2024-03-28T09:26:10Zhttp://aei.pitt.edu/cgi/oai2
oai:aei.pitt.edu:113
2011-02-15T22:14:48Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E646572706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D72657669657765737361797375626A656374
Progressive Europe? Gender and Non-discrimination in the EU
Mazey, Sonia
Shaw, Jo
Elman, R. Amy
Bell, Mark
discrimination/minorities
gender policy/equal opportunity
[Introduction by series editor]. THE ISSUE OF EQUAL RIGHTS between women and men—at least in the workplace—has long been one of the most prominent examples of "positive integration" in the European Union, and arguably the most far-reaching element of EU social policy. In recent years, the EU’s traditional emphasis on sex equality in the workplace has been supplemented by a commitment to the "mainstreaming" of gender issues, the upgrading of sexual equality as a common objective in the Treaties, and the insertion of a new Treaty provision relating to the principle of nondiscrimination more generally. These and other developments have led some authors to present the EU as a "progressive polity" in its commitment to gender equality and non-discrimination. In this Forum, four authors assess this claim of a "progressive Europe," focusing on the evolution of EU gender policy (Sonia Mazey, Jo Shaw, R. Amy Elman) and the development of a broader policy regarding non-discrimination on the basis of factors such as race, age, and sexual orientation (Mark Bell). Taken together, the essays reveal the impressive legal and constitutional foundations of EU gender and non-discrimination policies, as well as the significant weaknesses of EU policy practice, the problematic relationship between gender and other grounds for discrimination such as race and age, and the difficulty of measuring what constitutes "progress" in the first place.
European Union Studies Association
Staats, Valerie
2002
Review Essay
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/113/1/GenderForum.pdf
Mazey, Sonia and Shaw, Jo and Elman, R. Amy and Bell, Mark (2002) Progressive Europe? Gender and Non-discrimination in the EU. [Review Essay]
http://aei.pitt.edu/113/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:210
2019-12-13T18:06:46Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D64697363757373696F6E7061706572
Multiculturalism and Ethnic Minorities in Europe. ZEI Discussion Papers: 2001, C87
Lever, Paul
Scotland, Baroness
Kühnhardt, Ludger
Sonntag-Wolgast, Cornelie
Oberndörfer, Dieter
Phillips, Trevor
John, Barbara
Voß, Josef
Öger, Vural
Singh, Gurbux
Csáky, Pál
Meehan, Elizabeth
Fleissner, Peter
discrimination/minorities
enlargement
Germany
U.K.
culture policy
[Foreword]. In the past year immigration and asylum, multiculturalism and race relations have been high up the political agenda in Germany and the UK. Both countries are home to a diverse range of ethnic communities, religions, cultures and languages. These communities enrich our societies and are a source of strength and innovation. But multiculturalism also presents challenges. How do we give people the rights and status they require to integrate into society, while maintaining social cohesion? How can we ensure our institutions do not discriminate against minority ethnic groups? How should our societies combat the fears and anxieties amongst our indigenous populations about levels of immigration? What does it mean to be British or German? The UK and Germany have traditionally taken different approaches to meeting these challenges. But it is important for us to co-operate increasingly closely, both bilaterally and within the EU. These issues have become all the more pertinent, in the light both of EU enlargement, which will extend freedom of movement to hundreds of thousands more people; and of demographic change throughout the EU, which is leading to increasing willingness on the part of governments to open up their labour markets to immigrants. The British Embassy Berlin and the Center for European Integration, Bonn (ZEI) addressed these questions at a seminar held in Berlin on 1 December 2000. We focused particularly on what governments can and should do to combat racism and promote integration; on the lessons the UK and Germany can learn from one another; and on the role of the European Union and the impact of increasing numbers of ethnic minorities and foreigners in the EU on European identity. The contributions to this seminar are reproduced here, with the aim of contributing to a deeper debate, of vital importance to Europe's future. Table of Contents: Opening Remarks, by Paul Lever; Introduction, by Ludger Kühnhardt; Creating a Multicultural Europe: the British approach, by Baroness Scotland; Integrating Foreigners: a German view, by Cornelie Sonntag-Wolgast; Multiculturalism – Enrichment of Society or Cause for Conflict?, by Dieter Oberndörfer, Trevor Phillips, and Barbara John; Combating Racism and Promoting Integration – The Role of Government, by Josef Voß, Vural Öger, and Gurbux Singh; Ethnic Minorities in the Light of European Integration, by Pál Csáky, Elizabeth Meehan, and Peter Fleissner.
Center for European Integration Studies, University of Bonn
Ronge, Frank
Simon, Susannah
2001
Discussion Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/210/1/dp_c87_ronge.pdf
Lever, Paul and Scotland, Baroness and Kühnhardt, Ludger and Sonntag-Wolgast, Cornelie and Oberndörfer, Dieter and Phillips, Trevor and John, Barbara and Voß, Josef and Öger, Vural and Singh, Gurbux and Csáky, Pál and Meehan, Elizabeth and Fleissner, Peter (2001) Multiculturalism and Ethnic Minorities in Europe. ZEI Discussion Papers: 2001, C87. [Discussion Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/210/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:404
2011-02-15T22:15:32Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303332
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303135
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
The Approach of the European Parliament to the Issue of Ethnic Minorities and Minority Rights in Turkey within the Context of the European Minority Rights Sub-Regime. JMWP No. 18.98, November 1998
Nas, Çigdem
enlargement
Turkey
European Parliament
discrimination/minorities
[From the Introduction]. This paper attempts to analyze the position of the EP regarding the issue of ethnic minorities and minority rights in Turkey within the context of the European minority rights sub-regime. Firstly, the main features of the European human rights regime and the significance of minority rights in this regime will be studied with reference to international documents. Thereupon, the EP's role within this framework will be evaluated. Its position concerning minorities, and terrorist activities based on the demand for secession of an ethnic group within the EU and violations of rights of minorities in third countries will be studied by making reference to related resolutions. The consecutive part of the paper will focus on Parliament resolutions concerning the situation of minorities in Turkey by comparing the EP's attitude to minority issues within the EU. The EP's policy in this field will be questioned on the criteria of justness and consistency. Finally, Turkey's place within the European minority rights sub-regime will be explored.
Barbagallo, Valentina
1998-11
Working Paper
PeerReviewed
text/html
http://aei.pitt.edu/404/1/jmwp18.htm
Nas, Çigdem (1998) The Approach of the European Parliament to the Issue of Ethnic Minorities and Minority Rights in Turkey within the Context of the European Minority Rights Sub-Regime. JMWP No. 18.98, November 1998. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/404/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:641
2011-02-15T22:16:02Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:706166664575726F7065616E656C656374696F6E73
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Dealing with Alien Suffrage: Examples from the EU and Germany"
Day, Stephen
Germany
immigration policy
discrimination/minorities
European elections/voting behavior
[From the Introduction]. The idea of good governance is becoming the latest buzz-word to cast its shadow over the operational nature of domestic and international politics. Within that shadow is the need to ensure the opportunity to participate. The fact that the 5.5 million EU citizens living in other EU Member States have been granted limited political rights is obviously a step forward but the fact that resident aliens and third-country nationals lack equivalent rights and, hence, remain excluded from both the national, local and supranational arena, represents a major challenge to the normative-based idea of good governance. The paper will address two distinct though, perhaps, interconnected issues? [this is a question that will hopefully be answered during the course of field-work immediately prior to the conference]: the issue of EU citizens and alien suffrage and the case of non-citizens and to alien suffrage. While the former looks at developments within the EU, the latter will concern itself with the case of the Turkish minority in Germany. We need to ascertain what is the factor(s) that initiates/ and or drives change?' It is the contention of this paper that one possible driving force, because of the difficulties of addressing such issues at the national political level, could be the European Union. That is not to say that reform at the European level in terms of EU Citizens voting rights, will lead to the vote being given to Third Country Nationals (at the local and European level) or indeed any non-nationals being given the right to vote at the national level, it is rather an assertion that change at the European level begins to change the nature of the political climate within which issues have to be dealt with at the national level. Of course establishing a new norm is going to generate both support and opposition.
2000
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/641/1/ICDay.pdf
Day, Stephen (2000) "Dealing with Alien Suffrage: Examples from the EU and Germany". In: UNSPECIFIED, Corfu, Greece.
http://aei.pitt.edu/641/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:743
2011-02-15T22:16:11Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Popular Racism, Modernity and Europe - an ethnography on Turin (Italy)
Maritano, Laura.
immigration policy
Italy
discrimination/minorities
[Introduction]. In this paper I am going to explore how ideas of Europe and European identity are used to articulate popular discourses on immigration and immigrants. In contrast with the literature on European identity and immigration which has mostly looked at institutions, adopting a top-down approach, I will look at popular discourses, adopting an approach from the bottom-up. I will base my analysis on ethnographic research carried out between 1997 and 1999 in a quarter of Turin, San Salvario, where there have been strong protests against the presence of immigrants. I will focus in particular on the interviews with some members of a grass-roots Committee created "to fight criminality brought in the quarter by the presence of immigrants". As a first step, I will focus on those studies which have analysed how issues of European identity and immigration have been constructed at an institutional level. Then, I will consider how Europe and immigration have become important grounds on which Italian identities are negotiated following the global and national changes of the 1980’s and the 1990’s and I will analyse how they are perceived among my interviewees. My argument is that ideas of Europe have been elaborated at institutional level in exclusionary terms in relation to immigrants and presented in terms of "modernity"; and that these ideas have had an influence on popular discourses on immigration and contribute to the production of racialised representations of immigrants. In other words, I will argue that ideas of Europe and modernity can be used to articulate popular racialised discourses of immigration.
2000
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/743/1/ICMaritano.pdf
Maritano, Laura. (2000) Popular Racism, Modernity and Europe - an ethnography on Turin (Italy). In: UNSPECIFIED, Corfu, Greece.
http://aei.pitt.edu/743/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:745
2011-02-15T22:16:12Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E646572706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303134
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Gender and Discrimination: Muslim Women Living in Europe
Hashmi, Nadia
discrimination/minorities
EU-Islam
gender policy/equal opportunity
It is suggested that Discrimination against Muslim women in Europe exists on a two-tier level. Firstly the discrimination that they might encounter in society, and secondly the arguable inequality for women within the Muslim family structure.
2000
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/745/1/ICHashmi.pdf
Hashmi, Nadia (2000) Gender and Discrimination: Muslim Women Living in Europe. In: UNSPECIFIED, Corfu, Greece.
http://aei.pitt.edu/745/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:1623
2011-02-15T22:19:22Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303238
7375626A656374733D46:46303331
7375626A656374733D46:46303239
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D46:46303330
7375626A656374733D46:46303133
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303035
7375626A656374733D46:46303137
7375626A656374733D46:46303034
7375626A656374733D46:46303231
7375626A656374733D46:46303039
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303130
7375626A656374733D46:46303132
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Assessing the Assessment. A Review on the Application Criteria; Minority Protection by the European Commission. EIPA Working Paper 2003/W/04
Heidbreder, Eva G.
Carrasco, Laura.
EU-South-Eastern Europe (Balkans)
Latvia
Estonia
discrimination/minorities
Slovak Republic
Lithuania
EU-Central and Eastern Europe
Cyprus
enlargement
Malta
Poland
Hungary
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
[From the Introduction]. In April 2003 ten applicant states signed accession treaties to the European Union. This marked the endpoint of an intensive preparatory phase in which the candidate countries' adherence to criteria for membership of the European Union was annually monitored in the so-called Regular Reports....The question thus arises of how the Commission arrives at its evaluations. How does it apply the criteria to assess an applicant country's success in meeting them? This study aims to shed light on the above question by focusing on the criterion "respect for and protection of minorities"....
2003
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/1623/1/2003w04.pdf
Heidbreder, Eva G. and Carrasco, Laura. (2003) Assessing the Assessment. A Review on the Application Criteria; Minority Protection by the European Commission. EIPA Working Paper 2003/W/04. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/1623/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:1990
2011-02-15T22:20:47Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D67656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D46:46303039
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
The Application of Justice and Home Affairs and the Position of Minorities: The Case of Hungary. CEPS Policy Brief No. 18, March 2002
Tóth, Judit.
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
discrimination/minorities
general
enlargement
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
Hungary
[From the Introduction]. Minority Issues from the EU Perspective When one considers the substance of European Union (EU) official documents in a simplified way, national and ethnical minorities may appear in three contexts. The first belongs to external relations (common foreign and security policy), which cover minorities as a matter of human rights in third countries. These documents call upon the (third) countries concerned to respect human rights and international and European standards on minorities’ rights that are also endorsed by the EU. In this regard, the legislation being developed in view of a common European migration policy contains provisions about the respect of minority rights in order to prevent further migration waves. The second context relates to the integration of lawfully residing nationals of third countries taking into consideration the cultural and historical ties of these communities with the member states. Migrants, or diasporas, from third countries are expected to integrate or return and potential migrants to stay in their countries as it has been defined by the Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) objectives. Lastly, the evolving principle of non-discrimination has been developed in various fields of Community law by prohibiting unequal treatment on racial grounds. The provisions concerning the prohibition of discrimination in Europe have been inserted in Article 13 of the EC Treaty. Due to recent developments, it has been gradually changed, as the Charter of Fundamental Rights may extend the ban on discrimination, (Art. 21 of the Charter), on the basis of membership of a national minority, regardless to citizenship. Moreover, the Tampere Council Conclusions have declared the aim to increase the efforts on social, economic and family integration of diasporas or ethnic minorities residing legally on (the) EU territory regardless of nationality.
2002-03
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/1990/1/PB18.pdf
Tóth, Judit. (2002) The Application of Justice and Home Affairs and the Position of Minorities: The Case of Hungary. CEPS Policy Brief No. 18, March 2002. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/1990/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2162
2011-02-15T22:21:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303239
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D46:46303139
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"European Union policymaking in candidate states: Legislating minority rights in the Czech Republic and Romania"
Ram, Melanie H.
Romania
discrimination/minorities
Czech Republic
enlargement
In the following pages, I will assess if and how the EU has generated the protection of minority rights in candidate states, using the Czech Republic and Romania as case studies. Based on interviews, press reports, government statements, and public records, I examine the EU impact on the development of institutions, the context of legislation, the timing of reforms, and the process and character of domestic debate. Focusing on the citizenship law and the Roma in the Czech Republic and language legislation and ethnic Hungarians in Romania, I consider two of the issues that have raised the most controversy in these countries. If analogous EU requirements and expectations have similarly affected the domestic reform processes of two diverse candidate states in the field of minority rights, results should have broad application to less contentious issues and to other CEE countries with Europe Agreements. Moreover, the findings may have implications for other countries that hope to join the EU and possibly for other regions with strong regional organizations.
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2162/1/002688_1.pdf
Ram, Melanie H. (2001) "European Union policymaking in candidate states: Legislating minority rights in the Czech Republic and Romania". In: UNSPECIFIED, Madison, Wisconsin. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2162/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2183
2011-02-15T22:21:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Hate, hate groups and hate crimes: Fighting xenophobia in the European Union"
Shaw, Kelly B.
Kibitlewski, Joseph.
U.K.
discrimination/minorities
Germany
This paper investigates the rising occurrences, sources, and potential solutions to hate crimes and hate activities as they relate to the European Union. It begins with an examination of the problem, identifying the sources of hate crimes in the EU by focusing on variables such as ethnicity, religion, and race. Once the reader is familiar with the causes and motivations of hate, and the concomitant social aspects and stigmas that accompany hate, we move on to examine intergovernmental cooperation between EU institutions on the one-hand, and nationstate law enforcement agencies on the other. Here, case studies from the United Kingdom and Germany are utilized to analyze "best practices" that have arisen from this member state-EU interaction. This case-study portion is based largely upon interviews conducted in Europe during the summer of 2000. This paper concludes by suggesting a new-and potentially controversial-direction that the EU and its member states might take in order to reduce the number of hate crimes that occur in the European Union.
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2183/1/002256_1.PDF
Shaw, Kelly B. and Kibitlewski, Joseph. (2001) "Hate, hate groups and hate crimes: Fighting xenophobia in the European Union". In: UNSPECIFIED, Madison, Wisconsin. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2183/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2194
2011-02-15T22:21:37Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Strategies of cultural survival: The influence of European minority rights"
Toivanen, Reetta.
discrimination/minorities
Germany
Cultural minorities are in growing numbers making rights claims in national and international fora. This paper is poring over the aspects of identity that are used to justify such claims. I will ask what kind of identities can "survive". How must a group formulate its identity claim in order to have access to "cultural survival"? Working with Sami people who form the only European indigenous group, and with the Sorbian minority in Eastern Germany, I realized that international minority rights are not only protecting minorities form state oppression. These rights also define and co-determine which identity claims are possible. This paper focuses on the question posed by minority activists: How can my people survive? My research points out that the activists tend to look for answers in a nationalistic, ethnic-oriented discourse that idealizes homogeneity and authenticity of nations. The activists explain their internal nationalization policies with arguments which are coherent with international minority law: Only the groups that can prove that they have one common language, one descent, one set of tradition etc. as signs of one "collective" identity are recognized by international law as real minority groups. This paper concludes that if the minority elite wants to claim rights, there seems to be no other alternative for them as to try to nationalize at least the public outlook of their minority.
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2194/1/002670_1.pdf
Toivanen, Reetta. (2001) "Strategies of cultural survival: The influence of European minority rights". In: UNSPECIFIED, Madison, Wisconsin. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2194/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2204
2011-02-15T22:21:41Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273636F6D706E6174696D70
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"To circumvent or implement: Prospects for the future development of a European Union anti- race discrimination policy"
Wallace, Adrienne.
discrimination/minorities
compliance/national implementation
The following analysis focuses on the prospects for implementation of the first directive (racial and ethnic discrimination) with a particular emphasis on issues related to the legal position of third country nationals, who, although specifically addressed in the directive are at the same time subject to vague exception, conditions, and caveats ... The goal of the first section is to show how policy issues were gradually being redefined and renegotiated across borders and levels of government over a fifteen year period beginning in 1985. The goal of the second section is to employ the empirical examination of the first section to analyze the post-Amsterdam policy jam at the intersection of race, nationality, and citizenship. I'll conclude by speculating, in light of this analysis, on prospects for effective implementation of the new anti-race discrimination directive (deadline, July 2003).
