2024-03-28T20:13:44Zhttp://aei.pitt.edu/cgi/oai2
oai:aei.pitt.edu:232
2011-02-15T22:15:02Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273636F6D706E6174696D70
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Opposition through the Backdoor? The Case of National Non-Compliance with EU Directives. IHS Political Science Series: 2002, No. 83
Falkner, Gerda
Hartlapp, Miriam
Leiber, Simone
Treib, Oliver.
compliance/national implementation
labour/labor
Scholars of European Integration have recently shown increasing interest in the implementation phase of the EU policy cycle, particularly in the extent of, and the reasons for, national non-compliance with European rules. According to an intergovernmentalist perspective, implementation problems should only occur when member states failed to assert their interests in the European decision-making process. Focusing on 23 infringement procedures from the area of labour law, we show that such "opposition through the backdoor" does indeed occur occasionally. However, we demonstrate that opposition at the "rear end" of the EU policy process may also arise without prior opposition at the "front end". Our findings indicate that national non-compliance may also be due to administrative shortcomings, interpretation problems, and issue linkage.
2002-10
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/232/1/pw_83.pdf
Falkner, Gerda and Hartlapp, Miriam and Leiber, Simone and Treib, Oliver. (2002) Opposition through the Backdoor? The Case of National Non-Compliance with EU Directives. IHS Political Science Series: 2002, No. 83. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/232/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:424
2011-02-15T22:15:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Does Policy Harmonisation Work? The EU's Role in Regulating Migration Flows"
Thielemann, Eiko
labour/labor
Public policy making on asylum takes place in an environment of intense public scrutiny, strong institutional constraints and international collective action problems. By assessing the relative importance of key pull factors of international migration, this article explains why, even when controlling for their differences in size, some states receive a much larger number of asylum seekers than others. The analysis of 20 OECD countries for the period 1985-1999 further shows that some of the most high profile public policy measures—safe third country provisions, dispersal and voucher schemes—aimed, at least in part, at deterring unwanted migration and at addressing the highly unequal distribution of asylum burdens have often been ineffective. This is because the key determinants of an asylum seeker’s choice of host country are historical, economic and reputational factors that largely lie beyond the reach of asylum policy makers. Finally, the paper argues that the effectiveness of unilateral policy measures will be further undermined by multilateral attempts to harmonise restrictive policies and that current efforts such as those by the European Union will consolidate, rather than effectively address, existing disparities in the distribution of asylum burdens.
2003
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
text/html
http://aei.pitt.edu/424/1/EUSA%2DAPS%2DThielemann.html
Thielemann, Eiko (2003) "Does Policy Harmonisation Work? The EU's Role in Regulating Migration Flows". In: UNSPECIFIED, Nashville, Tennessee. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/424/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:612
2011-02-15T22:15:55Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303132
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Judicial Enforcement of EC Labour Law. Time limits, Burden of Proof, ex Officio Application of EC Law. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" N. 3/2002
Lo Faro, Antonio
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
labour/labor
European Court of Justice/Court of First Instance
[From the Introduction]. It would be hard to deny that the enforcement of Community legislation has up to now proceeded by means of a private enforcement model, as opposed to the public one initially provided for by the EC Treaty. This has been particularly true in the field of social law, where European citizens have been ensured of substantive rights deriving from Community law more by national courts acting on Article 234 preliminary references than by the European Court of Justice acting on Article 226 infringement procedures. This is not to be seen merely as a rsult of the inner weaknesses of the centralised public model based on infringement procedures. The absolute prevalence assumed over the years by the private enforcement model is rather to be understood as a corollary of the "twin pillars" of the Community legal order. The progressive consolidation of the doctrines of supremacy and - mostly - direct effect have altered the equilibrium between the pubic and the private route to the judicial enforcement of Community law, shifting the balance towards the latter. And indeed, had the Court of Justice not "discovered" supremacy and direct effect, the enforcement of EC law would have been entirely left either to the eagerness of the individual Member states to comply with their duties, or to the willingness (or the possibility) of the Commission to activate Article 226 proceedings. In either case, individual "Eurolitigation as an enforcement strategy for European labour law" would certainly not have played the role it has actually been playing since the seventies. It is within this broad framework that (national) remedies and procedures have become a fundamental complement for the effectiveness of (European) substantive rights. The pivotal role of individual ligigants claiming enforcement of EC rights before a national court explains the emphasis gained by judicial remedies within the case law of the European Court of Justice. And in fact, once the preponderance of the private enforcement model was acknowledged, it was unavoidable for the European Court to take into account the national sanctions and rules of procedure to be applied when disputing the effective enforcement of Community law.
