling into question the acquis communautaire on cultural matters. As a result, the audiovisual policy at the EU level is characterised by a contradiction between the economic logic of market integration and the goal of preservation of cultural diversity. The inherent conflict between these two objectives becomes very clear when looking at the development of the European film policy. This policy agenda creates an amalgam of two not easily reconcilable aims: promotion of cultural diversity and establishment of an internal film market. This horizontal tension is exacerbated by the clash between the European competition policy measures affecting the film sector and the national cultural policy considerations, which demonstrates how controversial remains the vertical power sharing within the EU. The aim of this paper is to investigate, on the basis of the European Commission policy documents and practice, these two-level tensions within the framework of the European film policy and draw conclusions for its future sustainability.
Lantschner, Emma
Palermo, Francesco
Toggenburg, Gabriel N.
2004
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6160/1/2004_edap03.pdf
Herold, Anna. (2004) EU Film Policy: between Art and Commerce. EDAP 3/2004. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/6160/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6161
2017-12-14T15:57:01Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:696E7465726E6174696F6E616C7472616465
7375626A656374733D45:45303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
The ‘Cultural Industries’: A Clash of Basic Values? A Comparative Study of the EU and the NAFTA in Light of the WTO. EDAP 4/2004
Neuwirth, Rostam J.
GATT/WTO
culture policy
international trade
Originally coined in the 1940s by protagonists of the Frankfurt School, the concept of ‘culture industry’ was gradually transformed from a derogatory term into the potentially more constructive concept ‘cultural industries’ in the context of the global culture and trade debate. The present article uses three paintings by the Belgian painter René Magritte to visually outline the framework of the conceptual and perceptive challenges, which were introduced by the various technological innovations underlying the various sectors embraced by the cultural industries and highlights some of the consequences these entail for the regulation of international trade. In particular, two legal precedents concerning the periodicals industry -involving, on the one hand, the EU and, on the other hand, the NAFTA and the WTO - are used to highlight the potential for a clash between cultural and commercial considerations as they are conceptually combined in the cultural industries. For the sake of greater clarity it is shown that in the overall regulatory process such a clash can occur either at the level of the legal idea, or the legal norm, or the legal decision. The article concludes by emphasising the need for a balance between cultural and commercial considerations with a view of their mutual reconciliation in the regulation of international trade, both at the global as well as the regional level.
Lantschner, Emma
Palermo, Francesco
Toggenburg, Gabriel N.
2004
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6161/1/2004_edap04.pdf
Neuwirth, Rostam J. (2004) The ‘Cultural Industries’: A Clash of Basic Values? A Comparative Study of the EU and the NAFTA in Light of the WTO. EDAP 4/2004. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/6161/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6167
2017-12-14T16:07:33Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
7375626A656374733D45:45303130
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
EU Participation in the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions: Some Constitutional Remarks. EDAP 3/2005
Ferri, Delia.
culture policy
UN
Culture, in its prescriptive definition, is crucial concept for building a peaceful and open Europe as envisaged in the EC and EU Treaties, as well as in the Constitutional Treaty. For this reason, just after the third phase of intergovernmental negotiations that took place from 25 May to 4 June 2005, and with regard to the complexity and changing dimensions of this issue, it is important to underscore the significance of cultural diversity for European polity. More precisely, it seems useful to consider more deeply what is happening in the UNESCO seat in the context the EU/EC as a “cultural democracy” through analysis of the present juridical status of competence within the European system in the cultural field. First, however, special attention should be paid to this Convention because it seems to represent an important step towards unified international action, also within the sensitive and peculiar field of culture. After a critical overview, this article focuses on the participation of the EU/EC in this negotiation, regarding it as a paradigmatic example of European action in an international forum and, at the same time, as a factor for the restructuring of competences within the European Community/Union system. The paper argues that the substantial re-allocation of competences in the cultural field emerging during these negotiations points towards a more pluralistic shape of the EU/EC, and can easily represent a new trend in cultural action, characterized by the dialectical tension between cultural regulation and freedom of culture.
Lantschner, Emma
Palermo, Francesco
Toggenburg, Gabriel N.
2005
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6167/1/2005_edap03.pdf
Ferri, Delia. (2005) EU Participation in the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions: Some Constitutional Remarks. EDAP 3/2005. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/6167/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7224
2011-02-15T22:47:02Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303338
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6D656469616D65646961
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Knowing No Boundaries: EC Television and the Establishment of a United European Culture"
Hanson, Jarice.
media
telecommunication policy
culture policy
Contemporary television has many purposes within a society. It can support traditional beliefs, foster new ideas, support or subvert social policy, and it can be used for much greater political purposes than to merely inform or entertain. As the European Community experiences market forces that change the type of television and the availability of video content, the social uses and the former government or industry philosophies will undoubtedly clash. Moreover, satellite, cable, videocassette and videodisc technologies are changing traditional media behaviors as well as offering new business opportunities and markets for visual content. This presentation focuses on the role of television and related technologies as they bring regional, national, inter, and intra-national information and entertainment into homes within the European Community. Structural issues of media institutions within nations and policies created to control television content are discussed and a proposal to ensure the viability of domestic television that concentrates on the perpetuation of regional culture is proposed.
1991
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7224/1/002472_1A.pdf
Hanson, Jarice. (1991) "Knowing No Boundaries: EC Television and the Establishment of a United European Culture". In: UNSPECIFIED, Fairfax, Virginia. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/7224/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7397
2020-01-09T22:01:45Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030317375737461696E61626C65646576656C6F706D656E74
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
7375626A656374733D46:46303232
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
An Econometric Analysis of Willingness to Pay for Sustainable Development: A Case Study of the Volcji Potok Landscape Area. ENEPRI Working Paper, No. 53, 3 May 2007
Verbic, Miroslav,
Slabe Erker, Renata.
culture policy
sustainable development
Slovenia
When the market for a certain good is sufficiently competitive, economic activities can be studied through the market-pricing mechanism. Because this is usually not feasible in the case of environmental goods with an embodied natural and cultural heritage, particular methods for economic valuation of such goods have to be applied. This working paper presents the economic valuation of the Landscape Development and Protection Area of Volcji Potok, which is an important Slovenian cultural landscape with internationally recognised characteristics. For this purpose, we have chosen the method of contingent valuation and performed an econometric analysis of stated and true willingness-to-pay for targeted, sustainable development of the area. We have obtained the value of willingness-to-pay and identified its determinants. We have also attempted to control for different biases that arise in such analyses. Finally, we have used the adjusted, average individual value of willingness-to-pay to calculate the aggregate willingness-to pay.
2007-05
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7397/2/7397.pdf
Verbic, Miroslav, and Slabe Erker, Renata. (2007) An Econometric Analysis of Willingness to Pay for Sustainable Development: A Case Study of the Volcji Potok Landscape Area. ENEPRI Working Paper, No. 53, 3 May 2007. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/7397/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7429
2017-12-14T16:19:57Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:443030326673703139353031393932657063
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Die Europaische Union und das Volkerrecht kultureller Vielfalt – Aspekte einer wunderbaren Freundschaft. = The European Union and the international law of cultural diversity - aspects of a wonderful friendship. EDAP 1/2007
von Bogdandy, Armin.
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
culture policy
foreign/security policy 1950s-1992 (includes EPC)
Cultural Diversity is an important topos in the European Union. It is part of the Union’s self–portrayal, can be found in diverse legal instruments, is the rationale behind numerous legal provisions. At the same time, the concern for cultural diversity gives reason for grave reservations towards the Union. This article intends to assist, on the basis of international law, in distinguishing appearance and reality. The Union will be analysed firstly as a situation of application of the international law of cultural diversity, secondly as regional executive of this international law, and thirdly as its global promoter. It shows that international law and Union law reinforce each other. The former conveys to the Union instruments to pursue European unification which at the same time serve its own implementation. Furthermore, it does not set limits to the European unity since it only protects cultural pluralism but not state–supporting identity, distinctiveness. A prerequisite for this consonance is that the Union’s constitutional law allows for political unity without cultural unity and that international law remains mute about important questions on European unification. From an international law perspective, the motto of the Union thus is more illusion than reality; however, the international law perspective does not fully exhaust the problem. The conformity with international law alone cannot dissipate the concern for the future of cultural diversity in the Union.