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2204/1/002662_1.pdf
Wallace, Adrienne. (2001) "To circumvent or implement: Prospects for the future development of a European Union anti- race discrimination policy". In: UNSPECIFIED, Madison, Wisconsin. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2204/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2263
2011-02-15T22:21:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
“The Domestication of Equality: Gays, Lesbians and EU ‘Family’ Rights”
Elman, R. Amy.
discrimination/minorities
While feminism sparked the systematic politicization of personal relations that exposed the family as patriarchy’s chief institution, liberalism afforded comforting illusions of exceptionalism that encouraged us to believe that the egalitarian families, which eluded our foremothers, were ours for the making. This paper focuses on those living on the margins of this institution within the European Union and contends that the politics of integration affirms neither the insights of feminists nor the aspirations of liberals with regard to the family, particularly for lesbians and gays.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2263/1/002350_1.PDF
Elman, R. Amy. (1999) “The Domestication of Equality: Gays, Lesbians and EU ‘Family’ Rights”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2263/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2557
2011-02-15T22:22:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303132
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D667265656D6F76656D656E74
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Ending borders: The politics separating law from policy on national discrimination"
Conant, Lisa.
free movement/border control
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
European Court of Justice/Court of First Instance
discrimination/minorities
Legal institutions offer very limited means to promote policy reforms and are difficult to access for many segments of society. These two characteristics render the policy effects of jurisprudence highly dependent on extra-judicial reactions. Responses from administrative and legislative institutions, other courts, individuals, and organized groups all operate to amplify or dilute judicial solutions. To illustrate the variable influence that the European Court of Justice exerts over policy outcomes in the EU, I discuss national discrimination as it relates to the free movement of persons.
1997
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2557/1/002844_1.PDF
Conant, Lisa. (1997) "Ending borders: The politics separating law from policy on national discrimination". In: UNSPECIFIED, Seattle, WA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2557/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2692
2011-02-15T22:23:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Unplanned resistance: Underprivileged minorities in a post-modern European Union"
O’Brien, Peter
discrimination/minorities
Germany
Post-modernity would seem to bode ill for immigrant communities in the European Union. Prominent theories of postmodern society, when analyzed in respect to the status of immigrants, pit several strikes against them. Taking as a given that the EU deserves the label "postmodern society," this essay discusses three such theories and draws out the implications of each for immigrants, particularly in Germany. The findings are anything but merry. If the theories prove true, immigrants should expect little or no improvement in their lot and, worse, deterioration. This said, I refuse to conclude the essay on a note of pure pessimism. Although I dismiss the likely success of planned, deliberate resistance to worsening conditions for immigrants, I point to unplanned spontaneous resistance which can be successful if not predictable.
1997
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2692/1/002761_1.PDF
O’Brien, Peter (1997) "Unplanned resistance: Underprivileged minorities in a post-modern European Union". In: UNSPECIFIED, Seattle, WA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2692/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2981
2011-02-15T22:24:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303331
7375626A656374733D46:46303239
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D46:46303330
7375626A656374733D46:46303133
7375626A656374733D46:46303137
7375626A656374733D46:46303034
7375626A656374733D46:46303231
7375626A656374733D46:46303039
7375626A656374733D46:46303132
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D46:46303232
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
‘EU Enlargement, the Race Equality Directive and the Internal Market.’
Brennan, Fernne.
Latvia
Estonia
discrimination/minorities
Slovak Republic
Lithuania
Slovenia
Cyprus
Malta
enlargement
Poland
Hungary
Czech Republic
[Brief Synopsis]. The EU Community is set to widen economically, socially and politically from its current membership of 15 Member States to 25 since 13 countries have applied to join as new members and 10 are set to join on 1st May 2004. These applicants “the acceding countries” of Central and Eastern Europe will be expected to take both the benefits and the burdens of membership of the EU. Benefits would include access to wider markets in the provision of labour, goods, services and capital. In turn these economies will need to open up their markets and in their wake ensure that their internal markets are not stratified along racial or ethnic lines. Any European state applicant for admission to the EU must respect fundamental principles. The principles of liberty, democracy, respect for human rights. One method that will be employed by the EU to assess commitment to its obligations is to judge whether or not the acceding countries are in compliance with EU legal obligations aimed at the eradication of racial discrimination through the application of the Race Equality Directive (RED). Article 6 of the Treaty of European Union is based on the ‘principles of liberty, democracy, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms’ guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights. In the European context these principles relate to ‘…access to and provision of goods and services, to respect the protection of private and family life and transactions carried out in this context.’ ‘When it joins the Community, the new Member State must also accept all existing Community law, Acquis Communautaire.’ The Treaty of Accession 2003 was signed in Athens on 16 April of that year. Particular provisions include Articles 53 and 54 (relating to directives and decisions).
2005
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
text/plain
http://aei.pitt.edu/2981/1/European_Expansion__Race_Eqality_Directive_and_Internal_M2.txt
application/msword
http://aei.pitt.edu/2981/2/European_Expansion__Race_Eqality_Directive_and_Internal_M2.doc
Brennan, Fernne. (2005) ‘EU Enlargement, the Race Equality Directive and the Internal Market.’. In: UNSPECIFIED, Austin, Texas. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2981/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:3004
2011-02-15T22:25:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303334
7375626A656374733D46:46303039
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D46:46303139
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The European Union, the post-communist world, and the shaping of national agendas"
Csergő, Zsuzsa
Goldgeier, James M.
Russia
Romania
discrimination/minorities
Hungary
[From the Introduction]. ...kin-state activism in Central and Eastern Europe has increased despite a substantive improvement of minority rights in most societies in this region and the fact that most Central and Eastern European societies are now either part of the EU (or expect to join in the near future). The purpose of our paper is to advance the understanding of this phenomenon. First, we outline the types of kin-state strategies that have emerged as popular in the region, with a particular focus on benefit laws and citizenship laws. We then turn to an analysis of the Hungarian case, which has been seemingly the most consistent and coherent virtual nationalism policy as well as the most controversial one, attracting a great degree of attention from policy-makers in the region, European officials, and scholars of nationalism. Finally, to gain further insight into the differences on the spectrum of virtual nationalism, we discuss the strategies pursued by Romania and Russia.
2005
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
text/plain
http://aei.pitt.edu/3004/1/csergogoldgeier05EUSApaper.txt
application/msword
http://aei.pitt.edu/3004/2/csergogoldgeier05EUSApaper.doc
Csergő, Zsuzsa and Goldgeier, James M. (2005) "The European Union, the post-communist world, and the shaping of national agendas". In: UNSPECIFIED. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/3004/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:3171
2011-02-15T22:25:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:45303039
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D46:46303034
7375626A656374733D45:45303031
7375626A656374733D46:46303132
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The Impact of the Post-Cold War European Minority Rights Regime on Inter-Ethnic Relations in Estonia and Latvia"
Tesser, Lynn M.
Latvia
Estonia
OSCE/Helsinki Process/CSCE
Council of Europe
discrimination/minorities
enlargement
[From the Introduction]. By the mid-1990s, a set of standards concerning minority protections emerged from elite-level dialogue between European states, particularly within the forums provided by international institutions. Developing a post-Cold War minority rights ‘regime’ was thought to be critical, particularly for Western elites, in stemming population flows westwards precipitated by emerging ethnic tensions. Post-Cold War standards have been delineated within key agreements of the two organizations most involved in the development of a new minority rights regime: the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the Council of Europe (COE). These include the OSCE’s 1990 Copenhagen Document and 1991 Geneva Report as well as the COE’s 1995 Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. Post-Cold War ‘European’ norms ultimately include the following principles: (1) the notion of identity being an individual’s choice; (2) the idea that ‘individuals belonging to national minorities’ should have unimpeded access to human rights accorded to all individuals; (3) the idea that they must free from state-sponsored discrimination and share equality before the law; (4) the right to maintain and develop minority culture privately and publicly; (5) the right to form contacts with foreigners of the same cultural background; (6) the right to charge their respective governments of violating the above in European-wide forums; and finally responsibility for (7) demonstrating loyalty to the states individuals belonging to national minorities call home.
2005
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/3171/1/Baltics.doc%2D1.doc
Tesser, Lynn M. (2005) "The Impact of the Post-Cold War European Minority Rights Regime on Inter-Ethnic Relations in Estonia and Latvia". In: UNSPECIFIED, Austin, Texas. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/3171/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:5284
2011-02-15T22:35:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303038
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Implementing the EU anti-discrimination directives in Greece: Between "marketization" and social exclusion. MMO Working Paper No. 8, Jan. 2006
Baldwin-Edwards, Martin.
discrimination/minorities
general
Greece
The two European Union anti-discrimination directives passed in 2000 have started to be implemented across the EU. These directives extend the previous ‘hard’ EC anti-discrimination law from its previous narrow focus on gender to cover discrimination in employment on a variety of grounds, and even more widely prohibiting discrimination on the grounds of racial or ethnic origin in almost all areas of socio-economic relations. It is argued here, that this policy shift marks a new era in the relationship between the individual and the Union. For the first time, the Union has addressed racial discrimination and its own previous exclusionary policies, as well as establishing formal procedures to deal with discrimination in employment on the grounds of race, ethnic origin, religion, religious beliefs, disability, age and sexual orientation. Although presented simply as rights, these rights constitute the germ of a European ‘social citizenship’ – perhaps analogous to the emergence of welfare states in post-war Europe. In addition, the Charter of Fundamental Rights is clearly a political declaration of such social citizenship, although never actually labelled as such. In this paper, I try to unravel the meaning of the new laws for Greece as well as for the Balkans more generally. Implicit in this approach is the idea that a policy forged by northern European advanced capitalist economies may well not be appropriate for some less developed countries. In fact, even different levels of economic development may not be the primary issue: types of socio-economic development could well be more crucial. I begin with a brief exposition of the EU directives themselves, and then go on to look at the apparent origins of anti-discrimination measures at the European national level. The subsequent section examines the linkage between economic development, socio-economic structures, labour force participation and the evolution of anti-discrimination measures across the wider Europe. Finally, the concluding section assesses the likely meaning for Greece and other Balkan countries in dealing with the new anti-discrimination requirements.
2006-01
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/5284/1/MMO_WP8.pdf
Baldwin-Edwards, Martin. (2006) Implementing the EU anti-discrimination directives in Greece: Between "marketization" and social exclusion. MMO Working Paper No. 8, Jan. 2006. [Working Paper] (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/5284/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6005
2011-02-15T22:40:01Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E646572706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D46:46303331
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D656D706C6F796D656E74756E656D706C6F796D656E74
7375626A656374733D41:41303035
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D6173796C756D706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303134
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D756E696F6E73
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737077656C666172657374617465
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D70726F63656564696E6773
Anti-Discrimination, Inclusion and Equality in Malta
discrimination/minorities
welfare state
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
employment/unemployment
EU-Islam
Malta
immigration policy
unions
civil society
asylum policy
gender policy/equal opportunity
[From the Introduction]. On 15th September 2005, a Conference was held in Valletta as follow-up to the Civil Society Project’s report on Anti-Discrimination, Inclusion and Equality in Malta, published in June 2005. Some 200 persons attended the Conference, from government, non-governmental organizations, academia, industry and commerce, employers’ associations and trade unions among others. The papers presented by our visiting speakers are now included on this CD version of the Report. They look more to the future than the past - the future for Equality legislation and practice in Europe and in Malta. TABLE OF CONTENTS - INTRODUCTION: Working towards equality and inclusion in Malta: the civil society project, Peter G. Xuereb. GENDER: Gender equality in employment in the EU and Malta: an overview by the National Council of Women, Grace Attard and Doris Bingley --- Gender equality - core EU law concepts in the equal treatment directive, Daniele Cop --- Implementation of the Gender "acquis" of the Union in Malta, Peter G. Xuereb --- Gender in employment under Maltese law - a legal practitioner's perspective, Matthew Brincat --- Gender equality: main issues - the General Worker's Union perspective, Charmaine Grech --- Participation of women in employment in Malta - the position of the UHM, Romina Bartolo --- Gender equality - some proposals by the Malta Employer's Association, Roselyn Borg --- 'Lisbon" and gender-gaps in employment, Irene Sciriha --- A note on caring and Maltese social security legislation, JosAnn Cutajar. DISABILITY: Protection of disabled people under Maltese and European law, Audrey Gatt --- Issues related to disability and equality - state obligations and an agenda for action: a fieldworker's view, Nathan Farrugia --- Concerns of disabled people - essentials, Gordon C. Cardona. RELIGION AND RACE: Working among asylum seekers and refugees- the Emigrants' and refugees' Commission's experience, Alfred Vella --- Muslims in Malta: avoiding discrimination, Carol Gatt --- The treatment of iregular imigrants in Malta, Dijonisju Mintoff and Emanuel Scicluna --- Religion, tolerance and discrimination in Malta, Alfred Grech. SEXUAL ORIENTATION: Discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation - the European view, Carla Camilleri --- Sexual orientation discrimination in Malta - the employment framework directive and beyond, Christian Attard --- AGE: Age discrimination - some current issues, Matthew Brincatt --- Overview of age discrimination and related matters in Malta and the EU, Carmel Mallia --- Young people and workplace discrimination, Jean-Paul De Lucca. NGOs IN MALTA: Voluntary organisations: vital contributors, Kay Gretchen.
Xuereb, Peter.
2005
Conference Proceedings
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6005/1/contentstext.html
UNSPECIFIED (2005) Anti-Discrimination, Inclusion and Equality in Malta. [Conference Proceedings]
http://aei.pitt.edu/6005/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6008
2011-02-15T22:40:02Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303331
7375626A656374733D41:41303035
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Working Towards Equality and Inclusion in Malta: The Civil Society Project
Xuereb, Peter G.
discrimination/minorities
Malta
civil society
No abstract.
Xuereb, Peter G.
2005
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6008/1/4.pdf
Xuereb, Peter G. (2005) Working Towards Equality and Inclusion in Malta: The Civil Society Project. In: UNSPECIFIED, Msida, Malta.
http://aei.pitt.edu/6008/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6032
2011-02-15T22:40:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303331
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303134
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Muslims in Malta: Avoiding Discrimination
Gatt, Carol.
discrimination/minorities
EU-Islam
Malta
No Abstract.
Xuereb, Peter G.
2005
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6032/1/25.pdf
Gatt, Carol. (2005) Muslims in Malta: Avoiding Discrimination. In: UNSPECIFIED, Msida, Malta. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/6032/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6034
2011-02-15T22:40:13Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303331
7375626A656374733D41:72656C6967696F6E
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Religion, Tolerance and Discrimination in Malta
Grech, Alfred.
discrimination/minorities
religion-general (also see EU-Islam)
Malta
No Abstract.
Xuereb, Peter G.
2005
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6034/1/27.pdf
Grech, Alfred. (2005) Religion, Tolerance and Discrimination in Malta. In: UNSPECIFIED, Msida, Malta. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/6034/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6035
2011-02-15T22:40:13Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E646572706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D46:46303331
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Discrimination on Grounds of Sexual Orientation - The European View
Camilleri, Carla.
discrimination/minorities
Malta
gender policy/equal opportunity
No Abstract.
Xuereb, Peter G.
2005
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6035/1/29.pdf
Camilleri, Carla. (2005) Discrimination on Grounds of Sexual Orientation - The European View. In: UNSPECIFIED, Msida, Malta. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/6035/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6133
2011-02-15T22:40:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:4430303130333968756D616E726967687473
7375626A656374733D46:46303239
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303035
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Roma in Europe: working paper"
Young, Jason R.
EU-Central and Eastern Europe
Czech Republic
discrimination/minorities
human rights
Europe is confronted by a painful paradox; while the idea of ‘Europe’ conceptualizes the European Union as a champion of liberal democracy, human rights and equality, the position of the Roma clashes with this vision. This paper looks at human rights and exclusion in Europe with specific emphasis on the Roma ethnic minority and argues that prevalent anti-Roma discrimination in both Western and Central-Eastern Europe holds larger ramifications than merely the Roma’s constant position of alien, or “despised outsider”. The power of discrimination, popular culture and opinion in marginalizing the Roma effectively limits their equal exercise of civil, political, and human rights. The Roma therefore represent tangible limits to the ideas intertwined with European integration. It is argued that the unwillingness to address the issue of Roma exclusion on the local level within specific countries possesses the effect of creating a two-tier citizenship regime that possess the capacity for unraveling the social and intellectual aims of the European Project. Social, legal, and actual exclusion of the Roma therefore holds significant ramifications for social policy within an enlarging EU. The paper presents popular depictions of the Roma and illustrates the pervasive power of exclusion by examining events such as the 1993 Czech citizenship law; the 1999 construction (and subsequent debate over the dismantling) of a wall around Roma apartments in the Czech town of Ústi nad Labem, widespread use of physical violence and intimidation to discourage Roma settlement and racism in Central and Eastern Europe. These events suggest that the pan-European “identity” is far from constructed and that systematic and fundamental change in attitudes and representations of the Roma is essential if the EU’s enlargement is to expand the protection of Human Rights on an equal footing throughout Europe. Combating historical representations constructed by social and political elites of the Roma as an other is of paramount importance if the Roma, and other ethnic minorities, are to be included as equal stakeholders in an enlarged Europe.