2002
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/612/1/n3_lofaro.pdf
Lo Faro, Antonio (2002) Judicial Enforcement of EC Labour Law. Time limits, Burden of Proof, ex Officio Application of EC Law. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" N. 3/2002. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/612/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:615
2011-02-15T22:15:56Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
La Riforma dell'art. 117 della Costituzione italiana dal punto di vista del diritto del lavoro: aspetti di diritto comparato = The reform of Article 117 of the Italian Constitution from the point of view of Labour Law: Aspects of Compared Law. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" N. 6/2002
Runggaldier, Ulrich
labour/labor
Italy
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
[From the Introduction]. Attraverso la legge costituzionale del 18 ottobre 2001 n. 3 (G.U. n. 248 del 24 ottobre 2001) il Parlamento italiano ha attribuito alle regioni ulteriori competenze legislative ed amministrative e pertanto posto le basi per una svolta verso uno stato federale. In particolare il principio della competenza generale dello stato centrale con una enumerazione tassativa delle competenze attribuite agli enti territoriali, principio tradizionalmente tipico di uno stato unitario, é stato sostituito con il principio, tipico degli stati federali, della competenza generale delle regioni, salvo quelle materie per cui la competenza legislativa venga espressamente riservata allo Stato (cfr. la nuova versione dell'art. 117 della Costituzione italiana). Nel dettaglio, la citata legge costituzionale n. 3 prevede una serie di materie che sono riservate alla competenza legislativa esclusiva dello Stato, e altre materie per le quali si prevede una competenza legislativa concorrente delle regioni (art. 117 della Costituzione italiana nella versione vigente). L' esercizio della competenza legislativa concorrente da parte delle regioni secondo la legge costituzionale non é solo limitato dal rispetto delle disposizioni costituzionali e dei principi generali della Comunità europea; il suo esercizio deve inoltre avvenire nel rispetto dei principi fondamentali che stabiliscono leggi nazionali nelle rispettive materie. Contenuto e portata dei principi fondamentali non sono precisati nella legge costituzionale. Sarà pertanto compito della Corte costituzionale e della dottrina quello di concretizzare questi limiti in sede interpretativa. É ancora poco chiaro in quale direzione si volga l'opera interpretativa della giurisprudenza e della dottrina. Nella prospettiva della Provincia di Bolzano va preso in considerazione anche l' art. 10 della legge costituzionale n. 3. Secondo questa norma le disposizioni della legge costituzionale vanno applicate alle regioni con statuto speciale e alle province autonome di Trento e Bolzano solo in quanto prevedano competenze ulteriori per questi enti territoriali rispetto a quelle che sono giá loro attribuite. Questo vale peró solo fino a che gli Statuti dei citati enti territoriali non vengano all'uopo modificati.