2007
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7429/1/2007_edap01.pdf
von Bogdandy, Armin. (2007) Die Europaische Union und das Volkerrecht kultureller Vielfalt – Aspekte einer wunderbaren Freundschaft. = The European Union and the international law of cultural diversity - aspects of a wonderful friendship. EDAP 1/2007. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/7429/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7800
2011-02-15T22:50:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303039
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
France, immigration, and the policies of Culture: understanding the “French Integration Model”.
Escafre-Dublet, Angeline.
immigration policy
EU-US
culture policy
France
general
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
The common understanding of immigration in France tends to emphasise republican principles as a critical element to approaching the integration of immigrants in France. This gives major agency to republican institutions, such as the educational system, and assumes that the state has been blind to any specific ethnic belonging. Immigrants have been given, equal access to republican institutions thus allowing equal chances of success. However, in an effort to bring historical perspective to the practice of integration policies in France, I argue against the myth of the republican model. Policy makers have made practical decisions to cope with various situations, and as a result have often contradicted republican principles. Immigrants have been considered according to an underlying hierarchy of origin and cultural programs have been designed to approach each national group differently. I provide concrete evidence for the argument that highlights a discrepancy between the political discourse of a French model of integration at the core of the republic versus the reality of the policy making. By focusing on the cultural components of immigration policies I argue that discussions around cultural diversity are critical to understand the formation of French integration policy. Drawing on extensive research in the governmental archives from the 50’s to the 80’s, this paper investigates the state’s position on cultural diversity throughout the years in order to provide direct insight on integration policies. Firstly, the paper focuses on the cultural component of social programs designed to ease immigrant integration into the country during the post-colonial period. Secondly, the paper explores the state’s position on cultural diversity by investigating the discussion on immigrant culture in the Ministry of Culture. Thirdly, the paper provides a comparative perspective with the United States.
2007
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7800/1/dublet%2Da%2D03i.pdf
Escafre-Dublet, Angeline. (2007) France, immigration, and the policies of Culture: understanding the “French Integration Model”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Montreal, Canada. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/7800/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:8042
2011-02-15T22:51:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
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7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303130
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74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"What Are the ‘Right’ Incentives for Reform? A Panel Analysis of the Quality of Banking Sector Reform in the Post-communist Region"
Spendzharova, Aneta B.
EU-South-Eastern Europe (Balkans)
EU-Central and Eastern Europe
EU-Baltics
political parties
culture policy
general
IMF
business/private economic activity
This paper uses pooled cross-sectional time series analysis to examine the factors that push governments in the post-communist region to pursue good quality banking sector reform. I probe the impact of two important characteristics of the domestic political system: partisan politics and domestic alliances. I also test the effect of conditionality programs promoted by the IMF. The paper considers two alternative explanations of banking sector reform that are based on economic development and intrinsic cultural differences.
2007
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/8042/1/spendzharova%2Da%2D12b.pdf
Spendzharova, Aneta B. (2007) "What Are the ‘Right’ Incentives for Reform? A Panel Analysis of the Quality of Banking Sector Reform in the Post-communist Region". In: UNSPECIFIED, Montreal, Canada. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/8042/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:8908
2011-02-15T22:57:35Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
The Importance of the European Union’s Strategic and Diplomatic Cultures. Jean Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series Vol. 5 No. 16, July 2008
Mazzucelli, Colette.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
culture policy
[From the Introduction] This paper identifies culture as a variable underlying the establishment of a distinct policy area in the European Union (EU). An inquiry into the evolution of strategic culture in the Union must reference the agreement taken by Tony Blair and Jacques Chirac in 1998 at Saint-Malo. Why did these two leaders take a step in the direction of a European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP)? Do structural or institutional explanations trump the cultural analysis? In each case, the decision taken may be explained with reference to the culture of the country in question. Each leader was confronted with a tension between the need for his state to continue participation, to varying degrees, in the European integration process and the reluctance or indifference of the national population toward this objective. Culture is a variable that must be taken into account to explain the contestation resulting from gap between national leaders’ attempts to define their states’ medium to long-term interests at the center of European Union policymaking and the populaces’ attitudes of disinterest or downright hostility to these goals.
2008-07
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/8908/1/MazzucellDiplomaticiStrategicEUMA08ediEdi.pdf
Mazzucelli, Colette. (2008) The Importance of the European Union’s Strategic and Diplomatic Cultures. Jean Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series Vol. 5 No. 16, July 2008. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/8908/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9045
2011-02-15T22:58:33Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666676F7665726E616E6365
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7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
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European Union - New Impulses for the Decade Ahead = Europäische Union - Neue Impulse für die kommende Dekade. ZEI Discussion Paper C185, 2008
Pottering, Hans Gert.
governance: EU & national level
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
culture policy
subnational/regional/territorial
[From the Introduction]. I would like to discuss three issues today which are directly related to the important work of ZEI and to the opportunity which European integration is providing for the further development of academic life across the EU: • the opportunity of re-thinking the relationship between the different levels of governance in Europe; • the opportunity to contribute to the dialogue among cultures, which is especially dear to us in this European Year of Intercultural Dialogue; • the opportunity of a new form of encounter between Europe and other parts of the world.
2008
Discussion Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9045/1/dp_c185_Poettering.pdf
Pottering, Hans Gert. (2008) European Union - New Impulses for the Decade Ahead = Europäische Union - Neue Impulse für die kommende Dekade. ZEI Discussion Paper C185, 2008. [Discussion Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/9045/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9085
2011-02-15T22:58:48Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303439
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D67656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D46:46303334
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303139
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
The EU-Russia Review: Issue two. A report commissioned by the EU-Russsia Centre, November 2006. Egmont European Affairs Publication, 2006
Andoura, Sami,
Vahl, Marius,
Barysch, Katinka,
Alexandrova-Arbatova, Nadia,
Moshes, Arkady,
Monaghan, Andrew,
Entin, Mark,
Potemkina, Olga,
Mendras, Marie.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
energy policy (Including international arena)
Russia
culture policy
education policy/vocational training
general
This second issue of the EU-Russia Centre Review is devoted to the future of EU-Russia relations. There is hardly a more important subject for the EU than the relationship with its large neighbour and the important policy areas that include political and security cooperation, trade and economic affairs, energy, justice and home affairs, education, culture, science and technology. It is no secret that both the EU and Russia have been disappointed with progress under previous agreements. Both the 1997 Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA) and the 1999 strategic partnership have failed to live up to expectations. In the negotiations which the EU hopes to start with Russia early next year, there is an opportunity both for stocktaking and to move forward into a broader framework for a deeper partnership. But what type of agreement should replace the PCA and what are the implications? This is the theme of the article by Sami Andoura and Marius Vahl who consider a number of options including abandoning the PCA, extending it or replacing it with a new type of agreement. In discussing the alternatives the authors examine the legal basis for any accord and their analysis quickly reveals the complexity of the issue of the treaty article on which the EU should base the new agreement. They conclude that the perennial question of the competence of the EU and its member states inevitably arises as the EU is likely to seek a comprehensive, mixed, multi-pillar agreement that will require ratification by all 25, (soon 27) member states and the European Parliament. Katinka Barysch touches on the prospects for the common economic space. She also argues that progress in EU-Russia relations has been frustratingly slow and outlines the thinking behind the move towards establishing the common economic space. Initially, a working group report led to the adoption of the four common spaces at the 2003 St Petersburg EU-Russia summit. Then further road maps were developed and endorsed by the 2005 Moscow summit The author notes the limited achievements in the field of regulatory convergence, but insists that this is a key point for future cooperation. She also argues that a common economic space could help Russia diversify away from its current over-dependence on oil and gas in its economic structure. She reaches the conclusion that the problem is that the EU has limited means to influence Moscow to move in this direction and Moscow has no say in the formulation of EU rules and regulations. Russian perspectives on the future of EU-Russia relations are reviewed by Nadia Arbatova. She argues that the relationship is at a crossroads, and