2006
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6133/1/gradconf06_young.pdf
Young, Jason R. (2006) "Roma in Europe: working paper". In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/6133/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6158
2017-12-14T15:59:19Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303437
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
The Debate on European Values and the Case of Cultural Diversity. EDAP 1/2004
Toggenburg, Gabriel N.
culture policy
discrimination/minorities
‘Values’ have become a topic of discussion at the European level. This article tries to briefly track the reasons for this phenomenon as well as to detangle the foggy notion of ‘values’ in this context. The author differentiates between founding values, European ideas and common legal principles. All these different forms of European values differ in their respective legal and political character. Most importantly, they require a different level of European conformity. Special emphasis is given to the value of cultural diversity which can be considered, at most, a ‘self-restrictive’ value since it can be perceived from an inclusive perspective (including diversity within the states) or from an exclusive perspective (diversity amongst the states). Placing too much emphasis on the inclusive reading endangers the exclusive reading, and vice versa. In this context, the author refers to the new constitutional motto of the European Union as proposed by the constitutional treaty. Unlike the situation in Indonesia and South Africa (which both use the same motto) it does not seem to address subnational diversity. Instead, "united in diversity" aims at protecting national identities against excessive integration,and thus seems the very opposite of the US constitutional motto of "E pluribus unum".
Lantschner, Emma
Palermo, Francesco
Toggenburg, Gabrien N.
2004
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6158/1/2004_edap01.pdf
Toggenburg, Gabriel N. (2004) The Debate on European Values and the Case of Cultural Diversity. EDAP 1/2004. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/6158/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6162
2017-12-14T15:53:58Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:4430303130333968756D616E726967687473
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
The European Convention on Human Rights and the Protection of the Roma as a Controversial Case of Cultural Diversity. EDAP 5/2004
Henrard, Kristin.
human rights
discrimination/minorities
The Roma are often the victims of systemic discrimination which is closely related to the prejudices against them and their particular way of life, their own minority identity. When studying to what extent the Roma and their own way of life are protected on the basis of individual human rights in the European Convention on Human Rights, it becomes clear that slowly but surely the European Court of Human Rights acknowledges the vulnerable position of the Roma and their concomitant need of special protection. While significant developments have taken place concerning the preliminary issues of non-discrimination and the protection of physical integrity, the actual protection concerning language rights or educational rights is still rather meagre. Nevertheless, the gradual emergence of a right to an own way of life for Roma and the ensuing positive state obligations might very well enhance the latter incipient protection. The overall tendency of the latest judgements of the Court is to increasingly restrict the margin of appreciation of states, also in the sensitive domain of minority protection.
Lantschner, Emma
Palermo, Francesco
Toggenburg, Gabriel N.
2004
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6162/1/2004_edap05.pdf
Henrard, Kristin. (2004) The European Convention on Human Rights and the Protection of the Roma as a Controversial Case of Cultural Diversity. EDAP 5/2004. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/6162/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6166
2017-12-14T16:00:34Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
The Role of the Union in Integrating the Roma: Present and Possible Future. EDAP 2/2005
De Schutter, Olivier
Verstichel, Annelies.
discrimination/minorities
The paper describes the important contribution Council Directive 2000/43/EC of 29 June 2000 implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin has made to improve the situation of the Roma in the Union. It also highlights, however, the insufficiencies of that instrument, when confronted to the specific needs of the Roma and to their situation in the Union. The paper therefore suggests that Article 13(1) EC could be relied upon by the European legislator either to improve further on that Directive, for instance in order to extend its scope of application to the delivery of administrative documents, in order to explicitly include segregation as a form of prohibited discrimination, or in order to adopt another instrument, complementary to the Racial Equality Directive, addressing in a more focused manner the specific needs of the Roma, while remaining attentive to the preservation of their traditional lifestyle for those wishing not to renounce it, and ensuring that such a measure is based on a consultation of the Roma themselves. Article 13(2) EC could be relied upon to encourage the Member States to share the best practices they are developing in order to accelerate the integration of the Roma, and to monitor, better and more systematically than they do at present, the situation of the Roma in fields such as housing, education, employment, or health care, where the Roma are not specifically considered in the national action plans or the social inclusion plans of most Member States at present.
Lantschner, Emma
Palermo, Francesco
Toggenburg, Gabriel N.
2005
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6166/1/2005_edap02.pdf
De Schutter, Olivier and Verstichel, Annelies. (2005) The Role of the Union in Integrating the Roma: Present and Possible Future. EDAP 2/2005. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/6166/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6507
2011-02-15T22:42:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D46:46303034
7375626A656374733D46:46303231
7375626A656374733D46:46303132
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"A fair price of admission? Minority policies in and out of the EU"
Johns, Michael.
Italy
Latvia
Estonia
discrimination/minorities
Slovak Republic
Germany
This paper tests the assumption that the European Union has forced potential new members to adhere to standards current member states do not meet in regards to the treatment of national minorities. The paper examines the treatment of the Russian minorities in Latvia and Estonia and the Roma population in Slovakia compared to the treatment of the Turks in Germany and the Roma in Italy. Using EU accession reports, OSCE recommendations, and the Minorities at Risk (MAR) dataset a double standard becomes apparent. The newly democratized states of Eastern Europe are being forced to choose between the economic advantages of membership in the EU and legislation designed to protect the language and culture of the majority group. The paper concludes with an examination of the histories of Estonia and Latvia to illustrate why being forced into altering laws concerning culture and citizenship is so difficult.
2003
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6507/1/000457_1.pdf
Johns, Michael. (2003) "A fair price of admission? Minority policies in and out of the EU". In: UNSPECIFIED, Nashville, TN. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/6507/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6952
2011-02-15T22:45:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Black and ethnic minorities in the new Europe: perceptions of racial discrimination in the workplace"
Kirby, Daria C.
Jackson, James S.
discrimination/minorities
In this paper we examine the development of racial discrimination policies in the European Union. First, we examine the impact of the single market on ethnic and racial minorities living in Europe's member states. And secondly, we discuss preliminary findings from a survey examining Black Britons perceptions of racial discrimination in the workplace. We use this information as a point of departure to expand the discussion on the development of a European Union-wide policy on racial discrimination.
1995
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6952/1/kirby_daria.pdf
Kirby, Daria C. and Jackson, James S. (1995) "Black and ethnic minorities in the new Europe: perceptions of racial discrimination in the workplace". In: UNSPECIFIED, Charleston, South Carolina. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/6952/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7047
2011-02-15T22:46:03Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303038
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D6F74686572
Ohi to "Ohi-Day"
Baldwin-Edwards, Martin.
discrimination/minorities
Greece
Advisory report to EUMC on the annual "Ohi-Day" ceremony of flag-bearing in Greek schools
2003
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7047/1/Oxi%2DDayv4.pdf
Baldwin-Edwards, Martin. (2003) Ohi to "Ohi-Day". UNSPECIFIED. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/7047/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7518
2017-12-14T16:24:37Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Commission’s Approach to Minority Protection during the Preparation of the EU’s Eastern Enlargement: Is 2 Better than the Promised 1? EDAP 2/2007
Kochenov, Dimitry.
discrimination/minorities
enlargement
Although minority protection was one of the Copenhagen political criteria and thus was at the core of the conditionality principle presupposing a fair assessment of the candidate countries’ progress towards accession on the merits, the Commission simultaneously promoted two contradicting approaches to the issue throughout the whole duration of the pre–accession process. They included, on the one hand, de facto assimilation (prohibited by art. 5(2) of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities) and, on the other hand, cultural autonomy, bringing to life a complicated web of partly overlapping – partly contradicting standards. This paper is dedicated to outlining the main differences between the two key approaches to minority protection espoused by the Commission in the course of the latest enlargements’ preparation.
2007
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7518/1/2007_edap02.pdf
Kochenov, Dimitry. (2007) Commission’s Approach to Minority Protection during the Preparation of the EU’s Eastern Enlargement: Is 2 Better than the Promised 1? EDAP 2/2007. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/7518/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:8002
2011-02-15T22:51:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031727270
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Social Europe: Still binding regulations?"
Pochet, Philippe.
regulations/regulatory policies
discrimination/minorities
general
We shall begin the paper with a quick reminder of the different steps of Social Europe to date, with an aim of placing the framework of the now-dominant discourse of the impossibility to adopt constraining legislation in Europe. Then, we shall corroborate this affirmation quantitatively and will demonstrate that we do not find this in figures. Then, we shall analyze three cases (revision of the regulation 1408/71, information/consultation at national level, anti-discrimination directives in terms of political process and content. The outcome is all of them - despite the requirement of unanimity for the anti-discrimination and the 1408/71 proposals – were adopted, and in all three cases bring substantial changes for some member States and cannot be considered as minimal directives.
2007
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/8002/1/pochet%2Dp%2D05i.pdf
Pochet, Philippe. (2007) "Social Europe: Still binding regulations?". In: UNSPECIFIED, Montreal, Canada. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/8002/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:8028
2011-02-15T22:51:38Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D41:72656C6967696F6E
7375626A656374733D46:46303332
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D46:46303137
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D46:46303139
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Changing Value Systems in the new European Union
Yesilada, Birol A.,
Noordijk, Peter,
Webster, Craig.
enlargement
religion-general (also see EU-Islam)
Turkey
Poland
Romania
discrimination/minorities
This working paper examines changing value systems in the new European Union with a special focus on religiosity and tolerance. We found that few of the new E.U. members brought particularly intense religiosity into the Union. However, two that did, Poland and Romania, and the accession state Turkey, are all fairly large states. Post-materialist values and tolerance have both plateaued in early E.U. members, but newer members continue to align attitudes with E.U. policies promoting tolerance and diversity.
2007
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/8028/1/yesilada%2Db%2D12a.pdf
Yesilada, Birol A., and Noordijk, Peter, and Webster, Craig. (2007) Changing Value Systems in the new European Union. In: UNSPECIFIED, Montreal, Canada. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/8028/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:8154
2011-02-15T22:52:28Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303231
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D46:46303139
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Preparing for the New Minorities in Europe: The EU Influence on National Minority Protection in Romania and Slovakia. Jean Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series Vol. 5 No. 25, August 2005
Ilcheva, Maria.
Romania
discrimination/minorities
Slovak Republic
[From the introduction]. This paper examines the mechanisms and strategies of the EU in supporting the process of democratization in Central and Eastern Europe by concentrating on one particular area which seemed most significant in view of the escalation of ethnic conflict in the region. I focus on the influence of the EU’s representatives and institutions in inducing cooperation between states and ethnic groups within states for the purpose of minority rights expansion and implementation by means of the promise of integration. By definition, democratization includes "... the processes whereby the rules and procedures of citizenship are either applied to political institutions previously governed by other principles... or expanded to include persons not previously enjoying such rights and obligations (e.g. ethnic minorities, women, foreign residents, etc.) or extended to cover issues and institutions not previously subject to citizen participation (state agencies, military establishments, etc.)" (Schmitter and O'Donnell, 1986: 8). As early as 1993, the European Council had devised specific criteria for the evaluation of a country’s preparedness to gain membership in the Union, and on par with the economic requirements were political conditions which outlined the road towards integration. The political conditionality for the Central and Eastern European countries’ membership was spelled out in the concluding document of the Copenhagen summit on 21-22 June 1993, where the European Council put forward what came to be known as the “Copenhagen criteria” for EU admission: “Stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and protection of minorities, the existence of a functioning market economy as well as the capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the Union.” (1) While minority rights were never specifically listed or clearly outlined, I will demonstrate that through the statements of its representatives and the official reports European institutions have issued on the countries’ progress towards accession, the EU has continuously had an essential role in the expansion of minority rights.
2005-08
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/8154/1/ilchevafinal.pdf
Ilcheva, Maria. (2005) Preparing for the New Minorities in Europe: The EU Influence on National Minority Protection in Romania and Slovakia. Jean Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series Vol. 5 No. 25, August 2005. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/8154/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:8218
2011-02-15T22:52:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303039
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D46:46303139
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
European Integration and Ethnic Mobilization in Newly Admitted Countries: The Case of the Hungarian Minority in Romania. EUMA Papers, Vol.5, No. 7 March 2008
Bucsa, Lavinia.
Romania
discrimination/minorities
Hungary
[From the introduction]. Furthermore, the way this message has been framed by the Hungarian political elites – by using “European” themes such as “regionalization,” “Europe of the Regions,” “Catalan autonomist model” - raises an important question: is there a link between European integration and the radicalization of ethnic discourse? Does European integration affect ethnic mobilization and if so, how? This paper aims to address these questions by examining the case of Hungarian minority in Romania, through exploring the behavior of its political organizations (UDMR and CNMT), in the period from 1990 to present.7
2008-03
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/8218/1/BucsaHungarMinorRomanEUMA2008edi.pdf
Bucsa, Lavinia. (2008) European Integration and Ethnic Mobilization in Newly Admitted Countries: The Case of the Hungarian Minority in Romania. EUMA Papers, Vol.5, No. 7 March 2008. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/8218/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9027
2011-02-15T22:58:25Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E646572706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Gender Equality Politics in the Changing European Union: The European Union Anti-Discrimination Directive and Sexual Harassment. CES Working paper, no. 134, 2006
Zippel, Kathrin S.
discrimination/minorities
gender policy/equal opportunity
The European integration process has provided both challenges and opportunities to domestic women’s movements. One such ambivalent success is the European Union anti-discrimination directive of 2002 that is the outcome of the lobbying efforts of an emerging European transnational advocacy network on gender. The 2002 Directive prohibits sex discrimination, including sexual and gender harassment. It calls on member states to better protect the rights of victims of sexual harassment and to ensure the integrity, dignity, and equality of women and men at work. This paper examines the 2002 Directive and its potential to effect significant changes in EU member states, in particular, to improve victims’ rights in member states laws. It addresses the main question: “Is the EU Directive an opportunity to progress in the direction of protecting victims’ rights?” The argument advanced here is that the 2002 Directive is the outcome of a political compromise among the member states, on which feminist discourses did have some bearing. On the one hand, the 2002 Directive can be interpreted as a success of feminist activism around sexual harassment, in particular, in the very definition, linking the problem to sex discrimination. On the other hand, it has limitations and does not go as far as feminists had hoped; for example, the EU has left it up to member states to deal with the most difficult aspects of the problem, , prevention, implementation, and enforcement of the laws.
2006
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9027/1/Zippel134.pdf
Zippel, Kathrin S. (2006) Gender Equality Politics in the Changing European Union: The European Union Anti-Discrimination Directive and Sexual Harassment. CES Working paper, no. 134, 2006. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/9027/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9124
2011-02-15T22:59:03Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Bridging Boundaries: The Equalization Strategies of Stigmatized Ethno-racial Groups Compared. CES Working Papers No. 154, 2008
Lamont, Michele,
Bail, Christopher.
U.K.
discrimination/minorities
This article offers a framework for analyzing variations in how members of stigmatized ethnoracial groups establish equivalence with dominant groups through the comparative study of “equalization strategies.” Whereas extant scholarship on anti-racism has focused on the struggle of social movements against institutional and political exclusion and social justice, we are concerned with the “everyday” anti-racist strategies deployed by members of stigmatized groups. We seek to compare how these strategies vary according to the permeability of inter-group boundaries. The first section defines our research problem and the second section locates our agenda within the current literature. The third section sketches an empirical context for the comparative analysis of equalization strategies across four cases: Palestinian citizens of Israel, Catholics in Northern Ireland, blacks in Brazil, and Québécois in Canada. Whereas the first two cases are examples of ethnic conflict where group boundaries are tightly policed, the second cases exemplify more permeable boundaries. We conclude by offering tentative hypotheses about the relationship between the permeability of inter-group boundaries and the salience and range of equalization strategies used by members of stigmatized ethno-racial groups to establish equivalence with their counterparts in dominant majority groups.
2008
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9124/1/Lamont_Bail_154.pdf
Lamont, Michele, and Bail, Christopher. (2008) Bridging Boundaries: The Equalization Strategies of Stigmatized Ethno-racial Groups Compared. CES Working Papers No. 154, 2008. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/9124/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9575
2011-02-15T23:01:52Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:4430303130333968756D616E726967687473
7375626A656374733D46:46303233
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D6F74686572
Sketches of Spain: Race, Justice and the Struggle for Human Rights. ACES Cases No 2005.1
Dixon, Kwame.
discrimination/minorities
Spain
human rights
This article analyzes racism, racial discrimination and other forms of intolerance in Spain from a human rights perspective. It will critically evaluate Spain’s formal legal obligations relative to the Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Racism Discrimination (CERD), and Article 13, as well as the recently enacted antidiscrimination measures of the European Union commonly known as the Race and Employment Directives (Race Council Directive 2000/43/CE, June 29, 2000 and the Employment Council Directive 2000/78/CE November 27, 2001). CERD is the main United Nations treaty dealing with racial discrimination and was one of the first core international human rights treaties to be adopted. Spain as a state party to CERD, must take a series of specific steps aimed at eliminating racial discrimination. Additionally, it is required to submit detailed periodic reports to the CERD committee (the CERD committee monitors the implementation of the treaty) on its overall anti-racist policies, practices and procedures.
2005
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9575/1/2005.1%20Dixon.pdf
Dixon, Kwame. (2005) Sketches of Spain: Race, Justice and the Struggle for Human Rights. ACES Cases No 2005.1. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/9575/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9576
2011-02-15T23:01:52Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D746572726F7269736D
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D6F74686572
Policing Race and Terrorism in the UK: Closing the Racial Justice Gap. ACES Cases No 2005.2
Lusane, Clarence.
U.K.
discrimination/minorities
terrorism
In 2003, a British journalist working for the BBC went undercover to investigate racism among the police. He applied and was accepted at the police academy where he received training, finished the course, and even served on the street briefly as a police constable. He secretly filmed and recorded discussions (excerpted above) with many of his fellow trainees and documented the racist statements and views that some held, positions that are grounds for immediate dismissals under police services’ rules. Three of the officers were suspended and five resigned. Though sensationalized as is often the case with British documentaries, the program found a deep resonance among the UK’s Black and Asian communities who have long argued that they suffer disproportionate abuse and discrimination at the hands of the British police and the criminal justice system (CJS) in general.