2002
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/615/1/n6_runggaldier.pdf
Runggaldier, Ulrich (2002) La Riforma dell'art. 117 della Costituzione italiana dal punto di vista del diritto del lavoro: aspetti di diritto comparato = The reform of Article 117 of the Italian Constitution from the point of view of Labour Law: Aspects of Compared Law. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" N. 6/2002. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/615/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:617
2011-02-15T22:15:56Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031727270
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
The future of labour law: traditional models of social protection and a new constitution of social rights. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" N. 8/2002
Caruso, Bruno
labour/labor
regulations/regulatory policies
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
general
[From the Introduction]. Although European labour law and welfare systems differ (Ferrera 2000), featuring the characteristic traits of various models of capitalism and national systems of industrial relations (Mendras 1999, 235 ss.; Regini 2000, 13 ss.), they represented a convergent response by governments and states to the bewilderment and anxiety of the post-war period; in the collective imagination, they meant an answer to a widespread need for certainty, protection, and also identity, often collectively perceived and experienced via participation in trade unions, political parties and other institutions of representative democracy. There was nothing comparable in the USA, where the demand for security after the Second World War only led to a surrogate of the systems we have in Europe; a surrogate represented by systems of company protection and stable employment in those enterprises, steadily decreasing in number and size, in which trade unions were capable of protecting workers on the basis of mere power relationships and supporting legislation (going back to the New Deal) which bore in itself the seeds of its own weakness. This need for protection led to a conscious sacrifice of a large amount of individual liberty in the whole of Europe, in the sense that nation states and collective representations were delegated with providing an umbrella of legal and contractual rules, the individual power to modify which was intentionally limited.... I will confine myself to pointing out a few of the critical factors produced by the phenomenon that has effectively been summed up in the phrase "universal deregulation" (Bauman 1999), one of the most widely debated epiphenomena of which is the digital economy. I use this term in a purposely generic sense without any technical meaning, as I am conscious of complex implications and necessary distinctions which it evokes (process of real de regulation, but also re regulation, flexible regulation, flexibility etc.) (Sciarra 1999, 369 ss., Regini 2000, 52 ss., Collins 2001, 205 ss).
2002
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/617/1/n10_caruso.pdf
Caruso, Bruno (2002) The future of labour law: traditional models of social protection and a new constitution of social rights. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" N. 8/2002. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/617/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:618
2011-02-15T22:15:56Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D696E647573747269616C6C61626F757272656C6174696F6E73
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Financial participation and share ownership by workers: the situation in Italy. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" N. 11/2003
Alaimo, Anna
labour/labor
Italy
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
industrial/labour relations
[From the Introduction]. This paper will examine the current situation and future prospects of Italian legislation regarding the financial participation of workers in enterprise (in particular in the form of share ownership). Although most of the information and observations that follow will focus on Italy, some initial reference will be made to evolution within the European Community; the increasingly marked influence of EU social law on national labour systems makes it inevitable to introduce the topic from a European perspective, taking into account the main issues that have been raised – and apparently continue to be raised – at a Community level.
2002
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/618/1/n11_alaimo.pdf
Alaimo, Anna (2002) Financial participation and share ownership by workers: the situation in Italy. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" N. 11/2003. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/618/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:626
2011-02-15T22:15:59Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D656D706C6F796D656E74756E656D706C6F796D656E74
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303039
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Economic growth and the labor markets: Europe's challenge"
Wyplosz, Charles
European Central Bank
employment/unemployment
labour/labor
This paper reviews the accumulated theory and evidence on the sources of European underperformance in terms of economic growth and unemployment. It takes the view that the main problem lies with labor market institutions, ranging from negotiation structures to hiring and firing costs, unemployment benefits, minimum wages and taxation. It adopts the view that undesirable labor market structures have interacted with adverse shocks. An important question concerns the reasons behind reluctance in some countries to undertake reforms. The paper's thesis is that such reforms are not Pareto improving: a majority of the population stands to lose while a minority would benefit. The largest countries, where co-operation does not come naturally, are particularly vulnerable to a no-reform outcome. This observation is next used to outline possible scenarios. The paper concludes with a discussion of what could be the ECB contributions to either make reforms more acceptable or to cope with a separation of Europe in two groups of countries, those which have managed to implement reforms and those that will continue to operate with a high rate of equilibrium unemployment.