there are two possibilities - each going their own way or coming together to seek a partnership of equals. Russia is still searching for its true identity, while the EU itself is suffering an identity crisis as a result of difficulties with the constitutional treaty. Nevertheless, the author is confident that there will be a new extended treaty, as this possibility is supported by the Kremlin, leading ministries and business. The birth of a new strategic partnership between the EU and Russia could help lead towards a more open and transparent Russia. Arkady Moshes takes stock of the cooperation between the EU and Russia in foreign and security policy. He argues that, while it may look good on paper, the reality is different, with very little practical cooperation between the two sides. The author attributes this to a number of reasons including the lack of consensus within the foreign policy elite in Moscow, the impact of EU enlargement, differences over the shared neighbourhood and doubts about the EU as a cohesive actor. Moshes argues that the list of shared foreign and security policy interests between the EU and Russia is very long and if the internal problems on both sides could be overcome then cooperation could grow quickly. However, based on present trends this area is unlikely to be at the forefront of the relationship. Andrew Monaghan covers a rapidly growing priority area in the relationship, namely energy. He details the concern in the EU after Russia’s behaviour towards Ukraine in January 2006 and the veiled threats that Russia could easily divert its oil and gas supplies to Asia. The author argues that Russia is unlikely to try and blackmail the EU as it needs Europe for finance and technology to renew its outdated infrastructure. Asia is not, he believes an alternative to Europe, given the lack of pipelines to Asia and concerns about China. Prospects for closer EU-Russia energy cooperation are fairly good but several problems must be tackled, including Russian accession to, or observance of, the Energy Charter, more transparency in both cases and measures to ensure the sustainability of Russian gas supplies. Above all, he states, the EU needs to establish an internal energy policy if it wants to pursue a coherent external energy policy. Mark Entin reviews the rather limited cooperation between the EU and Russia in the fields of education, culture, science, research and technology. Both appear to be aware of existing problems and several working groups and commissions have been established to consider ways to expand cooperation. One of the main problem areas is the non-recognition of Russian degrees in the EU. Another issue hindering contact and progress, is the dismal lack of EU students studying Russia. But the author concludes on an optimistic note, believing that the potential in these areas is very high. Olga Potemkina assesses cooperation in the sensitive areas of justice and home affairs. She notes that this is a rapidly growing area of interaction even though this is not a priority in the current PCA. She discusses the prospects for visa-free travel between the EU and Russia and notes that both sides have a vital interest in tackling issues such as terrorism, drugs, human trafficking, etc., together. The author also notes the inherent problems of the Russian judicial system, still struggling to reform itself into a genuine independent structure. Finally, Marie Mendras argues that President Putin's Russia is authoritarian and clannish, controlled by powerful elite groups with little real interest in promoting a more open relationship with neighbouring Europe. She believes that the EU's inability to forge a common foreign policy towards Russia hinders progress still further and is a result of its lack of commitment, energy and invention. Older member states are criticised as reluctant to provoke the Putin administration, and this lack of any real engagement makes it easier for Russia to hide behind a curtain of isolationist rhetoric, designed mainly for home consumption. Any fresh impetus will have to come from the new, more outspoken and critical, EU members who are not afraid to bring issues to the table. The collection of articles in this Review provides a comprehensive overview of the state of EU-Russia relations on the eve of momentous negotiations to replace the PCA. They are all tinged with a healthy dose of reality, pointing to the opportunities to develop a new and genuine strategic partnership – if the necessary political will is there on both sides. It is to be hoped that our political leaders seize the opportunity.
Cameron, Fraser.
2006
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9085/1/REVIEW2_final.pdf
Andoura, Sami, and Vahl, Marius, and Barysch, Katinka, and Alexandrova-Arbatova, Nadia, and Moshes, Arkady, and Monaghan, Andrew, and Entin, Mark, and Potemkina, Olga, and Mendras, Marie. (2006) The EU-Russia Review: Issue two. A report commissioned by the EU-Russsia Centre, November 2006. Egmont European Affairs Publication, 2006. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/9085/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:11024
2011-02-15T23:12:10Z
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Reflecting on the European Year of Intercultural Dialogue. ZEI Discussion Paper No. 187, 2008
Figel, Ján.
culture policy
[From the Introduction]. The European Year of Intercultural Dialogue was initially conceived as the Barroso Commission came into office. When I brought this idea to the audience during my introductory hearing in the European Parliament, I saw it mainly as a response to the substantial changes in EU composition and the internal perceptions of people. Towards the end of 2004 it was clear that the European institutions should use their influence and visibility to put the issue of intercultural dialogue firmly on the table of European and national debates. A co-ordinated initiative was deemed necessary and even urgent because the social and cultural landscape had changed dramatically in many parts of Europe in the few preceding years.
2008
Discussion Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/11024/1/dp_c187_Figel.pdf
Figel, Ján. (2008) Reflecting on the European Year of Intercultural Dialogue. ZEI Discussion Paper No. 187, 2008. [Discussion Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/11024/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:12444
2011-02-15T23:20:41Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:4430303170707061
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
7375626A656374733D41:41303239
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Cultural policy in France - Genesis of a public policy category. GSPE Working Paper 10/28/2008
Dubois, Vincent.
public policy/public administration
culture policy
France
integration theory (see also researching and writing the EU in this section)
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
This paper is a partial translation of a book published in French, which puts forward a socio-historical analysis of the relationships between cultural and political/bureaucratic field. This analysis sheds light on the conditions of the emergence, shaping and institutionalisation of a State policy regarding culture in France, from the late 19th to the 20th century. In this perspective, what is now called "cultural policy" is considered as the product of the history of power struggles, wherein the main stakes are the legitimate definition of culture and the definition of the legitimate functions of the State. The historical comparison reveals that these power struggles have long hindered the shaping of a "cultural policy", which only took place starting in the early 1960s. It also shows that the persistence of these issues led to an "institutionalisation of vagueness" of a policy whose object could still not be precisely defined by the late 20th century. This research thus contributes to the history and sociology of the cultural field, as well as of the State and State intervention. By analysing the conditions and limits of a State definition of culture, it also sheds light on the modes of expression of the State’s symbolic violence. The notion of category of public intervention developed used in the context of this research is embedded in the elaboration of a broader framework of analysis, aiming to account for socio-historical processes of institutionalisation of groups, relational structures, representations and constitutive normative frameworks of what is called a policy.
2008-10
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/12444/1/WPDubois.pdf
Dubois, Vincent. (2008) Cultural policy in France - Genesis of a public policy category. GSPE Working Paper 10/28/2008. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/12444/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:52650
2019-10-24T18:00:52Z
7374617475733D7375626D6974746564
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74797065733D70726F63656564696E6773
Cultural Proximity and Bilateral Trade in the European Union
Cyrus, Teresa L.
culture policy
international trade
Since its origins, the European Union has been focused on removing the barriers to the full integration of its members’ economies. But while formal institutions have adapted, have informal social norms also changed? In this paper, I use the variables from the World Values Survey to
estimate the cultural “distance” between countries, with the goal of examining the extent to which cultural distance and bilateral trade are related. Gravity regressions are used to determine the extent to which cultural distance affects trade flows; I find that cultural distance reduces trade, but less for EU members than for the rest of the world. I then explore the determinants of cultural distance. For most country-pairs in the sample, trade is found to increase rather than decrease the cultural distance between countries, but for EU members, trade reduces cultural
distance.
2011
Conference Proceedings
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/52650/1/CYRUS.pdf
Cyrus, Teresa L. (2011) Cultural Proximity and Bilateral Trade in the European Union. [Conference Proceedings] (Submitted)
http://aei.pitt.edu/52650/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:52658
2017-07-21T17:04:29Z
7374617475733D7375626D6974746564
7375626A656374733D46:46303238
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
74797065733D6F74686572
Living in Parallel Universes? The implementation of EU rules on movable cultural heritage in Bulgaria
Dimitrova, Antoaneta
Steunenberg, Bernard
culture policy
Bulgaria
This paper proposes an analytical framework, which we use to examine the implementation of the European Union’s policy on movable cultural heritage. We apply this framework to the case of transposition and implementation of the EU rules regarding movable cultural heritage in Bulgaria. We
find different implementation outcomes stemming from one and the same formal policy. Due to high levels of polarization between political decision makers, the implementing actors have broad discretion to apply different informal policies. In depth analysis of implementation also suggests that under these conditions different implementing players have followed their normative orientations and applied completely different informal policies. Different implementing actors apply different policies and, thus, as it were, they live in parallel universes where different implementation practices exist.