2005
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9576/1/2005.2%20Lusane.pdf
Lusane, Clarence. (2005) Policing Race and Terrorism in the UK: Closing the Racial Justice Gap. ACES Cases No 2005.2. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/9576/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:10550
2011-02-15T23:09:14Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D46:46303139
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
spotlight europe 2009/03, March 2009: Roma Integration in Europe – Mission (Im)possible?
Emiryan, Hermina.
Italy
Romania
discrimination/minorities
The Roma people are the largest ethnic minority in the European Union. However, in many EU member states they have not been sufficiently integrated. Recently there have been disagreements between EU states on the Roma – the treatment of the Roma has led to a dispute between Italy and Romania. This analysis provides a short survey of the situation of the Roma in Europe and of past European initiatives.
2009-03
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/10550/1/Engl_spotlight_Roma_Integration_09%2D03%2D06.pdf
Emiryan, Hermina. (2009) spotlight europe 2009/03, March 2009: Roma Integration in Europe – Mission (Im)possible? [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/10550/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:10663
2011-02-15T23:47:05Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:10758
2011-02-15T23:10:24Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:443030313033394575726F7065616E636974697A656E73686970
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D667265656D6F76656D656E74
74797065733D6F74686572
Implementation of Directive 2004/38 in the context of EU Enlargement: A proliferation of different forms of citizenship? CEPS Special Report, 9 April 2009
Carrera, Sergio
Faure Atger, Anaïs.
immigration policy
European citizenship
free movement/border control
discrimination/minorities
enlargement
This paper assesses the impact and potential effects of inadequate domestic transposition of Directive 2004/38 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States and the effects of the transitional arrangements secured in the latest rounds of enlargement on the status and practice of European citizenship in an enlarged EU. The authors argue that one of the major consequences of these processes has been the proliferation of different forms of European citizenship whose normative framing and implementation by the nation-states foster differential treatment that sometimes conflicts with fundamental rights. They also highlight that the narrow national interpretations of the scope of rights conferred by European citizenship are subject to supranational guarantees provided by the EU legal system.
2009-04
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/10758/1/1827.pdf
Carrera, Sergio and Faure Atger, Anaïs. (2009) Implementation of Directive 2004/38 in the context of EU Enlargement: A proliferation of different forms of citizenship? CEPS Special Report, 9 April 2009. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/10758/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:10763
2011-02-15T23:10:26Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303134
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D6F74686572
The Securitisation of Islam in Europe. CEPS Challenge Paper No. 15, 9 April 2009
Cesari, Jocelyne.
immigration policy
discrimination/minorities
EU-Islam
This paper summarises the main hypotheses and results of the research on the securitisation of Islam. It posits that the securitisation of Islam is not only a speech act but also a policy-making process that affects the making of immigration laws, multicultural policies anti discrimination measures and security policies. The paper deconstructs and analyses the premises of such policies as well as their consequences on the civic and political participation of Muslims. The behaviour of Muslims was studied through 50 focus groups conducted in Paris, London, Berlin and Amsterdam over the year 2007-08. The results show a great discrepancy between the assumptions of policy-makers and the political and social reality of Muslims across Europe. The paper presents recommendations to facilitate the greater inclusion of Muslims within European public spheres.
2009-04
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/10763/1/1826.pdf
Cesari, Jocelyne. (2009) The Securitisation of Islam in Europe. CEPS Challenge Paper No. 15, 9 April 2009. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/10763/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:10890
2011-02-15T23:11:14Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666676F7665726E616E6365
7375626A656374733D46:46303031
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
Cutting through the "misfit" jungle: Can a re-construction of the goodness-of-fit hypothesis help us understand the transposition of EU anti-discrimination directives in Austria? IHS Politcal Science Series Paper No. 117, October 2008
Casado Asensio, Juan.
governance: EU & national level
discrimination/minorities
Austria
Research in the field of EU transposition studies has often been divided about the nature and number of independent variables that would be needed to understand actual patterns of “differential” transposition across Europe. In turn, extant approaches can only partially explain the observed transposition and implementation gap in the European Union. One of the most common, yet most contentious independent variables used in the discipline is the so-called “misfit hypothesis”. The misfit looks at how much EU requirements match the domestic status quo and, in turn, how this match impacts upon transposition processes and outcomes. Empirically, however, the argument has proven inconclusive. A vibrant debate has recently been launched among proponents and detractors of the argument. This paper seeks to contribute to this debate by proposing a comprehensive theoretical re-evaluation of the hypothesis, both from a conceptual and operational perspective. Only by “cutting through the jungle” of existing misfit definitions and operationalisations can a path be cleared for a future, more successful use of the hypothesis. The paper presents a novel conceptualisation of the hypothesis, relevant for the study of transposition processes and outcomes. The conceptualisation is illustrated through the Austrian transposition experience of two EU Anti-discrimination directives.
2008-10
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/10890/1/pw_117.pdf
Casado Asensio, Juan. (2008) Cutting through the "misfit" jungle: Can a re-construction of the goodness-of-fit hypothesis help us understand the transposition of EU anti-discrimination directives in Austria? IHS Politcal Science Series Paper No. 117, October 2008. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/10890/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:11466
2017-12-14T16:27:30Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D46:46303031
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:706166664575726F7065616E656C656374696F6E73
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Wahlgesetzgebung und ihre Auswirkung auf die Vertretung von Minderheiten: Die Kärntner Landtagswahlordnung im europäischen Vergleich. = Electoral legislation and its impact on the representation of minorities: the Carinthian state election policy compared to the European. European Diversity and Autonomy Papers. EDAP 1/2009
Lantschner, Emma.
discrimination/minorities
European elections/voting behavior
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
Austria
This article compares the electoral law for the Carinthian Assembly with electoral laws of other European realities. The focus is on the impact of these laws on the representation of minorities in the respectively elected bodies. The author looks into the question of whether measures for the effective participation of minorities in public and political life are requested not only because of democratic but also legal considerations regarding the principle of equality. The article ends with suggestions on how the Carinthian legislator could reform the electoral law in order to allow for the representation of the Slovene minority.
2009
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/11466/1/2009_edap01.pdf
Lantschner, Emma. (2009) Wahlgesetzgebung und ihre Auswirkung auf die Vertretung von Minderheiten: Die Kärntner Landtagswahlordnung im europäischen Vergleich. = Electoral legislation and its impact on the representation of minorities: the Carinthian state election policy compared to the European. European Diversity and Autonomy Papers. EDAP 1/2009. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/11466/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:11714
2011-02-15T23:16:19Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:464B6F736F766F
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:636F6E726573
7375626A656374733D46:46303431
7375626A656374733D46:5365726269614A756E65333030366F6E
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
The Presevo Valley of Southern Serbia alongside Kosovo: The Case for Decentralisation and Minority Protection. CEPS Policy Brief No. 120, January 2007
Huszka, Beata.
Serbia (June 2006-on)
Kosovo
discrimination/minorities
conflict resolution/crisis management
Serbia/Montenegro (to June 2006)
Situated in southern Serbia and bordering on Macedonia and Kosovo, Presevo Valley is home to Serbia’s Albanian minority. Although the Valley has been calm in the last few years and the resurgence of armed conflict is unlikely at the moment, the situation is still fragile and continues to pose a potential security threat for the wider region. As the solution to Kosovo’s status is approaching, the problems of Albanians in Presevo Valley deserve serious attention. There are two main sources of security threats: one is the potential influx of Serbian refugees, the other is Kosovo’s (hypothetical) partition. The latter could potentially lead to the outbreak of violence, as Albanians of the Valley recently declared their intention to be united with Kosovo if the Serbian villages in the North of Kosovo would join Serbia. This Policy Brief argues, however, that the Serbian government could reduce the chances of conflict by addressing some everyday problems faced by the Albanian minority, which could take the wind out of the sails of potential irredentists. Albanian grievances centre on issues such as their weak presence in the public sector, high unemployment, limited implementation of their language rights and the lack of economic development. Some of these problems could be effectively addressed through strengthening local autonomy, which could be part of the solution. It is argued here that continuation with the Covic plan, which combines decentralisation and demilitarisation, could bring about the desired stability for the region, which needs continued attention and assistance from international bodies, among them the European Union.
2007-01
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/11714/1/1428.pdf
Huszka, Beata. (2007) The Presevo Valley of Southern Serbia alongside Kosovo: The Case for Decentralisation and Minority Protection. CEPS Policy Brief No. 120, January 2007. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/11714/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:12455
2014-09-16T01:30:42Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
"French Suburbs": a New Problem or a New Approach to Social Exclusion? GSPE Working Paper 1/27/2009
Tissot, Sylvie.
discrimination/minorities
France
general
At the end of 1980s, the question of "quartiers sensibles" (at-risk neighborhoods) started being very publicized in France. It was not only the subject of many front page articles, but also the target of a new public policy aimed at promoting urban and social development in about 500 neighborhoods (Politique de la ville). I argue that such focalization on "quartiers sensibles" does not only result from increasing problems such as unemployment, poverty or juvenile delinquency. It also represents a major change in public policy. Focusing on "quartiers sensibles" directly contributed to the restructuring of the French Welfare State by centering its action on specific urban spaces rather than national territory, and on social links rather than economic reality, contrary to what Welfare State claimed to do during the Fordist period. The outbreak of November 2005 riots is inextricably bound up to the way some problems (like lack of communication and weakening social links) have been associated to the question of "quartiers sensibles" whereas the French model of integration, based on equality between abstract citizens, let some others (like ethnic discrimination) unquestioned.
2009-01
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/12455/1/WPTissot.pdf
Tissot, Sylvie. (2009) "French Suburbs": a New Problem or a New Approach to Social Exclusion? GSPE Working Paper 1/27/2009. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/12455/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:13704
2011-02-15T23:28:43Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033436861727465726F6646756E64616D656E74616C526967687473
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273636F6D706E6174696D70
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Principio di uguaglianza e di non discriminazione tra Costituzione italiana e Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell’Unione Europea (artt. 3 Cost.; art. 20 e art. 21 Carta di Nizza) = Principle of equality and non discrimination between the Italian Constitution and the Charter of Fundamental Rights (Article 3 of the Constitution, Art. 20 and Art. 21 Treaty of Nice). WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 77/2010
Militello, Mariagrazia.
Italy
discrimination/minorities
Charter of Fundamental Rights
compliance/national implementation
No abstract.
2010
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/13704/1/militello_n77%2D2010int.pdf
Militello, Mariagrazia. (2010) Principio di uguaglianza e di non discriminazione tra Costituzione italiana e Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell’Unione Europea (artt. 3 Cost.; art. 20 e art. 21 Carta di Nizza) = Principle of equality and non discrimination between the Italian Constitution and the Charter of Fundamental Rights (Article 3 of the Constitution, Art. 20 and Art. 21 Treaty of Nice). WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 77/2010. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/13704/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:14314
2011-02-15T23:32:42Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Pushing the Boundaries: DG Enlargement between Internal and External Environments. College of Europe EU Diplomacy Paper 7/2010
Ghione, Andre.
discrimination/minorities
enlargement
European Commission
Studies of EU enlargement generally take as their subject the motivations for a country’s accession; rarely do they analyse in great detail any of the steps in the process itself. My contribution to the literature is an analysis of DG Enlargement in its role as a boundary spanner during the pre-accession period. One of the key boundary-spanning tasks exercised by the DG is to provide information about the organisation, its operations, and its management to the external environment. To answer the questions to what extent DG Enlargement can be characterised as a boundary spanner, and how the relevance of this characterisation might have changed over time, I examine DG Enlargement’s performance during the 2004 enlargement round and the critical self-assessment it undertook thereafter to determine whether lessons learnt have resulted in changed behaviour. In order to maximise evidence of boundary-spanning behaviour, I have chosen DG Enlargement’s management of the Copenhagen criterion of minority rights protection as my case study: with the condition absent from the acquis, DG ELARG must persuade membership aspirants to adopt this norm by other means. I will argue that DG Enlargement did act as a boundary spanner during the 2004 enlargement round, but that its assimilation of lessons learned has not dramatically affected its current behaviour. Despite disseminating the findings of its internal evaluations widely throughout the EU, political unwillingness to come to an agreement on common standards of minority rights protection prevents DG ELARG from improving its performance other than at the margins.
2010-07
Working Paper
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/14314/1/EDP_7_2010_Ghione.pdf
Ghione, Andre. (2010) Pushing the Boundaries: DG Enlargement between Internal and External Environments. College of Europe EU Diplomacy Paper 7/2010. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/14314/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:14452
2017-12-14T16:28:58Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D45:45303039
7375626A656374733D45:45303031
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Internazionalizzazione del diritto costituzionale e costituzionalizzazione del diritto internazionale delle differenze. = The internationalization of constitutional law and the constitutionalization of international law: differences. European Diversity and Autonomy Papers. EDAP 2/2009
Palermo, Francesco.
OSCE/Helsinki Process/CSCE
Council of Europe
discrimination/minorities
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
Il trattamento giuridico delle differenze ha assistito, negli ultimi anni, alla convergenza di due fenomeni epocali: da un lato la proliferazione degli strumenti internazionali per la protezione delle minoranze etno-nazionali, dall’altro la sfida del pluralismo e le sue ripercussioni giuridiche. Il concomitante effetto di questi due fenomeni ha dato vita a ciò che potrebbe definirsi il nuovo diritto delle differenze, che presenta aspetti per molti versi innovativi rispetto al passato, sia sotto il profilo delle fonti, sia rispetto al modo di operare degli strumenti da queste prodotti. Si tratta di una sfida fondamentale per il giurista, che costringe a confrontarsi con problemi e strumenti parzialmente nuovi. Il presente contributo prova a toccare alcuni degli elementi principali di questa nuova sfida.
2009
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/14452/1/2009_edap02.pdf
Palermo, Francesco. (2009) Internazionalizzazione del diritto costituzionale e costituzionalizzazione del diritto internazionale delle differenze. = The internationalization of constitutional law and the constitutionalization of international law: differences. European Diversity and Autonomy Papers. EDAP 2/2009. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/14452/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:14571
2011-02-15T23:47:30Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:14572
2011-02-15T23:34:36Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303439
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D6F74686572
Education and Political Participation of Migrants and Ethnic Minorities in the EU: An Overview of the Literature. CEPS Special Report, 22 September 2009
Atger, Anais Faure.
discrimination/minorities
education policy/vocational training
general
According to the literature covering the impact of educational inclusion or exclusion of immigrants and ethnic minorities on their political participation, it appears that most authors take for granted that having been educated facilitates actions understood to fall within this scope. This report reveals that this stance is largely undermined, however, by the fact that the levels of opportunity for participation by these groups are legally limited. In addition, the report delves into the different understandings of educational inclusion and political participation, which vary significantly from one author to the other.
2009-09
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/14572/1/Includ%2DED_AFA_Literature_Review.pdf
Atger, Anais Faure. (2009) Education and Political Participation of Migrants and Ethnic Minorities in the EU: An Overview of the Literature. CEPS Special Report, 22 September 2009. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/14572/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:14573
2014-08-07T01:50:26Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303439
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D6F74686572
EU Policy on Education: The Impact on the Social Inclusion of Vulnerable Groups. CEPS Special Report, 21 September 2009
Carrera, Sergio
Geyer, Florian.
discrimination/minorities
education policy/vocational training
general
This paper was prepared as part of the INCLUD-ED Project, an Integrated Project of the 6th Framework Programme of the European Commission. Integrated Projects bring together the critical mass of activities and resources needed to achieve ambitious clearly defined scientific objectives and are expected to have a structuring effect on the fabric of European research. INCLUD-ED was the only project focused on compulsory education which was selected in the last Calls for Proposals of the 6th Framework Programme.
2009-09
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/14573/1/Includ%2Ded_EU_Policy_on_Education.pdf
Carrera, Sergio and Geyer, Florian. (2009) EU Policy on Education: The Impact on the Social Inclusion of Vulnerable Groups. CEPS Special Report, 21 September 2009. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/14573/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:15106
2011-02-15T23:38:26Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:443030313033394575726F7065616E636974697A656E73686970
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
Whose citizenship to empower in the area of freedom, security and justice? The act of mobility and litigation in the enactment of European citizenship. CEPS Liberty and Security, May 2010
Carrera, Sergio
Wiesbrock, Anja.
immigration policy
European citizenship
discrimination/minorities
The Stockholm Programme and the European Commission's Action Plan implementing it have positioned the freedom, security and justice of ‘European citizens’ at the heart of the EU's political agenda for the next five years. Yet, who are the 'citizens' about whom the Council and the European Commission are so interested? At first sight it would appear as if only those individuals holding the nationality of a member state would fall within this category. This paper challenges this assumption, however, and argues that as a consequence of litigation by individuals before EU courts and of the growing importance given to the act of mobility in citizenship and immigration law, the personal scope of the freedoms accorded to European citizenship already covers certain categories of third-country nationals (TCNs). Through an examination of selected landmark rulings of the Court of Justice in Luxembourg, the paper demonstrates how the requirement of being a national of an EU member state is progressively becoming less important when defining the boundaries of the European citizenry. TCNs already enjoy and benefit from a number of European citizenship-related and citizenship-like freedoms, rights, benefits and general principles, which are subject to protection and scrutiny at the EU level. This development, we argue, is not only an indication of a continuing loss of discretionary power by the nation-state with respect to European citizenship, but may also constitute a clear signal that a new European citizenship of TCNs is in the making in the Union. This citizenship places the freedom to move and non-discrimination on the basis of nationality at the core of its identity.