2000-05
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/626/1/WP8.pdf
Wyplosz, Charles (2000) "Economic growth and the labor markets: Europe's challenge". In: UNSPECIFIED, Brussels, Belgium.
http://aei.pitt.edu/626/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:740
2011-02-15T22:16:11Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303434
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
The active role of ESF and ETF - answer for effective EU on human resource development
Pluta, Malgorzata
labour/labor
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
general
information technology policy
[From the Introduction]. The economic policy agenda is currently shaped by the motive of competitiveness, which has been designed as a device to cope with the combined processes of globalisation and regionalisation of economy. As the world’s economy becomes increasingly globalized, nation states have had to reassess their comparative and competitive advantages. The best way to do this leads through using new technologies. The great technology progress, which we are witnessing is taking place from day to day at the end of the XX century. Nowadays we are all living in the Information Society based on use of information and communication technology lead by knowledge based economy. By the year 2010, half of all jobs will be in industries that are either major producers or intensive users of information technology products and services. It seems that the turn of the centuries is the most appropriate time for prognostic reflections related to the experiences of how this new technology progress leading to the economic growth affects the labour market.
2002
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/740/1/ICPluta.pdf
Pluta, Malgorzata (2002) The active role of ESF and ETF - answer for effective EU on human resource development. In: UNSPECIFIED, Corfu, Greece.
http://aei.pitt.edu/740/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:749
2011-02-15T22:16:13Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D756E696F6E73
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Trade Union Strategies towards Atypical Workers
Cervino, Emma
labour/labor
unions
Over the last three decades the European countries have undergone important changes in their labour markets and forms of production. This has fuelled an interest in analysing the effects of these changes on trade union organisations. The aim of this paper is to contribute to this area of research by examining: 1) the impact of the rise of atypical jobs on trade unions’ capacity of representation; and 2) trade union strategies toward atypical workers. This paper does not constitute completed research, but rather offers an analytical framework for the study of trade unions’ strategies towards groups of workers other than their traditional constituency.
2000
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/749/1/ICCervino.pdf
Cervino, Emma (2000) Trade Union Strategies towards Atypical Workers. In: UNSPECIFIED, Corfu, Greece.
http://aei.pitt.edu/749/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:750
2011-02-15T22:16:13Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C6166666169727362706561
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Importing New Ways of Organising Production and Labour: Lessons from the French Asset Management Industry
Kleiner, Thibaut.
labour/labor
France
business/private economic activity
[From the Introduction]. The present paper uses a particular case study, French asset management industry over the 1984-1999, to provide some necessary conditions for organisational practices coming from one business system to be integrated into another one. The choice of the case study comes from its exemplarity. Financial services are probably the sector where globalization and transformations were the most radical over the last 20 years. Moreover, it is the one sector where European integration is the most advanced. Asset management within financial services is an interesting example, because it is influenced not only from the global trends related to financial markets, but also from national institutional configurations, like the pension system. France is a critical example for investigating change. "Plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose": France is often pictured as a country where reform and change are impossible. Showing an example where this actually happened allows drawing some interesting conclusions about the possibilities of importing new organisation practices. The paper is based on a broader research investigating organizational adaptation in the French asset management industry. The material presented here was drawn from more than 60 interviews conducted mainly in Paris from March to September 1999 with investment professionals that were questioned about the changes in their industry. It also builds upon company documents and newspaper archives. After reviewing the transformation of French asset management industry, the paper will identify a pre-condition for successfully importing new ways of organising from another country.
2000
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/750/1/ICKleiner.pdf
Kleiner, Thibaut. (2000) Importing New Ways of Organising Production and Labour: Lessons from the French Asset Management Industry. In: UNSPECIFIED, Corfu, Greece.
http://aei.pitt.edu/750/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:1079
2011-02-15T22:17:09Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303233
7375626A656374733D46:46303038
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D46:46303138
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Southern European Labour Markets and Immigration: A Structural and Functional Analysis
Baldwin-Edwards, M.