2011
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/52658/1/DIMITROVA.pdf
Dimitrova, Antoaneta and Steunenberg, Bernard (2011) Living in Parallel Universes? The implementation of EU rules on movable cultural heritage in Bulgaria. UNSPECIFIED. (Submitted)
http://aei.pitt.edu/52658/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:52871
2020-01-04T20:10:39Z
7374617475733D7375626D6974746564
7375626A656374733D46:46303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
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Musealizing the European Union and Its History: Institutions, Actors and Networks
Kaiser, Wolfram
culture policy
Ireland
The two chapters employ the concepts of MLG and networks to capture the character of the politics and policy-making of cultural policy in the EU with a particular focus on more recent attempts at the Europeanisation of (history) museums through (inter alia) changing their content and narratives. The concepts are, however, employed as heuristic tools only in these draft chapters for a book written for a cross-disciplinary audience and a larger market including museum practitioners. The research is based on wide-ranging document analysis, visits to and the analysis of some 90 museums and temporary exhibitions across Europe and some 60 interviews with politicians and officials involved in cultural policy making in state institutions at European and national levels as as well as societal actors including NGOs, historians and museum directors and curators.
The core arguments in these two draft chapters and this part of the forthcoming book are as follows:
1. Due to the EU‟s still very limited formal competences in cultural policy and the crucial importance of this policy field for national and regional polities and identities, politics and policy-making in the field of culture is very highly fragmented. As a result, the limited existing works by sociologists like Chris Shore and political scientists like Tobais Theiler and Annabelle Littoz-Monnet (for references see the bibliography at the end of the draft chapters), which focus exclusively on “Brussels”, fail to capture the complexity of this field.
2. My draft chapters and our book aim to overcome these limits with a two-fold strategy: first, I broaden the perspective to discuss a multitude of state actors in the specific field of musealization of the European Union and European integration to include national and especially regional actors. The research shows that regional actors in cultural fragmented and constitutionally decentralized or federal member-states buy
2
into the Europeanization agenda because it strengthens regional narratives and
identities. Even in member-states like France with constitutionally comparatively
weak regions, but quite strong regional identities in some parts, some regions strongly
support the European embedding of their museal representation strategies to enhance
the legitimacy of their powers and to strengthen regional identity.
3. Secondly, I argue that it is crucially necessary to go beyond the study of state actors in
the museum field (and cultural heritage more generally). In the second chapter I
discuss the role of professional groups (esp. historians and museum practitioners) in
the Europeanization processes we observe, their partly formalized but largely informal
networking activities and the particular role of individual cultural entrepreneurs. This
broadly transnational sociological perspective demonstrates that attempts to
transnationalize and Europeanize museal narratives are to a large degree driven from
below and not entirely dependent on EU initiative or funding, although they draw
upon it wherever possible.
4. This research challenges in particular the strongly normative idea in Shore (2000) and
similar works that the EU approach to cultural policy is hierarchical and instrumental
and that this is outdated and bad. Instead, cultural politics and policy-making is best
understood as a highly disorganized and chaotic field with multiple state and non-state
actors with very different motivations and objectives. Even at EU level, the politics
and policy-making of cultural integration is less geared towards policy-making than
what might be called project-making, i.e. inserting particular agendas and ideas into
funding priorities and funding streams and obtaining such funding.
5. Moreover, the research also demonstrates that rational choice explanations are of
limited value for assessing the motivations of the multiple actors in this field, and in
the particular area of Europeanization of museums and historical narratives. It
becomes clear that many societal actors in particular are not just driven by gaining
access to funding. In fact, such funding is often insignificant, esp. in the Culture 2007-
13 programme as opposed to Interreg funding, for example, its administration is
excessively bureaucratic and its function is at best that of providing seed funding to
facilitate the establishment of more long-term cross-national forms of cooperation
among relevant actors like museums. Rather, many of the non-state actors are mainly
driven by their ideational beliefs. They include (inter alia) a strong belief that national
narratives, which have derived from nineteenth-century nationalism, are outmoded;
that museums have to transnationalize their working methods and content; that this
often means Europeanizing their content and narratives in the first instance, esp. in
member-states without a colonial tradition or non-European inward-migration; that in
representations of contemporary history this might mean strengthening references to
the EU, but less as an institutional space of politics and policy-making and more as a
economic and social space of ever closer communication and interaction; and that
such a transformation of museums and their content and narratives can also act as a
barrier against nationalist populist movements and political parties which have
recently had electoral success in member-states like Sweden, Denmark and the
Netherlands.
6. At the most general level, the draft chapters and the book as a whole argue strongly for
a perspective on culture and “Europe”, the EU and European integration which is
much less Brussels-centred and much less state-centric in its treatment of “Brussels”.
At the most general level, the chapters and the book also advocate a strongly transdisciplinary
cooperation across the social sciences and humanities which helps to
overcome the excessive focus of the limited political science research in this field on
state institutions and policy-making and of sociological research on “Brussels” and
EU-level elites neglecting the transnational and transnational elites.
2011
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/52871/1/KAISER.pdf
Kaiser, Wolfram (2011) Musealizing the European Union and Its History: Institutions, Actors and Networks. UNSPECIFIED. (Submitted)
http://aei.pitt.edu/52871/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:59063
2015-01-13T16:16:37Z
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7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:676C6F62616C69736174696F6E676C6F62616C697A6174696F6E
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
The role of cultural attributes in inequality. ACES Working Paper No. 1, 2008
Malul, Miki
Shoham, Amir
culture policy
globalisation/globalization
general
This paper used cross country data in order to identify the variables that determine the inequality and poverty within countries. The main result is that culture differences have a significant role in the explanation of inequality and poverty differences between countries. Other interesting results are that globalization above a certain level contributes to inequality and poverty, and that inequality and poverty have an inverse U relation in relation to literacy.
2008
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/59063/1/ACESWP_Malul_Shoham_2008.pdf
Malul, Miki and Shoham, Amir (2008) The role of cultural attributes in inequality. ACES Working Paper No. 1, 2008. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/59063/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:59069
2015-01-13T16:21:09Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303439
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Society's level of literacy: A cross cultural study. ACES Working Papers No. 4, 2008
Shoham, Amir
culture policy
education policy/vocational training
In this study, the relationship between the country's level of literacy and its national culture will be explored. Cultural differences effect the way that people think and react. Culture is "the value shared amongst distinctive social groups and classes" (Soley and Pandya 2003, 206). House, et al. (2004, 57) define culture as "shared motives, values, beliefs, identities, and interpretations or meanings of significant events that result from common experiences of members of collectives and are transmitted across age generations." Dutch anthropologist Geert Hofstede (1991) considers culture to be "the collective programming of the mind. Culture is a stem of collectively held values" (Hofstede 1981, p. 240).
2008
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/59069/1/ACESWP_Shoham_2008.pdf
http://transatlantic.sais-jhu.edu/ACES/ACES_Working_Papers/Working%20Papers
Shoham, Amir (2008) Society's level of literacy: A cross cultural study. ACES Working Papers No. 4, 2008. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/59069/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:59084
2015-01-08T19:22:32Z
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Changing cultural clusters: A research note. ACES Working Papers, August 2009
Shoham, Amir
culture policy
The purpose of this research note is to investigate the changing cultural clusters that emerged between the studies of Hofstede (1970s) and GLOBE (1990s) using similar measures and overlapping countries. Our study analyzes the world's cultural clusters using two seminal and comparable cultural classifications: Hofstede and GLOBE. Four common cultural dimensions are empirically examined: individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity. We use two leading methods from cluster analysis and display data in both dandrograms and pie chart forms showing the grouping of countries. Our results suggest diverging cultural typologies that transcend geography, language, and religion. Countries are engaged in selective cultural borrowing that leads to new and changing global cultural structures.
2009-08
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/59084/1/ACESWP_Shoham_2_2009.pdf
Shoham, Amir (2009) Changing cultural clusters: A research note. ACES Working Papers, August 2009. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/59084/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:93117
2018-02-01T21:04:37Z
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Europe’s enabling power: an EU strategy for international cultural relations. College of Europe Policy Brief #2.17, February 2017
Helly, Damien
culture policy
Executive Summary
> The EU’s current existential crisis underlines the
cultural weaknesses of the European integration
project and its disconnect with European societies
and identities.
> In a rapidly changing world shaped by intertwined
transnational cultural and technological flows,
managing the variety of Europeans cultures and
their interactions with the globe has become a
strategic priority.
> There is an appetite among countries and civil
societies outside of the EU for more cultural
relations with Europeans.
> The 2016 Joint Commission and High
Representative Communication on an ‘EU strategy
for international cultural relations’ is the first of its
kind. Its main purpose is to put culture on the EU
external action agenda, to signal that Europeans
have cultural ‘soft power’ abroad, and to
encourage them to use the EU as an enabler of their
cultural relations.