2010-05
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/15106/1/Carrera_%26_Wiesbrock__ENACT.pdf
Carrera, Sergio and Wiesbrock, Anja. (2010) Whose citizenship to empower in the area of freedom, security and justice? The act of mobility and litigation in the enactment of European citizenship. CEPS Liberty and Security, May 2010. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/15106/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:15124
2011-02-15T23:38:32Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:4430303130333968756D616E726967687473
7375626A656374733D46:46303239
7375626A656374733D46:46303039
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D6173796C756D706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
The incomprehensible flow of Roma asylum-seekers from the Czezh Republic and Hungary to Canada. CEPS Liberty and Security in Europe, November 2010
Toth, Judit.
immigration policy
discrimination/minorities
human rights
Czech Republic
asylum policy
Hungary
This working paper analyses the flow of Roma migrants, in particular asylum seekers, from the Czech Republic and Hungary to Canada in 1996–2010. Although the fate of the Roma is at the centre of events, statistics on asylum applications along with an interpretation of the history of migration issues, from the perspectives of both international relations and EU policy, illustrate the classical debate on state sovereignty versus universal or at least European solidarity. They reflect the debate on the binding human rights of fragile groups versus security preconditions and prejudices. This amalgam of migration, visa and asylum policies has affected the lives of Roma and their efforts to achieve equal treatment, integration and citizenship in their country of residence as well as their homeland. This work was prepared as part of a project on Migration and Asylum in Europe and EU-Canada Relations, funded by the European Commission, Directorate-General for External Relations, Relations with the US and Canada. The project aims at providing a better understanding of the conceptual, political, sociological and legal elements and dilemmas characterising the development of common European public responses to these issues, and their implications for the relationship between liberty and security in EU-Canada relations.
2010-11
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/15124/1/EU%2DCanada_paperToth_final.pdf
Toth, Judit. (2010) The incomprehensible flow of Roma asylum-seekers from the Czezh Republic and Hungary to Canada. CEPS Liberty and Security in Europe, November 2010. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/15124/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:15126
2011-02-15T23:38:32Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303239
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D6173796C756D706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
State protection of the Czech Roma and the Canadian refugee system. CEPS Liberty and Security in Europe, November 2010
Caparini, Marina.
immigration policy
discrimination/minorities
Czech Republic
asylum policy
This paper examines state protection as applied to the Roma minority group in the Czech Republic and the link to Roma refugee claimants in Canada. The paper traces measures implemented by the Czech national authorities to improve the situation of the Roma, but also continuing problems of discrimination and violence by state and non-state actors. It also describes the often weak implementation and enforcement of anti-discrimination measures by state officials and the judiciary, among which are the failure to properly investigate and hold accountable public officials, including police officers, accused of misconduct towards members of the Roma minority. The paper then examines the Canadian governmental response to the 2008–09 influx of Czech Roma refugee claimants. It argues that Canada’s response reflected broader trends among receiving states, particularly the effort to reinforce state sovereignty and territorial control, and in concert with efforts to exert greater political influence over the refugee determination process, the response resulted in the weakening of Canada’s obligations under the international refugee regime. This work was prepared as part of a project on Migration and Asylum in Europe and EU-Canada Relations, funded by the European Commission, Directorate-General for External Relations, Relations with the US and Canada. The project aims at providing a better understanding of the conceptual, political, sociological and legal elements and dilemmas characterising the development of common European public responses to these issues, and their implications for the relationship between liberty and security in EU-Canada relations
2010-11
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/15126/1/EU%2DCanada_paper_Caparini.pdf
Caparini, Marina. (2010) State protection of the Czech Roma and the Canadian refugee system. CEPS Liberty and Security in Europe, November 2010. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/15126/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:15127
2011-02-15T23:38:33Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:4430303130333968756D616E726967687473
7375626A656374733D46:46303239
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D6173796C756D706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
Asymmetric borders: the Canada-Czech Republic ‘Visa War’ and the question of rights. CEPS Liberty and Security in Europe, November 2010
Salter, Mark B.
Mutlu, Can E.
immigration policy
discrimination/minorities
human rights
Czech Republic
asylum policy
Visa policy is one of the most important areas for contemporary public policy, touching on issues of mobility, citizenship, rights, and security. This paper argues that visa policy must: 1) be placed in a national, historical context, 2) be understood as part of a mobility regime that includes identity documents, passports, preclearance, and refugee status adjudication and 3) be analysed with a view to rights and responsibilities. After providing a history of Canadian immigration and visa policies, it highlights several trends in contemporary mobility policy: the automation of decision-making, the use of risk-assessment for security purposes and the reliance on preclearance of Canada-bound travel by specifically focusing on the Canada-Czech Republic ‘visa war’ and the changes to Canadian practices since then. The authors conclude that one of the dominant results of the ‘off-shoring’ of border controls is the bureaucratisation of decision-making in spaces where rights are difficult to invoke. This development must be a matter of concern for those concerned with rights, particularly mobility rights. This work was prepared as part of a project on Migration and Asylum in Europe and EU-Canada Relations, funded by the European Commission, Directorate-General for External Relations, Relations with the US and Canada. The project aims at providing a better understanding of the conceptual, political, sociological and legal elements and dilemmas characterising the development of common European public responses to these issues, and their implications for the relationship between liberty and security in EU-Canada relations.
2010-11
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/15127/1/Salter_%26_Mutlu_on_Asymmetric_Borders.pdf
Salter, Mark B. and Mutlu, Can E. (2010) Asymmetric borders: the Canada-Czech Republic ‘Visa War’ and the question of rights. CEPS Liberty and Security in Europe, November 2010. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/15127/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:29753
2017-12-14T16:31:24Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303439
7375626A656374733D46:46303239
7375626A656374733D46:46303231
7375626A656374733D46:46303336
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D46:46303339
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
International action to prevent discrimination: the situation of the Roma community in the field of education. EDAP 3/2010
Gimenez., Judith
education policy/vocational training
Slovak Republic
Czech Republic
Croatia
Macedonia
discrimination/minorities
This article discusses why recent discriminatory incidents against the Roma community, one of the biggest minorities in Europe, rise in racism and anti-Roma hate speech in public discourse concerns international organizations. The first part of this article briefly outlines human rights bodies’ definition and regulation on the principle of equality and non-discrimination generally and in particular with regard to Roma education. The second part compares recent international human rights’ conclusions on Croatia, the Czech Republic, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and Slovakia with regard to the human rights developments of the Roma minority, and to the implementation of their national anti-discrimination legislation. In addition, the latter traces the debate on the access of Roma children to education in those countries, as well as reviews the European Court of Human Rights' case law, in particular with regard to two cases of Roma segregated education in Croatia and the Czech Republic. Finally, some conclusions are drawn as to how overcome the vicious circle of poverty and discrimination faced by the Roma population, in particular in the field of Roma education.
2010
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/29753/1/2010_edap03.pdf
http://www.eurac.edu/en/research/institutes/imr/Documents/2010_edap03.pdf
Gimenez., Judith (2010) International action to prevent discrimination: the situation of the Roma community in the field of education. EDAP 3/2010. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/29753/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:32356
2011-09-27T14:38:31Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303132
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
It fattore 'new-comer' di discriminazione e il suo contemperamento con le politiche sociali nazionali. A proposito di tre recenti sentenze della Corte di Giustizia. = The “New-Comer” factor of discrimination and its Reconciliation with National Social Policies. On Three recent judgments of the Court of Justice. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 85/2010
Papa, Veronica
European Court of Justice/Court of First Instance
discrimination/minorities
No abstract.
2010
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/32356/1/papa_n85%2D2010int.pdf
http://www.lex.unict.it/eurolabor/ricerca/wp/int/papa_n85-2010int.pdf
Papa, Veronica (2010) It fattore 'new-comer' di discriminazione e il suo contemperamento con le politiche sociali nazionali. A proposito di tre recenti sentenze della Corte di Giustizia. = The “New-Comer” factor of discrimination and its Reconciliation with National Social Policies. On Three recent judgments of the Court of Justice. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 85/2010. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/32356/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:32360
2011-09-27T14:30:45Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737077656C666172657374617465
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Da cavallo di Troia a leva di Archimede. Previdenza complementare e diritto antidiscriminatorio in Europa. = From the Trojan Horse to Archimedes’ Lever: Supplementary Pension and Anti-discrimination Law in Europe. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 83/2010
Bonardi, Olivia
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
discrimination/minorities
welfare state
No abstract.
2010
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/32360/1/bonardi_n83%2D2010int.pdf
http://www.lex.unict.it/eurolabor/ricerca/wp/int/bonardi_n83-2010int.pdf
Bonardi, Olivia (2010) Da cavallo di Troia a leva di Archimede. Previdenza complementare e diritto antidiscriminatorio in Europa. = From the Trojan Horse to Archimedes’ Lever: Supplementary Pension and Anti-discrimination Law in Europe. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 83/2010. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/32360/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:32402
2011-12-19T21:35:28Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D46:46303334
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303035
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Accidental Diasporas and External "Homelands" in Central and Eastern Europe: Past and Present. IHS Political Science Series 71, October 2000.
Brubaker, Rogers
EU-Central and Eastern Europe
Germany
Russia
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
discrimination/minorities
This paper attempts a comparison across time and space, focusing on the transborder homeland nationalisms of Weimar Germany and post-Soviet Russia. Both involve claims to monitor the condition, support the welfare, and protect the rights and interests of external ethnonational kin – persons who are seen as “belonging” to the state in some way despite being residents and citizens of other states. There are superficially striking parallels between the target populations as well – the ethnic Germans stranded in an array of nationalizing successor states after the First World War, and the ethnic Russians (and other Russian speakers) similarly stranded after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Yet while noting these and other parallels, the paper focuses on key differences between the two cases, and between their broader interwar and contemporary contexts.
2000-10
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/32402/1/1208853582_pw_71.pdf
http://www.ihs.ac.at/vienna/IHS-Departments-2/Political-Science-1/Publications-18/Political-Science-Series-2/Publications-19/publication-page:6.htm
Brubaker, Rogers (2000) Accidental Diasporas and External "Homelands" in Central and Eastern Europe: Past and Present. IHS Political Science Series 71, October 2000. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/32402/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:32440
2014-08-01T02:45:44Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303031
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:443030313033394575726F7065616E636974697A656E73686970
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
»Nach Rasse und Sprache verschieden« Migrationspolitik in Österreich von der Monarchie bis heute. "According to different race and language," Migration Policy in Austria from the monarchy until today. IHS Political Science Series 31, March 1996
Bauböck, Rainer
European citizenship
Austria
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
discrimination/minorities
immigration policy
Why is Austria’s rich tradition as a country of both emigration and immigration so thoroughly neglected in current debates about the admission of refugees and economic migrants? This essay sketches eight chapters in the history of Austria’s migration policy since the late Habsburg monarchy and finds some strong continuities. The most conspicuous ones are: attempts to ensure a rapid transit of refugees to other destinations; strong legal barriers to the full integration of settled immigrant workers; rules for the acquisition of citizenship which ignore partial and dual affiliations among immigrants and the membership claims of second and third generations of immigrant descent; definitions of nationhood that do not allow for ethnic diversity resulting from immigration. The paper argues that Austrian migration policy has not only been driven by public interests in internal and external security, economic growth and social welfare, but also by symbolic uses of migrants in politics. Political discourses which defined immigrants as outsiders have been instrumental in shaping the ideological profile of parties as well as the boundaries of an insecure national identity.
1996-03
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/32440/1/1264593052_pw_31.pdf
http://www.ihs.ac.at/vienna/IHS-Departments-2/Political-Science-1/Publications-18/Political-Science-Series-2/Publications-19/publication-page:10.htm
Bauböck, Rainer (1996) »Nach Rasse und Sprache verschieden« Migrationspolitik in Österreich von der Monarchie bis heute. "According to different race and language," Migration Policy in Austria from the monarchy until today. IHS Political Science Series 31, March 1996. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/32440/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:32445
2014-08-01T02:41:48Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303235
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D46:46303234
7375626A656374733D46:46303031
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D46:46303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D46:46303135
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
Integrationsindex Zur rechtlichen Integration von AusländerInnen in ausgewählten europäischen Ländern. Inclusion Index to legal integration of foreigners in selected European countries. IHS Political Science Series 25, July 1995
Çinar, Dilek
Hofinger, Christoph
Waldrauch, Harald
Austria
Belgium
France
Germany
Netherlands
Sweden
Switzerland
U.K.
labour/labor
discrimination/minorities
In recent years the need for indicators that measure the integration of migrant workers and foreigners in general has often been voiced. But most of the time scholars in the field of international migration have in mind single-indicator measures. By contrast, this article represents the first attempt to construct a multi-indicator index for the legal integration of migrant workers from non-EU (or other privileged) countries in eight European states (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland). This index should primarily work as an instrument of representation. It makes possible synchronous crosscountry comparisons as well as the establishment of time series for individual countries. In this first tentative version of an index of integration five domains of legal integration were taken into account: 1) residence and permanent residence, 2) access to the labour market, 3) family reunification, 4) legal status of the second generation of immigrants, and 5) naturalization. The major results of the index in its current version can be summed up as follows: First, there are enormous differences of legal integration in the eight countries studied which will pose great difficulties to the intended harmonization of immigration laws in Europe. Second, the three German speaking countries in the sample still have, generally speaking, the highest amounts of legal discrimination with Austria as the outstanding negative example: In four out of the five spheres analysed Austria shows the highest scores in legal discrimination.
1995-07
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/32445/1/1264672251_pw_25.pdf
http://www.ihs.ac.at/vienna/IHS-Departments-2/Political-Science-1/Publications-18/Political-Science-Series-2/Publications-19/publication-page:10.htm
Çinar, Dilek and Hofinger, Christoph and Waldrauch, Harald (1995) Integrationsindex Zur rechtlichen Integration von AusländerInnen in ausgewählten europäischen Ländern. Inclusion Index to legal integration of foreigners in selected European countries. IHS Political Science Series 25, July 1995. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/32445/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:32452
2011-09-21T16:56:09Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303332
7375626A656374733D46:46303133
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D46:46303034
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303230
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D46:46303138
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303032
7375626A656374733D46:46303139
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303037
7375626A656374733D46:46303233
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303132
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D46:46303231
7375626A656374733D46:46303039
7375626A656374733D46:46303132
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D667265656D6F76656D656E74
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303135
74797065733D626F6F6B
Towards the completion of Europe. Analysis and perspectives of the new European Union enlargement.
Abraham, David
Akbar , Yusaf H.
Böhm, Monika
Crawford, Beverly
Domínguez , Roberto
Eralp , Atila
Granell, Francesc
Gungor, Gaye
Ibryamova, Nuray
Ilcheva, Maria
Krok-Paszkowska, Ania.
Laursen, Finn
Lemke, Christiane
Maas, Willem
Nugent, Neill
Roy, Joaquín
Royo, Sebastián
Schimmelfennig, Frank
Thiel, Markus
Vilpisauskas, Ramunas
environmental policy (including international arena)
common foreign & security policy 1993--European Global Strategy
EU-Mediterranean/Union for the Mediterranean
development
enlargement
European Parliament
Estonia
Germany
Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Spain
Turkey
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
discrimination/minorities
general
free movement/border control
This volume aims to contribute to the analysis of the EU in general
and the background and consequences of its 2004 enlargement
in particular. This enlargement is by far one of the greatest tests
for the European Union and its institutions because the process
of Europeanization is taking place in a variety of countries with
diverse political cultures and dissimilar perceptions about the
meaning and commitment to European integration. Given their
differences in political and economic power, incumbent and new
members are inevitably altering the functioning and character of
the EU, a unique polity in the international system. Derived from
this theoretical challenge, the chapters of this book suggest some
explanations on six areas related to the 2004 enlargement: analytical
approaches, citizens and identities, debates and regional transformations,
external impacts, and the potential Turkey’s membership.
The articles included in this publication are the result of the
academic initiative of the Miami European Union Center, partnership
formed by the University of Miami and Florida International
University since 2000, which was also selected by the European
Commission as one of the ten European Union Centers of Excellence
in the United States for the period 2005|2008.
Jean Monnet Chair/University of Miami
Roy, Joaquín
Dominguez, Roberto
2006
Book
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/32452/1/EU_enlarg%2Dbook%2Dtext%2Bcover.pdf
http://www6.miami.edu/eucenter/
Abraham, David and Akbar , Yusaf H. and Böhm, Monika and Crawford, Beverly and Domínguez , Roberto and Eralp , Atila and Granell, Francesc and Gungor, Gaye and Ibryamova, Nuray and Ilcheva, Maria and Krok-Paszkowska, Ania. and Laursen, Finn and Lemke, Christiane and Maas, Willem and Nugent, Neill and Roy, Joaquín and Royo, Sebastián and Schimmelfennig, Frank and Thiel, Markus and Vilpisauskas, Ramunas (2006) Towards the completion of Europe. Analysis and perspectives of the new European Union enlargement. Jean Monnet Chair/University of Miami. ISBN 0963867873
http://aei.pitt.edu/32452/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:32515
2017-12-14T16:37:46Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6C616E6775616765706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Judicial Adjudication of Language Rights in Central, Eastern, and South-Eastern Europe. Principles and Criteria. EDAP 2/2011
Palermo, Francesco.
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
language policy
discrimination/minorities
Central, Eastern, and South-Eastern Europe are among the regions where minority, including linguistic rights, are more developed, at least on paper. Not always, however, have these rights been fully and effectively implemented so far. Several obstacles hamper effective implementation. Besides general problems, such as high costs or administrative and organizational requirements, in many countries of Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, linguistic rights have been granted as a concession to the international community rather than out of sincere commitment. Minority rights are thus often highly politicized. In such a context, the role of the judiciary in determining principles and criteria for the practical development of linguistic rights is of extreme importance. The paper casts some light on the adjudication of linguistic rights of national minorities in Central, Eastern, and South-Eastern Europe, by examining the relevant case law and, above all, by trying to infer the underlying principles developed by the courts. It concludes that courts are overall quite deferential to the general political climate in their respective country. At the same time, however, some judicial decisions clearly indicate that courts are gradually emancipating from the mainstream political options and are increasingly able to impose non-majoritarian decisions, thus proving evidence of a slow but evolving establishment of the rule of law.