immigration policy
Portugal
labour/labor
Italy
Spain
Greece
Southern European countries, the ‘new’ immigration countries of the EU (Baldwin-Edwards and Arango, 1999; King and Black, 1997) have experienced alongside mass illegal immigration either already-high unemployment [Spain] or increasing rates of unemployment [Greece and Italy]. This has led to some speculation that immigrants are competing with native labour forces, and thus creating unemployment. Furthermore, all southern Europe has undertaken legalisation programmes, attempting to minimise the extent of illegal residence and work by immigrants. There has been some limited research done on the effects of government policy, but this has been largely confined to Italy. Greece – the country with the greatest per capita problem of illegal immigration – has made no serious evaluation of its policies and is already proceeding with its second legalisation. The aim of this paper is to identify the structural location and role of immigration in the southern European labour markets, since there is evidence to suggest that the characteristics of immigration into southern Europe are distinct from the well-analysed patterns of the 1960s into northern Europe (Baldwin-Edwards, 1999: 2). First, I summarise the existing knowledge on immigrants and labour markets, with a focus on southern Europe. Then, the idea of a specific southern European labour market is posited, and I outline the common characteristics of the labour force, employment and the labour market itself along with nationally idiosyncratic characteristics. Next, the limited comparative data on immigrant location in southern European labour markets is presented. Finally, a brief evaluation is made of immigration into the southern European labour markets, its functions and patterns of location.
2002-12
Working Paper
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/1079/1/MMO_WP5.pdf
Baldwin-Edwards, M. (2002) Southern European Labour Markets and Immigration: A Structural and Functional Analysis. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/1079/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:1630
2011-02-15T22:19:24Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Di fronte all'Europa. Passato e presente del diritto del lavoro = Facing Europe. Past and Present of Labor Law. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" N. 12/2003
Sciarra, Silvana.
labour/labor
Italy
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
general
This paper offers a diachronic comparison of the regulations within the Italian Labor Law. It has the following goals: to evaluate to which extent the European Community Labor Law has influenced Italian Labor Law; and to analyze the role of Labor Law within European macroeconomic policies. The diachronic comparison reveals that the development of social and labor rights within the European context follows a separate and distinct pact from the economic integration. The evolution of social rights within the European policy is slow but continuous and strictly intertwined with complex institutional revision of the role of the states and the EU.
2003
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/1630/1/n19_sciarra.pdf
Sciarra, Silvana. (2003) Di fronte all'Europa. Passato e presente del diritto del lavoro = Facing Europe. Past and Present of Labor Law. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" N. 12/2003. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/1630/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:1636
2011-02-15T22:19:26Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273636F6D706E6174696D70
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
L'attuazione delle direttive sull'orario di lavoro tra vincoli comunitari e costituzionali = The Execution of the Policy on the Working Hours between the laws of the Italian Constitution and the EU Legislation. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" N. 21/2004
Carabelli, Umberto
Leccese, Vito.
labour/labor
Italy
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
compliance/national implementation
This paper analyzes the discrepancies between Italian and European Labor policy. It focuses in particular on safety and the number of working hours. The paper argues that it is in act a regression of labor rights, especially evident in the lack of a specific legislation concerning the legal limit for overtime work; and the lack of absolute limits for the daily and weekly number of working hours, that the author thinks should be limited respectively to 10 and 52. The second part of the paper stresses the Constitutional relevance of Labor Law and addresses the main points of disagreement between Italian and European Legislation.
2004
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/1636/1/n38_carabelli_leccese.pdf
Carabelli, Umberto and Leccese, Vito. (2004) L'attuazione delle direttive sull'orario di lavoro tra vincoli comunitari e costituzionali = The Execution of the Policy on the Working Hours between the laws of the Italian Constitution and the EU Legislation. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" N. 21/2004. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/1636/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:1732
2011-02-15T22:19:48Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D756E696F6E73
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
British Labour and the European Union: The Europeanisation of Trade Unions?
Mass, Erin Van der.
U.K.