2017-02
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/93117/1/helly_cepob_2%2D17_final.pdf
https://www.coleurope.eu/page-ref/cepob-college-europe-policy-brief-series
Helly, Damien (2017) Europe’s enabling power: an EU strategy for international cultural relations. College of Europe Policy Brief #2.17, February 2017. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/93117/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:93966
2018-08-14T19:27:24Z
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7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303133
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:443030324575726F7065616E4E65696768626F7572686F6F64506F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303138
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
Culture in the ENP South: Broad Ambitions, Little Strategy, Insufficient Means
Trobbiani, Riccardo
culture policy
EU-Middle East
EU-North Africa/Maghreb
regionalism, international
European Neighbourhood Policy
This policy brief analyses the key shortcomings of EU cultural cooperation in the ENP South and proposes recommendations for reform. It looks at both the strategies and instruments in place. Euro-Mediterranean cultural relations lack strategic thinking. On the one hand, EU policies on cultural cooperation fail to design a region-specific plan. On the other hand, EU external policies including the ENP do not clarify the role of culture and its relative importance vis-à-vis other foreign policy tools. Partially because of this lack of strategy, EU action remains short-termed, based on a donor-recipient relationship and under-resourced compared to its objectives.
2018-05
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/93966/1/0bc3be_9addd7046d1c4565a6f334baf3dbef49.pdf
Trobbiani, Riccardo (2018) Culture in the ENP South: Broad Ambitions, Little Strategy, Insufficient Means. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/93966/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:94341
2018-08-03T14:16:06Z
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7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
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Audiovisual media in the digital era: An industrial strategy
needed to safeguard cultural diversity. EPC Policy Brief, 6 July 2018
Huguenot-Noël, Robin
culture policy
information society
Today, Europeans can watch their favourite programmes
on their television, their computers or their mobile devices.
They can broadcast live videos, create and share content
on online platforms or their own channels. In this context,
significant technological and behavioural transformations
have transformed Europe’s audiovisual industry.
2018-07
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/94341/1/pub_8671_audiovisualmedia.pdf
http://www.epc.eu/pub_details.php?cat_id=3&pub_id=8671
Huguenot-Noël, Robin (2018) Audiovisual media in the digital era: An industrial strategy needed to safeguard cultural diversity. EPC Policy Brief, 6 July 2018. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/94341/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:97091
2019-05-26T18:43:53Z
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7375626A656374733D46:46303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303136:4430303230313643656E7472616C41736961
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
The New EU Strategy for Central Asia: A Case for Cultural Diplomacy. IES Policy Brief No. 6, April 2018
Issue
Valenza, Domenico
culture policy
Central Asia
Belgium
In June 2017, on the tenth anniversary of the first Central Asia Strategy, the Council of the European Union invited High Representative Federica Mogherini and the European Commission (EC) to draw a proposal for a new Strategy by late 2019. The Council's decision provides a pivotal opportunity to review the significant shortcomings of the previous Strategy and to assess the evolving regional environment, in which Russia and China have consolidated their influence.
By presenting four possible strategies for future EU engagement, this policy brief argues that rather than increasing or reducing ‘hard’ commitments or keeping the same agenda, the new Strategy should enhance EU cultural diplomacy in the region. In line with the increased emphasis on the role of culture in European external action, EU cultural diplomacy should meet local citizenry’s aspirations and demands, and give Brussels a comparative advantage over other regional powers.
2018
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/97091/1/ELCSID_Policy_Brief_2018_06_0.pdf
Valenza, Domenico (2018) The New EU Strategy for Central Asia: A Case for Cultural Diplomacy. IES Policy Brief No. 6, April 2018 Issue. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/97091/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:97232
2019-05-26T18:52:31Z
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7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303332
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
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The Role of Foreign Correspondents in Cultural and Science Diplomacy. IES Policy Brief No. 12, October 2018
Terzis, Georgios
Armstrong, Linsey
rtd (RTD) policy/European Research Area
culture policy
The media have historically been seen as builders of nations, namely through unifying experiences by providing a platform for citizens to exchange opinions on common public matters (Habermas, 1962/1989; Siapera, 2004) but also through comparative experiences by providing a platform to discuss their differences or similarities from citizens and systems of other nations. Foreign news reporting allows people to be aware about events and issues around the world, and can influence how people as well as institutions communicate and interact among themselves and with those of other nations (Obijiofor & Hanusch, 2011).
Decades ago, government officials and diplomats began to recognise the influence foreign correspondents (FCs) held as they provided home audiences with news from abroad. According to Archetti (2011, p. 2), “the image of the world foreign correspondents construct through their reports also constitutes the common knowledge base on which government officials and diplomats will take their decisions”. Throughout recent years, the role of foreign correspondents and challenges they face have changed, prompting questions about the profession, given their task of shaping the “image of a country to the eyes of foreign audiences” (Archetti, 2011).
2018
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/97232/1/Policy_Brief_2018_12.pdf
Terzis, Georgios and Armstrong, Linsey (2018) The Role of Foreign Correspondents in Cultural and Science Diplomacy. IES Policy Brief No. 12, October 2018. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/97232/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:97233
2019-05-26T18:49:58Z
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7375626A656374733D46:46303332
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
New Prospects in Turkey-EU Relations: How to Fix a Weakened Relationship through Cultural Diplomacy, Policy Brief No. 11, September 2018
Senocak, Naciye Selin
culture policy
Turkey
Turkey’s accession process within the European Union (EU) is a highly controversial issue. Throughout the last 50 years, Turkey’s engagement with the European integration project has faced various barriers and problems, despite the significant reform undergone by Turkey in line with EU policies and Copenhagen criteria. Since the failed coup attempt of July 2016, EU-Turkey relations have confronted additional challenges and conflicts of interests.
In June 2016, the European Commission presented the ‘Strategy for International Cultural Relations’ with the aim of encouraging cultural cooperation between the EU and its partner countries to promote a global order based on peace, the rule of law, freedom of expression, mutual understanding and respect for fundamental values1. Turkey has distinct importance in EU external policies; nevertheless, cultural misunderstanding, misinterpreted perceptions, ethnocentrism and axiological nihilism between Turkey and the EU remain strong sources of tension for Turkey’s putative accession to the EU.
2018
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/97233/1/Selin_Senocak_CEDS_Policy_Brief_2018_11.pdf
Senocak, Naciye Selin (2018) New Prospects in Turkey-EU Relations: How to Fix a Weakened Relationship through Cultural Diplomacy, Policy Brief No. 11, September 2018. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/97233/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:97394
2020-01-11T22:57:33Z
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7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
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EL-CSID Policy Brief 9: Diaspora and its role in the European
cultural diplomacy with Kazakhstan. Institute for European Studies Issue 2018/09, September 2018
Collins, Neil
Bekenova, Kristina
culture policy
Kazakhstan
The bilateral relations between Kazakhstan and the nine European Union countries examined in this policy brief are characterised by the existence of large ethnic communities or “beached diasporas”. In this policy brief, the European diasporas living in Kazakhstan are discussed in the context of European cultural diplomacy. The brief analyses their role and that of various specialised ethnic-cultural agencies in EU cultural diplomacy. It asks how the promotion of culture via diasporas can assist the EU in its cultural diplomacy.
2018-09
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/97394/1/ELCSID_Policy_Brief_2018_09.pdf
https://www.ies.be/policy-brief/el-csid-policy-brief-9-diaspora-and-its-role-european-cultural-diplomacy-kazakhstan
Collins, Neil and Bekenova, Kristina (2018) EL-CSID Policy Brief 9: Diaspora and its role in the European cultural diplomacy with Kazakhstan. Institute for European Studies Issue 2018/09, September 2018. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/97394/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:97395
2020-02-16T15:45:11Z
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7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303435
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303332
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303133
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303138
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
EL-CSID Policy Brief 10: Optimising the impact of European cultural,
science and innovation diplomacy in Egypt and Tunisia. Institute for European Studies Issue 2018/10
Hatzenberger, Antoine
rtd (RTD) policy/European Research Area
innovation policy
culture policy
EU-Middle East
EU-North Africa/Maghreb
This Policy Brief aims to understand how the EU’s endeavours in the fields of culture and scientific research have been received in Egypt and Tunisia, with the aim of developing a sustainable policy direction. After having identified examples of culture and science relations between the EU and MENA countries, the primary question was: What do the EU’s partners from the neighbouring countries in the South of the Mediterranean think of its approach to science, innovation and its enhancement of external cultural relations? The results of this study and the first conclusions of its analysis made it possible to make some recommendations to guide future EU policies.