2011
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
other
http://aei.pitt.edu/32515/1/2011_edap02.pdf
http://www.eurac.edu/en/research/institutes/imr/Documents/2011_edap02.pdf
Palermo, Francesco. (2011) Judicial Adjudication of Language Rights in Central, Eastern, and South-Eastern Europe. Principles and Criteria. EDAP 2/2011. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/32515/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:32518
2017-12-14T16:37:29Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Condizione e prospettive di integrazione degli stranieri in Alto Adige: relazioni sociali, lingua, religione e valori. = Conditions and Prospects for integration of foreigners in Alto Adige (South Tyrol): Social relations, language, religion, and values. EDAP 2011
Medda-Windischer, Roberta
Flarer, Heidi
Girardi, Rainer
Grandi, Francesco
Italy
discrimination/minorities
immigration policy
No abstract.
2011
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
other
http://aei.pitt.edu/32518/1/Ricerca_analitica.pdf
http://www.eurac.edu/en/research/institutes/imr/Documents/MIGRADATA_pubblicazioni/Ricerca_analitica.pdf
Medda-Windischer, Roberta and Flarer, Heidi and Girardi, Rainer and Grandi, Francesco (2011) Condizione e prospettive di integrazione degli stranieri in Alto Adige: relazioni sociali, lingua, religione e valori. = Conditions and Prospects for integration of foreigners in Alto Adige (South Tyrol): Social relations, language, religion, and values. EDAP 2011. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/32518/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:32616
2011-10-21T01:00:59Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303134
7375626A656374733D46:46303233
7375626A656374733D46:46303334
7375626A656374733D46:46303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D746572726F7269736D
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D46:46303135
74797065733D626F6F6B
Ethno-Religious Conflict in Europe: Typologies of Radicalisation in Europe's Muslim Communities. CEPS Paperbacks. February 2009
Emerson, Michael
Roy, Olivier
Amghar, Samir
Koutroubas, Theodoros
Vloeberghs, Ward
Yanasmayan, Zeynep
Veldhuis, Tinka
Bakker, Edwin
Briggs, Rachel
Birdwell, Jonathan
Bezunartea, Patricia
Lopez, Jose Manuel
Tedesco, Laura
Malashenko, Aleksei
Yarlyakapov, Akhmet
EU-Islam
Belgium
France
Netherlands
Spain
U.K.
Russia
discrimination/minorities
terrorism
This book addresses the greatest source of societal tensions and violent conflict in contemporary Europe, involving people from minority groups of Muslim culture. Six country case studies – on Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Spain, Russia and the United Kingdom – give a comprehensive account of Islam-related tensions and violence, from the jihadist terrorist acts seen in Europe in the aftermath of 9/11 in the US, through to the urban riots of the type seen in France in 2005. These events are analysed with a common typology together with detailed accounts of the social context in each country. Also included is an interpretation of the fundamental nature of the Islamist terrorism in Europe, with the outline of a strategy to repel it. The book is a unique source for those seeking to understand the nature of ethno-religious violence in contemporary Europe.
Centre for European Policy Studies
Emerson, Michael
2009-02
Book
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/32616/1/55._Ethno%2DReligious_Conflict_in_Europe.pdf
http://www.ceps.eu/book/ethno-religious-conflict-europe-typologies-radicalisation-europes-muslim-communities
Emerson, Michael and Roy, Olivier and Amghar, Samir and Koutroubas, Theodoros and Vloeberghs, Ward and Yanasmayan, Zeynep and Veldhuis, Tinka and Bakker, Edwin and Briggs, Rachel and Birdwell, Jonathan and Bezunartea, Patricia and Lopez, Jose Manuel and Tedesco, Laura and Malashenko, Aleksei and Yarlyakapov, Akhmet (2009) Ethno-Religious Conflict in Europe: Typologies of Radicalisation in Europe's Muslim Communities. CEPS Paperbacks. February 2009. Series > Centre for European Policy Studies (Brussels) > CEPS Paperbacks <http://aei.pitt.edu/view/series/SMCEPSPaperbacks.html> . Centre for European Policy Studies. ISBN 9789290798224
http://aei.pitt.edu/32616/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:32656
2011-11-24T19:42:20Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303134
7375626A656374733D46:46303233
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D46:46303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
7375626A656374733D46:46303135
74797065733D626F6F6B
Interculturalism: Europe and Its Muslims in Search of Sound Societal Models. CEPS Paperbacks. June 2011
Emerson, Michael
Bezunartea, Patricia
Carrera, Sergio
Choudhury, Tufyal
Hieronymus, Andreas
Koutroubas, Theodoros
Van Der Maas, Titia
Muhe, Nina
Parkin, Joanna
Rihoux, Benoit
Lopez Rodrigo, Jose Manuel
Veldhuis, Tinka M.
Vloebergs, Ward
Yanasmayan, Zeynep
EU-Islam
Belgium
Germany
Netherlands
Spain
U.K.
discrimination/minorities
The simmering debate in Europe about multiculturalism versus assimilation has now come to a boil. The German Chancellor, Angela Merkel, famously stated in October 2010 that “multiculturalism in Germany (Multikulti) had failed, completely failed”. In February 2011, both Prime Minister David Cameron and President Nicholas Sarkozy could also be heard declaring that multiculturalism was a failure, although only the French President endorsed assimilation as the alternative. Others argue that both assimilation and multiculturalism have failed.
These dramatic statements represent the challenge of interpretation and policy analysis to which this book is addressed. If these single words can identify a failure of society and of the policies of government, then there has to be a better model, concept and policy. This study tries to work towards a better solution, and uses the term ‘interculturalism’ to represent that solution.
Emerson, Michael
2011-06
Book
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/32656/1/79._Interculturalism.pdf
http://www.ceps.eu/book/interculturalism-europe-and-its-muslims-search-sound-societal-models
Emerson, Michael and Bezunartea, Patricia and Carrera, Sergio and Choudhury, Tufyal and Hieronymus, Andreas and Koutroubas, Theodoros and Van Der Maas, Titia and Muhe, Nina and Parkin, Joanna and Rihoux, Benoit and Lopez Rodrigo, Jose Manuel and Veldhuis, Tinka M. and Vloebergs, Ward and Yanasmayan, Zeynep (2011) Interculturalism: Europe and Its Muslims in Search of Sound Societal Models. CEPS Paperbacks. June 2011. Series > Centre for European Policy Studies (Brussels) > CEPS Paperbacks <http://aei.pitt.edu/view/series/SMCEPSPaperbacks.html> . UNSPECIFIED. ISBN 9789461380517
http://aei.pitt.edu/32656/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:32657
2011-11-24T19:34:10Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D626F6F6B
Integration as a two-way process in the EU? Assessing the Relationship between the European Integration Fund and the Common Basic Principles on Integration. CEPS Paperbacks, July 2011
Carrera, Sergio
Atger, Anais Faure
discrimination/minorities
immigration policy
This report examines the nature, the limits and potential of the principle of integration as a two-way process of mutual accommodation between migrants and the receiving societies. It assesses the extent to which this key principle, which lays at the foundation of the EU framework on integration, is implemented in practice by investigating how it informs national programmes supported by the European integration fund.
The report stems from research undertaken by CEPS for the project “Integration as a two-way process in the EU? Assessing the European Integration Fund and the Common Basic Principles on Integration”. The research aims at identifying ways to enhance the use and oversight of European funding for the development of integration policies and activities at the national, regional and local levels.
The authors put forward recommendations for evidence-based policy-making within the EU framework on integration and for improving the use of European funding for integration measures at national level. The recommendations include concrete steps to ensure that European funding primarily serves to put into practice a European approach to integration that is understood as a two-way process in which not only migrants but also the receiving societies – including civil society, social partners and multi-level public authorities – participate and interact.
This report is divided into six sections. Section 2 outlines the scope and methodology
of our study. It first offers a synthesised summary of the main substantive and financial
components of the EU framework on integration. The section underlines the need to consider
the close connectivity between the CBPs and the EIF in determining the impact of the EU
framework on integration before presenting the specifics of our assessment.
Section 3 provides some observations regarding the national implementation of the
EIF, along with some of the most notable difficulties that have been identified as amounting
to barriers to accessing the EIF. It is based on the outcomes of the desk research and
consultation with the integration actors, which took place through a qualitative survey.
Section 4 assesses the ways in which the EIF has been used to support the integration
strategies developed within the member states. Important trends in the activities funded are
highlighted and the pitfalls of such usage are presented.
Section 5 is devoted to the two-way process tenet and to its possible practical
translations. After an overview of the emergence of this principle in EU policy, the relevance
of the EIF in supporting activities sustaining the principle is examined prior to an analysis of
what, according to prominent stakeholders, constitutes a two-way process of mutual
accommodation.
Section 6 concludes and puts forward a set of policy recommendations to facilitate the
promotion and application of the understanding of integration as a two-way process in the
EU through the EIF.
2011-07
Book
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/32657/1/80._Integration_as_a_Two%2Dway_Process.pdf
http://www.ceps.eu/book/integration-two-way-process-eu-assessing-relationship-between-european-integration-fund-and-com
Carrera, Sergio and Atger, Anais Faure (2011) Integration as a two-way process in the EU? Assessing the Relationship between the European Integration Fund and the Common Basic Principles on Integration. CEPS Paperbacks, July 2011. Series > Centre for European Policy Studies (Brussels) > CEPS Paperbacks <http://aei.pitt.edu/view/series/SMCEPSPaperbacks.html> . UNSPECIFIED. ISBN 9789461381132
http://aei.pitt.edu/32657/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:33026
2012-08-19T21:38:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Free to Move but Nowhere to Go: The European Union and the Roma Population
Beasley Von Burg, Alessandra
discrimination/minorities
According to the European Union (EU) official website, after the 2004 EU enlargement to “new members in central and eastern Europe, the Roma population living in the EU now numbers several million.” This deserves EU attention because Roma communities in Europe, defined by the EU as “including those describing themselves as Roma, Gypsies, Travellers and Sinti….” have long faced and still face discrimination and persecution. The European Commission and other EU institutions have addressed the exclusion and discrimination of Roma with policies and programs that attempt to reach them at the EU level. While the EU encourages and supports individual nations’ efforts to include the Roma and to stop discrimination, the nature of this traditionally nomadic people seems to capture the spirit of freedom of movement, a fundamental right of almost all EU citizens.
I argue that Roma can be an example of EU citizens who live, work, and study, or should be able to live, work, and study, across the EU territory, embodying the principle and practice of freedom of movement and representing the situation of people living beyond nations. Unlike other EU citizens, most Roma don't enjoy the protection, rights and benefits associated with national citizenship and even when they do, they are discriminated against and excluded from the opportunities available in both old and new EU Member States, where they reside. Based on my previous scholarship exploring the possibility of a residence-based EU citizenship not tied to nationality, I argue that EU institutions and diplomats are making important progress acknowledging the necessity to protect, respect and assist the Roma in their potential transition to EU citizens. However, these efforts and the assistance offered to Roma are, as of now, not enough to challenge and change years of discrimination and exclusion. EU funding, policies and activities stress the obvious necessity to protect Roma, who are state-less non-citizens who could and should be protected by and benefit from EU rights, particularly those of EU citizenship, and could and should be an example at the center of freedom of movement beyond nations, not at their margins.
2009-04
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/33026/1/beasley_von_burg._alessandra.pdf
http://www.euce.org/eusa2009/papers.php
Beasley Von Burg, Alessandra (2009) Free to Move but Nowhere to Go: The European Union and the Roma Population. In: UNSPECIFIED. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/33026/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:33034
2012-10-24T23:17:04Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303134
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Integrating Muslims into Western Societies: Transatlantic Policies and Perspectives
Boylan, Brandon M.
EU-Islam
discrimination/minorities
This paper examines the extent to which Muslims are integrated in Western societies by
comparing their experiences in the United States and Europe. It utilizes and assesses country-level data, such as public opinion polls, figures on discrimination, and data on participation in
society, in order to draw comparisons between these two regions. First, integration debates and
approaches are reviewed in order to provide a framework for comparison. Second, public opinion
surveys are interpreted to see how factors affecting the Muslim community differ between
the United States and Europe. Third, the United States and United Kingdom - countries that both
espouse multiculturalism - are used as case studies to see how Muslim integration compares over
time and in relation to the general public. Findings suggest that the inclusion of Muslims in U.S.
society has been more successful on the whole, while European countries continue to struggle with
eliminating large differences between the Muslim community and the general public. Moreover,
Muslims in the United States seem to face less discrimination than other minorities, and their
experience appears to be improving over time. In contrast, discrimination against Muslims in
the United Kingdom is more severe than other religious
groups, and seems to be remaining constant.
2009
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/33034/1/boylan._brandon_m.pdf
http://www.euce.org/eusa2009/papers.php
Boylan, Brandon M. (2009) Integrating Muslims into Western Societies: Transatlantic Policies and Perspectives. In: UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/33034/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:33054
2020-01-08T00:44:05Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Undocumented Migrants and Resistance in the State of Exception
Ellermann, Antje
discrimination/minorities
immigration policy
This paper examines the relationship between the state and the undocumented migrant by building on
Giorgio’s Agamben concepts of “bare life” and “state of exception.” In particular, the paper explores the
possibility of resistance by migrants in the state of exception, and the implications of noncompliance for
the exercise of state sovereignty. Agamben’s notion of “state of exception” describes the augmentation
of government powers during times of emergency when state sovereignty is perceived to be under
threat. In states of emergency, governments suspend elements of the normal legal order and strip
individuals of rights, even their legal identity. Whereas Agamben treats the state’s denial of a legal
identity to migrants as the sine qua non of state power, this paper will examine what might be called the
“reverse state of exception”: instances where migrants strip themselves of their legal identity in order to
evade state control. Whereas Agamben treats legal status as the basis for individual rights, this paper
will consider the circumstance where the possession of a legal identity constitutes a liability to the illegal
migrant. The paper argues that in instances where migrants have lost all claims against the state and
are confronted with expulsion, many will resort to an extreme act of resistance against the state: the
destruction of their identity documents. By rendering themselves unclassifiable, illegal migrants
oftentimes succeed in tying the hands of the sovereign who is forced to operate within the constraints
of the international legal order that requires the possession of identity documents for repatriation. The
paper concludes with the paradoxical finding that, under certain extreme conditions, the fewer claims
migrants can make against the state, the more constrained the power of the liberal state to secure the
obedience of the individual.
2009
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/33054/1/ellermann._antje.pdf
http://www.euce.org/eusa2009/papers.php
Ellermann, Antje (2009) Undocumented Migrants and Resistance in the State of Exception. In: UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/33054/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:33057
2012-10-25T00:45:48Z
7374617475733D7375626D6974746564
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:443030313033394575726F7065616E636974697A656E73686970
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Who qualifies for citizenship: The political and legal mobilization of Muslims in France
Fredette, Jennifer
European citizenship
France
discrimination/minorities
This article aims to deconstruct the monolithic image of Muslims that is often presented in the
media, politics, and academia today. Based on interview work completed in 2008 in France with
Muslim activists and non-activists, as well as non-Muslim activists on diversity issues, the article
explores the complex group affiliations and varying interest formation of Muslims in France.
Instead of assuming that being Muslim is simply a religious affiliation that drives political
interest formation, I explore the social situatedness of Muslims in France, and how that specific
situation produces a multiplicity of group affiliations, all with their own spectrum of political
interests, as well as resources and methods for mobilizing on those interests. The article also
explores French legal consciousness – what do these Muslim activists and non-activists think of
law and courts? I show that some preexisting American political science literature on French
legal consciousness may have misunderstood the complex and intense relationship the French
have with law.
2009
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/33057/1/fredette._jennifer.pdf
http://www.euce.org/eusa2009/papers.php
Fredette, Jennifer (2009) Who qualifies for citizenship: The political and legal mobilization of Muslims in France. In: UNSPECIFIED. (Submitted)
http://aei.pitt.edu/33057/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:33071
2012-08-19T21:10:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Xenophobia and Immigrant Contact: British Public Attitudes toward Immigration
Jolly, Seth
DiGiusto, Gerald
U.K.
discrimination/minorities
How does the presence of immigrants or minorities in a local community affect racial
and xenophobic attitudes? Synthesizing public opinion, economic, and demographic data from
the United Kingdom, we explore this question. By taking advantage of cross-sectional variation
in minority populations, we develop and test hypotheses concerning the causal relationships
among the presence of immigrant populations and xenophobic sentiments. We find that larger
immigrant populations dampen xenophobic attitudes, supportive of the contact theory. In
clarifying this relationship, we contribute to ongoing debates over contact theory
2009
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/33071/1/jolly._seth.pdf
http://www.euce.org/eusa2009/papers.php
Jolly, Seth and DiGiusto, Gerald (2009) Xenophobia and Immigrant Contact: British Public Attitudes toward Immigration. In: UNSPECIFIED. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/33071/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:33101
2012-08-21T00:36:38Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303039
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Social regulation through anti-discrimination law: the EU and the US compared
Mabbett, Deborah.
EU-US
discrimination/minorities
general
This paper seeks to derive insights into the effect of economic integration on social
policy by looking at the application of anti-discrimination rules to social policy
categories. The normative motivation for rules prohibiting discrimination in market
transactions can be distinguished from the normative basis for nondiscrimination in
the relationship between a government and its citizens in social policy. However, the
two spheres are closely related. Judicial decision-making, which is of central
importance in a federal or multi-level governance structure, mediates this relationship
and creates processes of transmission and spillover from market norms to social
policy. The paper traces how these spillovers are handled by reviewing cases that
have come before the US Supreme Court and the European Court of Justice. It shows
that there are some differences in the legal framework in the two polities but also
many similarities. However, the spillover process creates more and harder problems
in Europe because welfare provisions at the state level are more developed.