2018-09
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/97395/1/ELCSID_PolicyBrief_2018_10.pdf
https://www.ies.be/policy-brief/el-csid-policy-brief-10-optimising-impact-european-cultural-science-and-innovation
Hatzenberger, Antoine (2018) EL-CSID Policy Brief 10: Optimising the impact of European cultural, science and innovation diplomacy in Egypt and Tunisia. Institute for European Studies Issue 2018/10. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/97395/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:97423
2019-12-13T17:55:37Z
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Multiculturalism. EU Centre Background Brief, 2nd January 2019
Khin, Jasmine
culture policy
The discourse on multiculturalism range from debates in political philosophy on what multiculturalism is and should be in theory to public debates by politicians and lawmakers on how to carry out multicultural policies. This background brief will make clear both the academic and political debates on multiculturalism, particularly as it pertains to the European Union. Unlike other western countries like the USA, Canada, and Australia, European nations only began to accept cultural diversity as a fact in the late 20th Century. This was preceded by postwar immigration and country-specific strategies taken to integrate the incoming foreigners. Hence, in discussing multiculturalism in Europe, this background brief focuses on multicultural policies as they are related to the integration of immigrants who came during the postwar migration wave. The measures taken by European countries to integrate immigrants are also pertinent to understanding current populist reactions and public discussions on the failure of multiculturalism. Since the 2015 migrant crisis, fault lines have been opened up in Brussels on how to handle the migration crisis and refugee settlement. The influx of asylum seekers has also been met with polarizing politics and the rise of identity and security concerns in various countries. This brief is a look at the narrative of multiculturalism in Europe and how it intersects with policies on migration and integration.
2019-01
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/97423/1/Multiculturalism.pdf
http://www.eucentre.sg/?p=16527
Khin, Jasmine (2019) Multiculturalism. EU Centre Background Brief, 2nd January 2019. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/97423/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:98555
2019-09-20T18:53:39Z
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CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN PARENTING PRACTICES. ESRI Research Bulletin 2010/4/4
Murray, Aisling
culture policy
There is an increasing acceptance across the disciplines of psychology, sociology and health that an individual’s development does not take place in a social vacuum (see for example Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ecological model, e.g. Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 2006). The development of infants, in particular, is influenced by their parents: relying on them for food, shelter, protection, health care and fostering development. Hence we might expect that those individuals and organisations which influence parents (grandparents, friends, the media) will also have an indirect, but important, influence on infants.
2010
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/98555/1/RB20100404.pdf
Murray, Aisling (2010) CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN PARENTING PRACTICES. ESRI Research Bulletin 2010/4/4. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/98555/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:98653
2019-09-16T14:30:49Z
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A two-way challenge: Enhancing EU cultural cooperation with Russia. Policy Contribution. June 2019
Valenza, Domenico
Bossuyt, Fabienne
culture policy
Russia
At a time of cooling relations, culture is arguably the European Union’s most powerful instrument to shape positive long-term relations with Russia. Against a convoluted international and domestic background, EU cultural action in the country is at present supported through a variety of financial instruments and programmes. Stakeholders and cultural operators agree that EU engagement in the cultural sphere plays a vital role in breaking civil society isolation and fostering long-term openness in Russia. However, in spite of considerable improvements, EU action in the cultural realm has still underutilised potential. To help the EU overcome this and thus unleash the transformative potential of culture, this policy brief proposes the following:
The EU should develop a country-based strategic approach to the role of culture in external relations with Russia. Building on the recently developed EU strategic approach to international cultural relations and drawing inspiration from the policy towards the Western Balkans, this new document should enhance EU ambitions and adjust current policies to the aspirations and needs of cultural operators and local authorities.
This country-specific strategy should involve Russian public authorities as partners, with a focus on local administrations and higher education institutions (HEIs), leading to a two-way and mutual approach to cultural relations. This rests on the principle that, without their involvement, EU cultural action in Russia is limited in scope.
Increased focus on mutuality should lead to adopting ‘cultural cooperation’ as a suitable label to refer to cultural action in Russia, instead of the currently used terms ‘international cultural relations’ and ‘cultural diplomacy’.
EU member states should agree on a bilateral framework on cultural cooperation and on a new programme co-funded by both the EU and Russia. This could be pursued in the framework of the new Creative Europe programme (2021-2027).
Within Cross-Border Cooperation (CBC) programmes, funding to support cultural initiatives should be increased and diversified, allowing non-public entities to benefit from a larger share of funding than the current framework allows. This could be done with specific calls for proposals targeting civil society organisations (CSOs) working in the arts, tourism, cultural heritage, and education.
At the same time, more flexible requirements should be adopted to broaden the boundaries of civil society and thus involve entities other than CSOs in the cultural field (e.g. non-registered organisations, for-profit entities, individuals and artists).
Support for smaller projects (under €50,000) should be increased within CBC programmes.
CBC programmes should all adopt a 2-step submission of concept notes and full applications to ease the administrative burden of smaller organisations.
2019-06
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/98653/1/PB2019_02_EU%2Dcultural%2Dcooperation%2Dwith%2DRussia.pdf
https://www.ceps.eu/ceps-publications/a-two-way-challenge/
Valenza, Domenico and Bossuyt, Fabienne (2019) A two-way challenge: Enhancing EU cultural cooperation with Russia. Policy Contribution. June 2019. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/98653/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:102565
2020-03-05T13:47:26Z
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Learning from the World: Good Practices in Navigating
Cultural Diversity. Bertelsmann Stiftung Study 2018
Spohn, Ulrike
Unzicker, Kai
Vopel, Stephan
culture policy
The Reinhard Mohn Prize 2018 “Living Diversity – Shaping Society” focuses on diversity
in German society, that is the plurality of cultural, religious and linguistic identities found
among the people who live in the country. With this focus, the RMP 2018 highlights a
variety of successful strategies for living peacefully in diversity. In historical terms, cultural
diversity is nothing new or unique for Germany. In fact, though we are often unaware of
it, cultural diversity has been a feature of our daily life for a long time. Indeed, religious
differences have shaped German society since the Reformation. And Judaism has always
been present in the area we now call Germany.
2018-05
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/102565/1/Study_LV_Learning_from_the_World_Good_Practices_in_Navigating_Cultural_Diversity_2018.pdf
Spohn, Ulrike and Unzicker, Kai and Vopel, Stephan (2018) Learning from the World: Good Practices in Navigating Cultural Diversity. Bertelsmann Stiftung Study 2018. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/102565/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:102594
2020-10-05T19:39:15Z
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Living in Cultural Diversity
Views and Preferences in Germany. Bertelsmann Stiftung Religionsmonitor. English Summary. June 2018
Benoit, Verena
Yasemin El-Menouar, Yasemin El-Menouar
Marc Helbling, Marc Helbling
culture policy
Germany
Based on the data from the 2017 Religion Monitor,
this special evaluation focuses on how people
in Germany view successful coexistence in the
presence of cultural and religious diversity. We
explored this in a representative survey based
on four typical approaches to living together in
diversity: cultural adaptation of immigrants to
the host society, the merging of different cultures
and traditions (fusion), the preservation
of different cultures, and the adaptation of the
majority population to traditions of the immigrants.
The goal was to determine, based on the
preferences of respondents for a particular model,
their views on how much one side ought to move
toward the other, the two sides ought to move
toward each other—or neither side should move
toward the other.