2009
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/33101/1/mabbett._deborah_(2).pdf
http://www.euce.org/eusa2009/papers.php
Mabbett, Deborah. (2009) Social regulation through anti-discrimination law: the EU and the US compared. In: UNSPECIFIED. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/33101/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:38188
2017-12-14T16:38:49Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:5365726269614A756E65333030366F6E
7375626A656374733D46:46416C62616E6961
7375626A656374733D46:464B6F736F766F
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Ongoing Pristina – Belgrade Talks: from Decentralization to Regional Cooperation and Future Perspectives. EDAP 4/2012
Cukani, Entela
Albania
Kosovo
Serbia (June 2006-on)
discrimination/minorities
On 17 February 2008, Kosovo declared independence, ending its nine years unresolved status. The principal goal was, and remains, the need to involve different communities in the state structures. The new state, which aims to fulfil all the obligations set by the Ahtisaari plan, is trying to complete the decentralization process the implementation of which continuous to face obstacles in the two main communities: the Serbs and the Albanians. This article discusses matters related to community acceptance of the decentralization process, the functioning of the parallel structures, the situation in North Kosovo and the on - going talks between Pristina and Belgrade. The article provides evidences that while the implementation of the decentralization process is the best possibility for Kosovo, it must not follow only an ethnic line.
2012
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/38188/1/2012_edap04_pdf.pdf
http://www.eurac.edu/en/research/institutes/imr/activities/Bookseries/edap/Download.html
Cukani, Entela (2012) Ongoing Pristina – Belgrade Talks: from Decentralization to Regional Cooperation and Future Perspectives. EDAP 4/2012. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/38188/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:39795
2017-12-14T16:41:43Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666706F6C69746963616C70617274696573
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Redrawing Identity Boundaries through Integration Policies: Strategies of Inclusion/Exclusion of Immigrants in Québec and South Tyrol. EDAP 1/2013
Piccoli, Lorenzo
Italy
political parties
discrimination/minorities
immigration policy
Following the research agenda introduced by Will Kymlicka, this qualitative study offers an interpretation of how the sub-national elites of Québec and South Tyrol police the integration of immigrants. For these national minority groups, which are constantly undergoing a process of redefinition of their collective identities by differentiating themselves from the Others who do not belong to the in-group, immigrants have progressively become the most significant Others as they are not part of the original system of compromises. This article questions how sub-national elites are handling this relatively new kind of ethnocultural diversity brought about by large-scale permanent immigration on two levels: first, the political narrative of the ruling sub-national parties, their electoral appeals, manifestos and speeches; second, the policy arrangements for the integration of immigrants in education, language and social policy. The initial approach of the article is pessimistic, as it assumes that sub-national elites will marginalize immigrants to please core nationalist supporters. In fact, the hypotheses to be tested are whether the national minority groups of Québec and South Tyrol engage in a process of reconstruction of their ethnic identity bounded by opposition to real or imagined Others – the newcomers; and whether they adopt practical measures that force newcomers to be assimilated into the group or to be marginalized. The comparison between Québec and South Tyrol provides a basic understanding of the impact of immigration in two sub-national polities that are very different, but still adopt similar political narratives and policy strategies with regard to the integration of newcomers.
2013
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/39795/1/2013_edap01.pdf
http://www.eurac.edu/en/research/institutes/imr/activities/bookseries/edap/Documents/2013_edap01.pdf
Piccoli, Lorenzo (2013) Redrawing Identity Boundaries through Integration Policies: Strategies of Inclusion/Exclusion of Immigrants in Québec and South Tyrol. EDAP 1/2013. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/39795/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:41204
2017-12-14T16:42:42Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
La protezione delle minoranze in Italia e il mancato riconoscimento della minoranza rom: ragioni e conseguenze = "The protection of minorities in Italy and the non-recognition of the Roma minority: reasons and consequences." EDAP 3/2013
Tavani, Claudia
Italy
discrimination/minorities
No abstract.
2013
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/41204/1/2013_edap03.pdf
http://www.eurac.edu/en/research/institutes/imr/activities/bookseries/edap/Documents/2013_edap03.pdf
Tavani, Claudia (2013) La protezione delle minoranze in Italia e il mancato riconoscimento della minoranza rom: ragioni e conseguenze = "The protection of minorities in Italy and the non-recognition of the Roma minority: reasons and consequences." EDAP 3/2013. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/41204/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:42440
2013-06-25T16:36:56Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303139
7375626A656374733D46:46303238
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
Shifting Responsibilities for EU Roma Citizens: The 2010 French affair on Roma evictions and expulsions continued. CEPS Paper in Liberty and Security in Europe No. 55, June 2013
Carrera, Sergio
France
Romania
Bulgaria
discrimination/minorities
Despite the ultimatum delivered in October 2010 to the French government by Viviane Reding, Vice-President of the European Commission, to adapt its national immigration law ‘to the letter’ of the Citizens Directive 2004/38, the country has continued to evict and expel Romanian and Bulgarian nationals of Roma origin. This paper examines the state of affairs with respect to France’s policy on eviction and expulsion of Roma and assesses the way in which the controversy has developed and can be understood from the perspective of citizenship of the EU. On the basis of an examination of the subsequent responses by the European Commission and the EU member states involved, as well as of a recent bilateral agreement concluded between France and Romania on the reintegration of families of Romanian citizens belonging to the Roma minority who have exercised their freedom to move, the paper suggests that there has been a paradigm shift in the priorities driving EU policy responses and politics. This shift has led to an ethnicisation of citizenship of the Union, where ethnicity increasingly plays a decisive role in the allocation and attribution of responsibility to secure and safeguard the union freedoms.
2013-06
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/42440/1/No_55_Shifting_Responsibilities_for_EU_Roma_Citizens.pdf
http://www.ceps.be/book/shifting-responsibilities-eu-roma-citizens-2010-french-affair-roma-evictions-and-expulsions-con
Carrera, Sergio (2013) Shifting Responsibilities for EU Roma Citizens: The 2010 French affair on Roma evictions and expulsions continued. CEPS Paper in Liberty and Security in Europe No. 55, June 2013. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/42440/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:44482
2013-10-18T17:20:12Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303136:4430303230313643656E7472616C41736961
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
National Minorities, Nationalizing States, and External National Homelands in the New Europe. Notes toward a Relational Analysis. Institute of Advanced Studies Political Science Series, 11 December 1993
Brubaker, Rogers
Central Asia
discrimination/minorities
Nationalism remains central to politics in and among the new nation-states. Far from »solving« the region's national question, the most recent reconfiguration of political space – the replacement of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia by some twenty would-be nation-states – only recast it in a new form. It is this new phase and form of the national question that I explore in this paper. I begin by outlining a particular relational configuration – the triadic relational nexus between national minorities, nationalizing states, and external national homelands – that is central to the national question in post-Soviet Eurasia. In the second, and most substantial, section of the paper, I argue that each of the »elements« in this relational nexus – minority, nationalizing state, and homeland – should itself be understood in dynamic and relational terms, not as a fixed, given, or analytically irreducible entity but as a field of differentiated positions and an arena of struggles among competing »stances.« In a brief concluding section, I return to the relational nexus as a whole, underscoring the dynamically interactive quality of the triadic interplay.
1993-12
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/44482/1/1264675711_pw_11.pdf
http://www.ihs.ac.at/vienna/IHS-Departments-2/Political-Science-1/Publications-18/Political-Science-Series-2/Publications-19/publication-page:12.htm
Brubaker, Rogers (1993) National Minorities, Nationalizing States, and External National Homelands in the New Europe. Notes toward a Relational Analysis. Institute of Advanced Studies Political Science Series, 11 December 1993. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/44482/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:52648
2019-10-31T20:04:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:443030313033394575726F7065616E636974697A656E73686970
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D70726F63656564696E6773
New Perspectives on European Citizenship: Roma and Minority Rights
Cruickshank, Neil
European citizenship
discrimination/minorities
Roma are actively engaged in a process of identity formation and transnational contentious collective action, using (and utilising) EU and European institutions to remedy longstanding grievances and a litany of state-sponsored abuses (inc. coercive sterilization, segregated schooling and social marginalization). Empowered by their newly acquired European Union citizenship, and improved political station at the international, European and local level, Roma activists are working to ensure their citizenship is never again usurped (as has been the case historically). Judicial victories at the European level have helped both to strengthen Roma identity and legitimise their national character. This begs the question: Can a polycentric polity, in this case the EU, accommodate opposing conceptions of citizenship and nationality without undermining its intergovernmental foundation/character?
2011
Conference Proceedings
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/52648/1/CRUICKSHANK.pdf
Cruickshank, Neil (2011) New Perspectives on European Citizenship: Roma and Minority Rights. [Conference Proceedings]
http://aei.pitt.edu/52648/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:52927
2016-11-04T17:51:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D70726F63656564696E6773
Fundamental Rights and Reverse Discrimination
Maas, Wilhelm
discrimination/minorities
Reverse discrimination – whereby member states may treat their own nationals worse than nationals of other member states by invoking a “purely internal situation” in which European law does not apply – has long been a problem within the European Economic Community turned European Union. Using as a touchstone the Zambrano case, to be decided shortly, this paper argues that introducing citizenship alters the status of individuals vis-à-vis their governments, implies equality of treatment among citizens, and should eliminate reverse discrimination. Raising examples from the United States and Canada, I show how the introduction of federal rights empowered individuals and redrew the relationship between the governments of the center and the units. Citizenship limits the power of member states to treat their own nationals worse than nationals of other member states. This does not eliminate the tension between center and unit (or federal and regional; EU and member state) law but should give extra weight to former over the latter. Jurisdictional issues remain, but the rise of Union citizenship means that EU law should grow to encompass any right protected or promoted by shared citizenship.
2011
Conference Proceedings
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/52927/1/MAAS.pdf
Maas, Wilhelm (2011) Fundamental Rights and Reverse Discrimination. [Conference Proceedings] (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/52927/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:58002
2017-12-14T17:08:23Z
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74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Die Europäische Union und das Rahmenübereinkommen zum Schutz nationaler Minderheiten: ignorieren, parallell “umsetzen“ oder gar beitreten? = The European Union and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities: ignore, "implement" or even join?
EDAP 4/2014
Toggenburg, Gabriel N.
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
discrimination/minorities
This paper looks at the Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (FCNM) through the lense of European Union law. It does so by posing four major questions: does the fact that 24 of 28 Member States of the EU ratified the FCNM have any legal implications for the European Union itself? Secondly, turning to the national level, does it make a difference for the implementation of the FCNM whether or not a state that has ratified the FCNM is also a member to the European Union? Thirdly, returning to the European Union itself, can and should the EU accede to the FCNM? Or are there, finally, any means beside ratification that would allow the European Union to implement the objectives and obligations as enshrined in the FCNM? These four questions are analysed in detail before the paper concludes on the potential role of the European Union in managing diversity and protecting (persons belonging to) minorities.
2014
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/58002/1/Toggenburg_FINAL.pdf
http://www.eurac.edu/en/research/autonomies/minrig/publications/Pages/European-Autonomy-and-Diversity-Papers-%28EDAP%29.aspx
Toggenburg, Gabriel N. (2014) Die Europäische Union und das Rahmenübereinkommen zum Schutz nationaler Minderheiten: ignorieren, parallell “umsetzen“ oder gar beitreten? = The European Union and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities: ignore, "implement" or even join? EDAP 4/2014. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/58002/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:58334
2014-12-12T19:49:09Z
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7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666676F7665726E616E6365
7375626A656374733D46:46303039
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
Constitution for a new Hungary - the domestic and regional implications. OSW Commentary No. 60, 2011-07-29
Sadecki, Andrzej
Gniazdowski, Mateusz
Hungary
governance: EU & national level
discrimination/minorities
The new constitution will come into force in Hungary on 1 January 20121.
Its adoption is part of the state reform which the Fidesz party led by Prime
Minister Viktor Orbán has been implementing since it won the election
in April 2010. Fidesz, along with the Christian Democrats which support it,
has a qualified majority of two-thirds of the votes in parliament and may
introduce solutions to facilitate its rule without support from other groupings
and it is taking advantage of this opportunity. One example of this has
been the amendment of the constitution ten times followed by a speedy
adoption of a new constitution. The next step will be passing dozens
of constitutional laws which regulate essential areas of the functioning of
the state over the next few months.
Both the way and the scope in which the changes have been made have
raised controversies both at home and abroad. The regulations reinforce
the position of the ruling camp on the Hungarian political scene, assisting
it in passing the test of the next elections. Slovakia, which has criticised
the practice of granting Hungarian citizenship to ethnic Hungarians living
in other countries, is opposing the promise of also granting them electoral
rights. The constitutional reinforcement of the state’s ‘responsibility’ for
the diaspora linked with the collective concept of national minority rights
fostered by Hungary has already led to tensions in the region.
2011-07
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/58334/1/commentary_60.pdf
http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/osw-commentary/2011-08-07/constitution-a-new-hungary-domestic-and-regional-implications
Sadecki, Andrzej and Gniazdowski, Mateusz (2011) Constitution for a new Hungary - the domestic and regional implications. OSW Commentary No. 60, 2011-07-29. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/58334/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:60805
2015-02-16T16:23:29Z
7374617475733D707562
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74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
The Racial Equality Directive – from law to practice. IES Policy Brief Issue 2013/07/September 2013
Uyen DO, Thien
discrimination/minorities
The transposition of the Racial Equality Directive (2000/43/EC) has immensely enhanced legal protection against discrimination on the grounds of racial and ethnic origin throughout the EU. More than 10 years after its adoption, the main challenge identified in many Member States is the enforcement of anti-discrimination laws in practice, in particular with regard to access to justice. Ultimately it is up to the domestic courts to ensure effective implementation of anti-discrimination law. Polls regularly show that the discrepancy between the levels of discrimination experienced and discrimination reported by victims must be seriously addressed. Awareness is low not only among the public but also among the members of the legal professions, leading to under-reporting of discrimination cases. In addition, data that reflect the ethnic or racial composition of the population are scarce which makes it difficult to prove discrimination before the competent authorities. Moreover, certain procedural difficulties that affect access to justice and effective enforcement also stem from the short limitation periods foreseen in legislation, lengthy procedures, evidence, high costs and failures in the provision of legal aid, ineffective sanctions, as well as barriers in the form of language and issues relating to legal standing or legitimate interest. The law remains complex and remedies often inadequate.
2013-09
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/60805/1/2013.7.pdf
http://www.ies.be/policy-brief/racial-equality-directive-law-practice
Uyen DO, Thien (2013) The Racial Equality Directive – from law to practice. IES Policy Brief Issue 2013/07/September 2013. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/60805/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:60817
2015-02-16T16:15:50Z
7374617475733D707562
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74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
The Missing Piece: Empowerment of
Roma Grassroots Organisations in EU
Roma Integration Policies. IES Policy Brief Issue 2014/10/December 2014
D’Agostino, Serena
discrimination/minorities
Summary.
The fourth edition of Roma Pride has
brought Roma civic activism back in the
spotlight. This Roma-rights mobilization, taking
place every October in several European cities,
has emphasized the centrality of an active civil
society in pursuing a successful integration
of the Roma in Europe. The ‘Award for Roma
Integration’ and the ‘Civil Society Prize 2014’
conferred last October by the European Union
(EU) to Roma and pro-Roma Civil Society
Organizations (CSOs) have confirmed this
approach. Nonetheless, a general discontent
towards the EU Roma Integration Policies exists
within the Roma Civil Society, who calls for
stronger support to and the promotion of “Romaled
change”. This Policy Brief investigates the
reasons behind such discontent and identifies
the ‘distance’ from Roma communities as the
Achilles heel of EU policies. It argues for further
efforts by the EU to empower Roma organisations
operating at the grassroots through community
capacity building, structured dialogue and
simplification of the funding mechanisms.
2014-12
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/60817/1/2014.10.pdf
http://www.ies.be/policy-brief/missing-piece-empowerment-roma-grassroots-organisations-eu-roma-integration-policies
D’Agostino, Serena (2014) The Missing Piece: Empowerment of Roma Grassroots Organisations in EU Roma Integration Policies. IES Policy Brief Issue 2014/10/December 2014. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/60817/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:60820
2015-02-12T20:54:34Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
New Europeans, New Identities; Reflections on Europe’s Dilemma. IES WORKING PAPER 1/2008
Lewis, Richard
discrimination/minorities
immigration policy
This paper examines issues relating to the integration of immigrants, particularly Muslim
immigrants, into European societies. It first contemplates whether a true European identity
really exists. Building on the different conceptions of (European) identity, the paper claims
that a sense of belonging is crucial in helping immigrants integrate into Europe. The paper
also argues that identity is, actually, most relevant when it is under threat. The paper
therefore looks at the nature of Muslim society in Europe and some of the reasons for
disaffection in that population. While doing this, the paper compares the various models of
integration in, for example, the United States, Canada and Israel with the attempt by a
number of EU Member States to find satisfactory integration strategies. Also, the efforts of
the European Commission to forge an acceptable integration framework through the
principles elaborated following the Hague declaration in November 2004 are discussed. The
paper concludes that integration is best approached by creating cohesive communities and
loyalties at the local level.
2008-01
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/60820/1/2008.1.pdf
http://www.ies.be/working-paper/new-europeans-new-identities
Lewis, Richard (2008) New Europeans, New Identities; Reflections on Europe’s Dilemma. IES WORKING PAPER 1/2008. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/60820/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:63691
2015-04-22T20:05:28Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Towards Explaining Anti-Foreign Violence in Germany. CES Germany & Europe Working Papers, No. 04.8 (Series 53), 1993
Alber, Jens
Germany
discrimination/minorities
Gennany has recently witnessed a vast increase in anti-foreign violence. Assembling data from a wide variety of recent research, the paper addresses two basic questions: to what extent is the outburst of xenophobic attacks a German peculiarity? and what are the explanations for the mcreasing violence? An analysis of criminal statistics of various European countries and of comparative opinion polls in the European Community shows that Germany has indeed witnessed a growth of anti-foreign sentiment, and a level of violence that is conspicuous from a com parative perspective. Four possible determinants of this peculiarity of recent German history are discussed: (1) the growing ethnic and cultural heterogeneity due to the vast increase in immigration from non-European countries; (2) the increasing costs of foreigners' claims on the German welfare state; (3) the economic context of immigration; and (4) the transformation of national identity in the context of German unification. It is shown that neither the rate of immigration nor the position of foreigners in the German welfare state yields satisfactory explanations for the recent upsurge in violence, which only occurred after unification. The key for an explanation lies in a particular macro-constellation that is characterized by the concurrence of a massive wave of immigration with an economic crisis, and with the ethnicization of German national identity in the context of unification. Anti-foreign sentiments do not automatically follow increases in immigration, but grow in a specific political climate to which the political elites actively contribute.
1993
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/63691/1/PSGE_WP4_8.pdf
https://ces.fas.harvard.edu/#/publications/working_papers/140
Alber, Jens (1993) Towards Explaining Anti-Foreign Violence in Germany. CES Germany & Europe Working Papers, No. 04.8 (Series 53), 1993. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/63691/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:79008
2018-03-07T21:11:29Z
7374617475733D7375626D6974746564
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D746572726F7269736D
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D70726F63656564696E6773
Sidestepping Lethal Antisemitism – The EU's Response in the Aftermath of Terror
Elman, R. Amy
discrimination/minorities
terrorism
Introduction: In 2014, the European Commissioner's former president (José Manuel Barroso)
refuted suggestions that Europe's Jewish communities had no future; he maintained that
European values are incompatible with antisemitism and insisted Europe's integration is
an antidote against it. His remarks were in tribute to the four people murdered by a
French jihadist at the Brussels Jewish Museum, an attack he characterized as “a wound to
the heart of the European Union.”1 Since the additional slayings of Jews in 2015, that
wound has deepened.
Barroso's faith in European values and the EU's ability to condemn antisemitism
seems misplaced. For instance, shortly after the slaughters at Charlie Hebdo and the
kosher supermarket, the EU's culture ministers issued a unanimous condemnation of the
"intolerance and ignorance" that led to the "senseless barbarity" of the Charlie Hebdo
murders and omitted mention of those Jews who were murdered for simply being Jews.
2015
Conference Proceedings
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/79008/1/Elman.pdf
Elman, R. Amy (2015) Sidestepping Lethal Antisemitism – The EU's Response in the Aftermath of Terror. [Conference Proceedings] (Submitted)
http://aei.pitt.edu/79008/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:79689
2016-11-04T17:47:35Z
7374617475733D756E707562
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74797065733D70726F63656564696E6773
EU Citizenship, Federalism and the Three Different Faces of Reverse Discrimination
Van Den Brink, Martijn
discrimination/minorities
Introduction: Despite the abundant literature on reverse discrimination, our understanding can and must be refined. By and large, my argument differs in three respects from currently prevailing ideas. Most importantly, we need to come to realise that we have used one term – reverse discrimination – to describe three different phenomena. This conceptual confusion has blurred our understanding of reverse discrimination. There are three different causes of reverse discrimination, which need to be described and examined separately. The widely ignored distinction between different forms of reverse discrimination has produced too categorical normative views, either defending or dismissing reverse discrimination in its entirety. Instead, we must come to the conclusion that not every form of reverse discrimination is incompatible with equal EU citizenship (section 4). Secondly, those instances of reverse discrimination that are problematic also require a different solution than those generally brought forward in the literature. Instead of harmonising the law through the case law of the ECJ, thereby creating uniform rules for all, the Court should guarantee equal treatment of EU citizens within their Member State of residence (section 3). Thirdly, and following from the above arguments, we should also depart from the idea that reverse discrimination and the purely internal rule are so intimately related that one’s view of reverse discrimination should inevitably affects one’s opinion on purely internal situations, or vice versa. It is argued here that the purely internal rule is the logical consequence of the federal balance of powers within the EU. However, notwithstanding this, not every form of reverse discrimination is justified (section 1). In addition to explaining these three differences, section 2 will provide an overview of the state of the debate.
2015
Conference Proceedings
NonPeerReviewed
application/msword
http://aei.pitt.edu/79689/1/van_den_Brink.M.docx
Van Den Brink, Martijn (2015) EU Citizenship, Federalism and the Three Different Faces of Reverse Discrimination. [Conference Proceedings] (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/79689/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:82512
2017-01-06T16:18:34Z
7374617475733D707562
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7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
Five Years of EU Roma Integration Policies: Vanishing Gender Awareness? IES Policy Brief Issue 2016/14• May 2016
D’Agostino, Serena
discrimination/minorities
gender policy/equal opportunity
The EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies up to 2020 has recently turned five. As for any anniversary worthy of the name, a general assessment of both the first results and the necessary steps forward needs to be made.
This Policy Brief investigates the progress attained by the EU Framework in relation to a specific component of so-called Roma integration policies, i.e. the gender dimension. Recognized as one of the 10 Common Basic Principles on Roma Inclusion in 2009, the Awareness of the gender dimension does not yet play a significant role in the design, implementation and evaluation of Roma-related policies. Rather, it seems to have gradually faded in recent years’ EU policy-making on Roma inclusion, being relegated to the more featureless category of horizontal policy measure and/or crosscutting issue.
2016-05
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/82512/1/IES_Policy_Brief_14_2016.pdf
http://www.ies.be/policy-brief/five-years-eu-roma-integration-policies-vanishing-gender-awareness
D’Agostino, Serena (2016) Five Years of EU Roma Integration Policies: Vanishing Gender Awareness? IES Policy Brief Issue 2016/14• May 2016. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/82512/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:85841
2019-12-10T21:49:33Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:443030324575726F7065616E4E65696768626F7572686F6F64506F6C696379
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Between Sisyphus and the Danaïdes? The European Union’s Efforts to Promote and Protect the Human Rights of LGBTI Persons in its Eastern Neighbourhood. EU Diplomacy Paper 04/2016
Kennedy, Donal
European Neighbourhood Policy
discrimination/minorities
In recent years, there have been accentuated efforts by the European Union (EU) to integrate the human rights of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex (LGBTI) persons into the universalist and indivisible epistemological underpinnings of its external action. The most emasculated form of these efforts are the Council’s 2013 LGBTI Guidelines. This paper examines the effectiveness of the EU’s efforts to promote and protect the universal human rights of LGBTI persons in two European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) countries, Georgia and Ukraine. It is argued that the EU’s normative proclivity to uphold the human rights of LGBTI persons in these countries have been significantly atrophied. Its commitment has been beset by a number of inter-connected factors, confounded with, and conditioned by, both exogenous and endogenous constraints. Moreover, there is the unfortunate contemporaneous geopolitical conjuncture with the Russian Federation. The EU’s various diplomatic initiatives, certain financing and capacity-building measures struggle to transcend to the more tangible sectoral areas of most salience to LGBTI persons. In addition to the regional particularities making localised action plans more salient to the realities of civil society, it would be equally perspicacious to lift the application of the LGBTI Guidelines to a more systematic level in the EU Delegations.
2016-09
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/85841/1/edp_4_2016_kennedy.pdf
Kennedy, Donal (2016) Between Sisyphus and the Danaïdes? The European Union’s Efforts to Promote and Protect the Human Rights of LGBTI Persons in its Eastern Neighbourhood. EU Diplomacy Paper 04/2016. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/85841/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:87207
2017-05-19T17:13:39Z
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Combating Institutional Anti-Gypsyism: Responses and promising practices in the EU and selected Member States. CEPS Research Report No 2017/08, May 2017
Friday, 19 May 2017
Carrera, Sergio
Rostas, Iulius
Vosyliūtė , Lina
discrimination/minorities
The notion of ‘anti-Gypsyism’ aims to refocus public policies addressing Roma discrimination in order
to place responsibility for combating structural, historically-embedded and systemic forms of racism,
discrimination and exclusion towards Roma squarely on state institutions and actors. This report
examines the ways in which policies and funding combat ‘anti-Gypsyism’ in the European Union and
selected Member States and assesses the added value of the ‘anti-Gypsyism’ concept, with particular
reference to its institutional forms. It explores ways in which these institutional forms could be
combated by identifying some ‘promising practices or experiences’ found in five selected EU Member
States (Germany, Romania, Spain, Sweden and the UK). These ‘promising practices’ include reactive
and proactive measures organised around four main themes: i) national, regional and local institutional
responses; ii) training and education activities; iii) access to justice and effective remedies; and iv)
media, public attitudes and political discourse.
The report further draws conclusions and provides a set of policy recommendations for EU and national
policy-makers to effectively combat anti-Gypsyism. The authors highlight that discussions on antiGypsyism
should focus not only on its definition, but on the actual outputs of current national and EU
policies and a more robust application of EU rule of law and fundamental rights monitoring and
reporting mechanisms.
A key proposal put forward is to expand the scope of the EU Framework for National Roma Integration
Strategies to become the EU Framework for National Roma Inclusion and Combating Anti-Gypsyism and
to equip it with the necessary authority and means to tackle systematic and institutional manifestations
of anti-Gypsyism.
2017-05
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/87207/1/RR2017%2D08_AntiGypsyism.pdf
Carrera, Sergio and Rostas, Iulius and Vosyliūtė , Lina (2017) Combating Institutional Anti-Gypsyism: Responses and promising practices in the EU and selected Member States. CEPS Research Report No 2017/08, May 2017 Friday, 19 May 2017. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/87207/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:88114
2017-07-25T20:23:19Z
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7375626A656374733D46:46303137
7375626A656374733D46:46303130
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7375626A656374733D46:46303135
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Perceived Group Discrimination among Polish Migrants to Western Europe: Comparing Germany, the Netherlands, the UK and Ireland. ESRI WP502. May 2015
McGinnity, Frances
Gijsberts, Merove
Germany
Ireland
Netherlands
Poland
U.K.
discrimination/minorities
Discrimination is a problem for both minority groups and the societies in which they live. Perceived group discrimination reflects the direct experiences of immigrants but is also an indicator of the wider societal context and its level of social cohesion. This paper draws on new longitudinal survey data to examine perceptions of group discrimination among new Polish immigrants to four Western European countries (Ireland, the UK, the Netherlands and Germany). Are there cross-national differences in perceived group discrimination, and how is discrimination related to exposure to, and experiences in, the host country? Perceived discrimination is found to be higher among Polish migrants in the Netherlands in Wave 1 (2011) than in the other three countries; perceptions of discrimination also increased more there between waves of the survey, as well as in the UK. Perceptions of group discrimination are related to some aspects of exposure to the host country (e.g. duration in the country), but are most strongly associated with negative experiences in the host country. Differences in country contexts - attitudinal climate and national discourses - seem to play a strong role in understanding perceived group discrimination among new Polish immigrants in Western Europe.
2015
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/88114/1/WP502.pdf
McGinnity, Frances and Gijsberts, Merove (2015) Perceived Group Discrimination among Polish Migrants to Western Europe: Comparing Germany, the Netherlands, the UK and Ireland. ESRI WP502. May 2015. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/88114/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:89762
2017-09-06T14:34:47Z
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7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:4430303130333968756D616E726967687473
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D6F74686572
Towards a Comprehensive EU Protection System for Minorities. CEPS Research Report, September 2017
Carrera, Sergio
Guild, Elspeth
Vosyliūtė, Lina
Bárd, Petra
human rights
discrimination/minorities
This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for
Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the LIBE Committee,
examines the added value of developing a democratic rule of law and fundamental
rights-based approach to the protection of minorities in the EU legal system, from
an ‘intersectional’ viewpoint. It presents the state of play regarding the main
challenges characterising the protection of ethnic, religious and linguistic
minorities in a selection of 11 European countries, in light of existing international
and regional legal standards. Minority protection has been an EU priority in
enlargement processes as a conditional criterion for candidate countries to accede
to the Union. Yet a similar scrutiny mechanism is lacking after accession. The
study puts forward several policy options to address this gap. It suggests specific
ways in which a Union Pact for democracy, the rule of law and fundamental rights,
could help to ensure a comprehensive EU approach to minority protection.
2017-09
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/89762/1/ProtectionSystemForMinorities.pdf
https://www.ceps.eu/publications/towards-comprehensive-eu-protection-system-minorities
Carrera, Sergio and Guild, Elspeth and Vosyliūtė, Lina and Bárd, Petra (2017) Towards a Comprehensive EU Protection System for Minorities. CEPS Research Report, September 2017. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/89762/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:92502
2017-11-13T18:00:45Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Cultural Integration of Muslims
in Europe: Prevention of Cultural Misunderstanding and Radicalism. EL-CSID Working Paper Issue 2017/5 • July 2017
Senocak, Naciye Selin
discrimination/minorities
In recent years, the European Union (EU) has
been promoting cultural diplomacy, framed in
terms of dialogue between civilisations/cultures,
and has aimed to exploit its role in the conduct
of foreign policy.
A recent declaration from the EU’s High Representative
for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,
Federica Mogherini, has urged caution, emphasising
the importance of cultural diplomacy:
“Investing in cultural diplomacy could help
strengthening the economy of your region, but
especially creating bridges, letting others know
us and knowing others reciprocally, establishing
bonds among people especially during these
hard times, to prevent fears and radicalisation
both in Europe and abroad. This is why we have
worked so hard to the first European strategy for
cultural diplomacy.” 1
2017-07
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/92502/1/EL%2DCSID_WorkingPaper_2017%2D05_CulturalIntegrationOfMuslimsInEurope.pdf
https://www.ies.be/working-paper/cultural-integration-muslims-europe
Senocak, Naciye Selin (2017) Cultural Integration of Muslims in Europe: Prevention of Cultural Misunderstanding and Radicalism. EL-CSID Working Paper Issue 2017/5 • July 2017. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/92502/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:97044
2019-04-30T14:51:07Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D6F74686572
Scaling up Roma Inclusion Strategies Truth, reconciliation and justice for addressing antigypsyism. Study. Study requested by the LIBE committee. CEPS Special Report, February 2019
Carrera, Sergio
Vosyliūtė, Lina
Rostas, Iulius
Danova-Roussinova, Savelina
Guerin, Julia
Smialowski, Brenda
discrimination/minorities
This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the LIBE Committee, aims to promote a better understanding of the Roma minority and communities’ situation in the EU. The study explores concrete proposals to upscale the post-2020 Roma framework strategy via a Rule of Law, Democracy and Fundamental Rights (DRF) Periodic Review/Mechanism and a Truth and Reconciliation Process at the EU level. It proposes ways to strengthen the role of the European Parliament in ensuring democratic accountability and the right to truth and effective justice for past and current human rights violations.
2019-03
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/97044/1/scaling_up_Roma.pdf
Carrera, Sergio and Vosyliūtė, Lina and Rostas, Iulius and Danova-Roussinova, Savelina and Guerin, Julia and Smialowski, Brenda (2019) Scaling up Roma Inclusion Strategies Truth, reconciliation and justice for addressing antigypsyism. Study. Study requested by the LIBE committee. CEPS Special Report, February 2019. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/97044/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:98557
2019-09-20T18:51:38Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D6F74686572
Equality and Discrimination: Lessons from a Research Programme and a Conference. ESRI Research Bulletin 2011/1/1
McGinnity, Frances
Russell, Helen
discrimination/minorities
Despite legislation outlawing discrimination across the EU, inequalities between groups appear to be an enduring feature of Irish and European societies. The extent to which inequality is due to discrimination is a matter of continuing debate and controversy. Accurately measuring discrimination is therefore a crucial yet challenging task. This has been a central focus of a research programme on equality and discrimination carried out by the Economic and Social Research Institute and the Equality Authority since 2006, and was the theme of the conference ‘Making Equality Count’ held in Dublin in June 2010. Drawing on economics, sociology and social psychology, the book from the conference, Making Equality Count, highlights advances that have been made in the measurement of discrimination, as well as the range of evidence that has been accumulated on this topic in recent decades.† Here we give a flavour of the measurement issues and the salient findings from the book.††
2010
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/98557/1/RB20110101.pdf
McGinnity, Frances and Russell, Helen (2010) Equality and Discrimination: Lessons from a Research Programme and a Conference. ESRI Research Bulletin 2011/1/1. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/98557/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:98614
2019-11-01T14:39:57Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138
7375626A656374733D46:46303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573
74797065733D6F74686572
Discrimination in the Labour Market:
Nationality, Ethnicity and the Recession. ESRI Research Bulletin 2015/2/2
Kingston, Gillian
McGinnity, Frances
O’Connell, Philip
employment/labour market
Ireland
discrimination/minorities
A growing body of research shows that immigrants suffer multiple disadvantages
in the Irish labour market, with lower employment, higher unemployment and
lower wages than Irish nationals. But what effect did Ireland’s economic crisis
have on discrimination? We investigated whether non-Irish nationals were more
likely to report experience of discrimination in the labour market after the crisis
hit.
2015
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/98614/1/RB20150202.pdf
Kingston, Gillian and McGinnity, Frances and O’Connell, Philip (2015) Discrimination in the Labour Market: Nationality, Ethnicity and the Recession. ESRI Research Bulletin 2015/2/2. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/98614/metadataPrefix%3Doai_dc%26offset%3D98615%26set%3D7375626A656374733D44%253A44303031%253A44303031303335%253A73706469736372696D696E6174696F6E6D696E6F726974696573