2018-06
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/102594/1/religionsmonitor_2017_Living_in_Cultural_Diversity_2018.pdf
Benoit, Verena and Yasemin El-Menouar, Yasemin El-Menouar and Marc Helbling, Marc Helbling (2018) Living in Cultural Diversity Views and Preferences in Germany. Bertelsmann Stiftung Religionsmonitor. English Summary. June 2018. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/102594/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:102617
2020-03-22T16:29:59Z
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7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
The European Union’s Multi-Level Cultural Diplomacy vis-à-vis the United States of America. Working Paper Series
W-2018/7
Trobbiani, Riccardo
Schunz, Simon
culture policy
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
EU-US
This paper examines how, to what extent and why the EU engages in cultural diplomacy vis-à-vis the US. While providing an empirical review of and conceptual reflection on the current state of the EU’s (including key member states’) efforts at employing cultural diplomacy vis-à-vis the US, the paper also strives to explain the forms of this activity. It argues that a multi-level EU cultural diplomacy in the US does exist, but that its potential is currently underused. As could be expected, the EU Delegation to the US seems to be most willing to pursue EU cultural diplomacy, whereas the extent of EU cultural diplomacy at the level of coordinated activities between the EU and the member states, as well as at the member state level remains low. This finding can be explained primarily with a latent competition between member states. While the general motivation to engage in cultural diplomacy can be interest- or value-driven – and is in the case of EU cultural diplomacy vis-à-vis the US arguably both –, it is undeniable that, in a country like the US, the interest-driven soft power competition that is often a key incentive for actors to engage in cultural diplomacy activities at all plays out negatively inside the EU. These findings are corroborated by a brief discussion of the potential acceptance of EU cultural action in the US, which highlights how, despite positive perceptions of European culture as such, the EU is hardly recognized as an actor in the field of culture.
2018
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/102617/1/2018.7.pdf
Trobbiani, Riccardo and Schunz, Simon (2018) The European Union’s Multi-Level Cultural Diplomacy vis-à-vis the United States of America. Working Paper Series W-2018/7. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/102617/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:102620
2020-03-22T16:28:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:464567797074
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Case study report
The view of the EU cultural and science
diplomacy from Egypt. EL-CSID Working Paper Issue 2018/12 • April 2018
Hatzenberger, Antoine
culture policy
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
Egypt
As a reminder of the framework of this study, it is worth mentioning, even in general terms, a few
schemes and figures.
A EU-Egypt Association Agreement (2004) and a EU-Egypt Partnership (2017) have been guiding the
relationship between the European Union and the Arab Republic of Egypt, which was maintained
throughout all the recent historical events and mishaps of this big country.
EU assistance to Egypt under the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI) for
2007-2013 was over 1 billion €. Under the Single Support Framework for the period 2014-2016 a total
amount of 320 million € in EU grants were committed by the EU. For the period 2014-2020, the
European Neighbourhood Instrument (ENI) is the main financial instrument for EU cooperation with
Egypt. A “Memorandum of Understanding regarding the EU's Single Support Framework 2017-2020”
was signed with Egypt (for an amount of 500 million €), defining priority sectors, amongst which
economic modernisation, energy and environment, having been consensually determined by both
parties.
The “Euro-Mediterranean agreement establishing an association between the European communities
and their member states and the Arab Republic of Egypt” (2004) already included some articles about
culture, science and innovation1.
2018-04
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/102620/1/2018.12.pdf
Hatzenberger, Antoine (2018) Case study report The view of the EU cultural and science diplomacy from Egypt. EL-CSID Working Paper Issue 2018/12 • April 2018. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/102620/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:102621
2020-03-21T16:38:44Z
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7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303138
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Case study report The view of the EU cultural and science
diplomacy from Tunisia. EL-CSID Working Paper Issue 2018/13 • April 2018
Hatzenberger, Antoine
culture policy
EU-North Africa/Maghreb
Tunisia is part of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), revised in 2015, alongside 15 other
countries from Southern and Eastern neighbouring regions, and beneficiary from the European
Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI).
Although the Euro-Mediterranean relationship under previous guises was slightly impeded or
besmirched at some point by its dependency to the old Tunisian regime1, now, due to its role at the
forefront of the democratic movement in the region, post-2011 Tunisia enjoys a relatively privileged
status amongst the MENA countries in general, and in the Maghreb in particular2. A “privileged
partnership” was established in 20123. This place was confirmed in 2016 by the Joint communication
to the European Parliament and the Council: “Strengthening EU support for Tunisia”4. European days
have been organised in 2016. In November of this same year, the HR/VP Federica Mogherini payed a
visit to Tunis, and the EU Commissioner for ENP, Johannes Hahn, attended the conference “Tunisia
2020”. In December 2016, the Tunisian president Beji Caid Essebsi went to Brussels to sign the “EUTunisia
Youth Partnership”.
Tunisia is one of the top beneficiaries of EU regional programmes for the Southern neighbourhood, in
areas such as environment, energy, migration and security. The support to Tunisia amounted to 250
million € in 2016, and to 300 million € in 2017. The EU’s support to Tunisia encompasses many
domains: economic reforms, private sector, employability, vocational training, schools, higher
education, health, agriculture and rural development, decentralisation and regional development,
environment and energy, transportation, governance, justice, security, human rights and civil society,
gender equality, media and culture, migration and mobility, cross-border cooperation.
2018-04
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/102621/1/2018.13.pdf
Hatzenberger, Antoine (2018) Case study report The view of the EU cultural and science diplomacy from Tunisia. EL-CSID Working Paper Issue 2018/13 • April 2018. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/102621/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:102622
2020-03-22T16:27:06Z
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7375626A656374733D46:46303332
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
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7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303138
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Case study report The perception of the EU cultural and science
diplomacy in Turkey. EL-CSID Working Paper Issue 2018/14 • April 2018
Senocak, Naciye Selin
culture policy
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
EU-North Africa/Maghreb
Turkey
The study is undertaken in the framework of the European Leadership in Cultural, Science and
Innovation Diplomacy (EL-CSID) project. This project has the ambition to codify and articulate the
relevance of cultural, science and innovation diplomacy for EU external relations as part of a
systematic and strategic approach. It aims to identify how the Union and its member states might
collectively and individually develop a good institutional and strategic policy environment for extraregional
culture and science diplomacy.
The overarching objectives of this project are threefold:
1. To detail and analyse the manner in which the EU operates in the domains of cultural and
science diplomacy in the current era; comparing its bilateral and multilateral cultural and
science ties with other states, regions, and public and private international organisations.
2. To examine the degree to which cultural, science and innovation diplomacy can enhance the
interests of the EU in the contemporary world order and specifically, to identify:
a) How cultural and science diplomacy can contribute to Europe’s standing as an
international actor;
b) Opportunities offered by enhanced coordination and collaboration amongst the EU, its
members and their extra-European partners;
c) Constraints, both existing and evolving, posed by economic and socio-political factors
affecting the operating environments of both science and cultural diplomacy.
3. To identify a series of mechanisms/platforms to raise awareness among relevant
stakeholders of the importance of science and culture as vehicles for enhancing the EU's
external relations. The research generates both scholarly work and policy-oriented output,
which is disseminated through an extensive and targeted dissemination programme.
2018-04
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/102622/1/2018.14.pdf
Senocak, Naciye Selin (2018) Case study report The perception of the EU cultural and science diplomacy in Turkey. EL-CSID Working Paper Issue 2018/14 • April 2018. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/102622/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:102625
2020-03-22T16:24:14Z
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7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303439
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303137
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303332
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303138
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Towards the Private Provision of a Public
Good: Exploring the role of Higher
Education as an instrument of European
cultural and science diplomacy with
reference to Africa. EL-CSID Working Paper Issue 2018/17 • May 2018
Higgott, Richard
rtd (RTD) policy/European Research Area
culture policy
education policy/vocational training
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
EU-ACP
EU-North Africa/Maghreb
The European Union’s (EU) universities and their provision of higher education (HE) to
international students remains one of its most powerful, global cultural assets. They play an
important and growing role in EU cultural and science diplomacy. This is due not only to the quality
of EU HE but also to its role as a generator of export income and as a provider of a global public
good—both of which are powerful indicators of prestige and international influence.
Until now, the World Bank has been the leading supporter of HE in Africa, closely followed by the
EU. The EU has developed a sophisticated and wide-ranging set of strategies to assist Africa in
enhancing the quality and quantity of provision of its HE. These strategies are discussed in this
study. The EU and its member states, through their interactions with Africa, have an established
track record of supporting advancements in education. The 10th European Development Fund
allocated €45 million to support the Nyerere African Union Scholarship Scheme for some 250
individuals per year and, since 2009, students and higher education institutions across the
continent have benefited from the Erasmus Mundus Program. African higher education (HE) has
recorded the highest growth rates of all the regions of the world since 2000. Universities in many
African countries are experiencing a surge in their enrolments. Between 2000 and 2010, higher
education enrolments more than doubled, increasing from 2.3 million to 5.2 million”1. But an 8%
average enrolment rate (2014) across all sub-Saharan African nations is still much lower than the
average of 20-40% for all other developing regions, including North Africa and the Middle East.
Moreover, an ongoing brain drain and reduction in public financing for HE institutions in Africa
continues to adversely impact quality. Resources have failed to match higher enrolment figures
and public universities are under increasing pressure to deliver more with less. Currently, only one
percent of total African GDP is spent on higher education.
2018-05
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/102625/1/2018.17.pdf
Higgott, Richard (2018) Towards the Private Provision of a Public Good: Exploring the role of Higher Education as an instrument of European cultural and science diplomacy with reference to Africa. EL-CSID Working Paper Issue 2018/17 • May 2018. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/102625/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:102850
2020-06-03T13:14:53Z
7374617475733D707562
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7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
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Verso una società multiculturale. Gli inediti conflitti tra la libertà di vestirsi secondo la propria fede e l’interesse datoriale al profitto = Towards a multicultural society. The unprecedented conflicts between the freedom to dress according to one's faith and the employer's interest in profit. WP C.S.D.L.E. “Massimo D’Antona”.IT – 324/2017
Nuzzo, Valeria
employment/labour market
culture policy
Italy
The essay is part of an interdisciplinary research on migration and foreigners' legal status. It investigates the successful integration of immigrants into European societies and the respect for identity needs. In multicultural societies are multiplying, among others, claims for recognition of religious diversity and, in particular, the use of religious clothes. In the employment relation this request demands a balance between the interest of employers to profit and the employees' right to manifest religion and it raises the question about the adequacy of laws prohibiting discrimination to protect the worker's identity needs.
2017-04
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/102850/1/324.pdf
Nuzzo, Valeria (2017) Verso una società multiculturale. Gli inediti conflitti tra la libertà di vestirsi secondo la propria fede e l’interesse datoriale al profitto = Towards a multicultural society. The unprecedented conflicts between the freedom to dress according to one's faith and the employer's interest in profit. WP C.S.D.L.E. “Massimo D’Antona”.IT – 324/2017. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/102850/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:102901
2020-06-10T13:35:15Z
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7375626A656374733D46:46303131
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La fruizione dei beni culturali quale servizio pubblico essenziale: il d.l. 20 settembre 2015, n. 146 in tema di sciopero = The use of cultural goods as an essential public service: the legislative decree September 20, 2015, n. 146 on strike. WP C.S.D.L.E. “Massimo D’Antona”.IT – 277/2015
Zoli, Carlo
employment/labour market
culture policy
Italy
The enjoyment of cultural heritage as an essential public service: the law decree 20 September 2015, no. 146
Having briefly summarized the collective actions that took place in Rome and Pompei during the summer of 2015, the paper analyzes the issues concerned with the adoption of the law decree no. 146/2015, with which the Italian Government added also the “opening to public of museums and culture places” to the list of essential public services. At first the feasible and debated problems of constitutionality are examined. Then the essay aims to highlight the new features of the regulatory framework compared with that adopted by social partners: this particularly with regard to the scope of application of the new regulation, to the definition of essential public services to be guaranteed in the occasion of strikes, to the recourse to compulsory mobilization, and to the applicable sanctions in case non-compliance to the rules. Eventually the essay examines the controversial notion of collective conflict, to which it is debated whether workers’ meetings could be included, an issue not considered by the legislator while regulating strikes in essential public services.
2015-11
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/102901/1/277.pdf
Zoli, Carlo (2015) La fruizione dei beni culturali quale servizio pubblico essenziale: il d.l. 20 settembre 2015, n. 146 in tema di sciopero = The use of cultural goods as an essential public service: the legislative decree September 20, 2015, n. 146 on strike. WP C.S.D.L.E. “Massimo D’Antona”.IT – 277/2015. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/102901/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:103307
2021-02-15T16:01:11Z
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7375626A656374733D46:46303337
7375626A656374733D46:46303137
7375626A656374733D46:46303335
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
74797065733D6F74686572
Endangered heritage: Polish cultural goods in Ukraine and Belarus. OSW Report 2020-05-04.
Konończuk, Wojciech
culture policy
Poland
Ukraine
Belarus
As a result of the changes of borders in the 20th century, a large proportion of Poland’s cultural heritage found itself on the territory of present-day Belarus and Ukraine. Over the centuries, many cultural goods were created on the erstwhile eastern territories of Poland which the contemporary Polish state, like the other two countries, considers part of its national heritage. This consists mainly of architectural and artistic monuments, archives, libraries and cemeteries. It is difficult to determine in detail how much of the Polish cultural heritage created before 1945 remained in Belarus and Ukraine, but certainly without it, the history of Polish culture and knowledge about it cannot be complete. In fact, no other countries in the world (except Lithuania) are as important to the Polish cultural heritage as Ukraine and Belarus.
This report gives a comprehensive overview of issues related to Polish cultural goods in Belarus and Ukraine. It discusses the significance of the cultural assets located within the territories of these two countries in the context of preserving the heritage of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, while also presenting the state of their preservation and how it is perceived by the respective authorities and societies. The publication also contains an analysis of Poland's activities towards Polish cultural goods in Belarus and Ukraine over the past three decades and a discussion of issues related to cataloguing cultural assets, the extent of financial commitment to their restoration, as well as the organisation of the Polish public institutions responsible for the activity in this field. The final part of the report includes recommendations concerning some possible solutions and potential directions of policy that Poland could try to implement in the subsequent years.
2020-05
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/103307/1/RAPORT_Zagrozone%2Ddziedzictwo%2D165.pdf
Konończuk, Wojciech (2020) Endangered heritage: Polish cultural goods in Ukraine and Belarus. OSW Report 2020-05-04. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/103307/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:103519
2021-08-16T15:19:02Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303439
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:4430303130333566616D696C696573616E646368696C6472656E
7375626A656374733D46:46303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
74797065733D6F74686572
Arts and cultural participation among 17-year-olds. ESRI Research Series 103 November 2020.
Smyth, Emer
families and children
culture policy
education policy/vocational training
Ireland
New research, conducted by the ESRI and funded by the Arts Council, shows that young people become less involved in cultural activities as they prepare for the Leaving Certificate and leave school. Using data from the Growing Up in Ireland study, the report charts a decline in reading for pleasure and taking music/drama/dance lessons between 13 and 17 years of age.
2020-11
Other
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/103519/1/RS103_0.pdf
Smyth, Emer (2020) Arts and cultural participation among 17-year-olds. ESRI Research Series 103 November 2020. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/103519/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:103799
2022-02-09T17:07:41Z
7374617475733D707562
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7375626A656374733D46:46303337
7375626A656374733D46:46303137
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
Eradicating Polishness. Lukashenka on the Polish national minority schools in Belarus. OSW Commentary Number 391 22.04.2021.
Kłysiński, Kamil
culture policy
education policy/vocational training
Poland
Belarus
The Polish national minority school system in Belarus was created from scratch in the 1990s with financial support from Warsaw and an organisational effort of the Polish minority in Belarus. Although in its first years it developed relatively smoothly, since 2005 Polish schools have been under constant pressure from the local and central authorities. The goal of this pressure is unchanging – it involves the Russification (or, less frequently, Belarusianisation) of the young generation of ethnic Poles living in Belarus. In addition, hostile actions were carried out during spells of the political thaw in Polish-Belarusian relations (most recently in 2016–2020), which saw a major development of economic and investment cooperation and numerous high-level visits. However, the most severe blow to the Polish school network occurred in March 2021. This should be viewed both in the broader context – as an element of the wave of repression against civil society following the 2020 presidential election, and in a narrower context – as another blow to the Polish minority. One manifestation of this has been the arrest of the leaders of the Union of Poles in Belarus (UPB) and of the principal of a Polish community school in Brest. Alongside this, the prosecutor's office has launched a series of inspections in other Polish minority organisations across Belarus and in privately-owned schools offering Polish language courses. This campaign suggests that a plan approved by President Alyaksandr Lukashenka is being implemented to undermine independent Polish organisations in Belarus and ultimately destroy the Polish national minority school system.
2021-04
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/103799/1/Commentary_391(1)%2D2.pdf
Kłysiński, Kamil (2021) Eradicating Polishness. Lukashenka on the Polish national minority schools in Belarus. OSW Commentary Number 391 22.04.2021. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/103799/