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
labour/labor
unions
[From the Introduction]. The revitalisation of the EU since the 1980s has seen a qualitative change in the trajectory of the integration project. Market integration is at the core of the change and represents Europe’s response to competitive challenges from US and Japanese markets. The Single European Act and the subsequent rounds of intergovernmental conferences (IGCs, Maastricht, Amsterdam, Nice etc) have deepened market integration by removing both tariff and non-tariff barriers to the free-movement of goods and services. This has been achieved by relaxing the intergovernmental decision-making process and allowing for qualified majority voting (QMV) in the Council of Ministers in policy areas concerned with market making. The consolidation of the single market has been followed by the creation of a single European currency. Although the UK has yet to decide whether or not to join the Euro, these changes are significant for trade unions. Previously nationally bounded firms have now become Euro-companies with corporate governance, in addition to macro-economic, financial and political governance, shifting to the European level.
2004
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/1732/1/maas.pdf
Mass, Erin Van der. (2004) British Labour and the European Union: The Europeanisation of Trade Unions? In: UNSPECIFIED, Sheffield, UK.
http://aei.pitt.edu/1732/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:1831
2011-02-15T22:20:15Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303233
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:443030313033394575726F7065616E636974697A656E73686970
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303138
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Extending Citizenship Rights to Third Country Nationals: The Correlation between Migration and Integration: A Sample from South Europe. CEPS Working Document No. 175, October 2001
Apap, Joanna.
immigration policy
European citizenship
labour/labor
EU-North Africa/Maghreb
Italy
Spain
Various issues arise in the European context with respect to the boundaries of citizenship; one of the main questions is to what extent the division between the European Union citizens and third country nationals will increase, especially if "deepening" of the Union leads to more tightening of its external borders. This paper addresses the question of how far citizenship rights can be extended to third country migrants in the EU? The paper is divided into two parts; the first is a brief theoretical approach to questions about the parameters of citizenship in the EU. The second part focuses on Italy and Spain as new receiving states affected by North\South migration in the Mediterranean (their policies, people's attitudes, internal distribution of migrants, etc.) and compares their current position with the countries who have had a tradition of labour immigration since the1960s. It contrasts policy and practice vis-à-vis Maghrebi nationals in these two countries, although both are Mediterranean states in close geographical proximity to North Africa. The analysis suggests that the problems encountered by the different Mediterreanean EU members have, in some respects, to be treated on an individual basis. My empirical focus is mainly centred on labour immigration from the Maghreb countries (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia) and the public policy implications for the EU as a supranational Community rather than as a group of individual member states. I have chosen the Maghrebi immigrants not only because they constitute a high percentage of immigrants residing and working at present in the EU (about 2.5 million), but because their numbers have increased significantly (for both economic and political reasons). The empirical material largely relates to legally resident migrant workers in the EU and their families. The conclusion attempts to show why the EU cannot avoid dealing with this issue at least to some extent. The development of the EU's principles of the free movement of persons within the Community in order to work in another member state, equal treatment and social justice will be tested as they apply to the position of legally resident third country nationals.
2001-10
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/1831/1/WD175.PDF
Apap, Joanna. (2001) Extending Citizenship Rights to Third Country Nationals: The Correlation between Migration and Integration: A Sample from South Europe. CEPS Working Document No. 175, October 2001. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/1831/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:1837
2011-02-15T22:20:17Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D656D706C6F796D656E74756E656D706C6F796D656E74
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Factor Mobility and Regional Disparities: East, West, Home’s Best? ENEPRI Working Paper No. 26, January 2004
Nahuis, Richard
Parikh, Ashok.
employment/unemployment
labour/labor
Unemployment rates as well as income per capita differ vastly across the regions of Europe. Labour mobility can play a role in resolving regional disparities. This paper focuses on the questions why labour mobility is low in the EU and how it is possible that it remains low. We explore whether changes in labour participation act as an important alternative adjustment mechanism. We answer this question in the affirmative. Furthermore, we argue that labour participation of young females is very important in adjusting to regional disparities. Finally, we examine whether part-time work is an adjustment mechanism that is comparable to labour force participation. It turns out not to be.
2004-01
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/1837/1/ENEPRI_WP26.pdf
Nahuis, Richard and Parikh, Ashok. (2004) Factor Mobility and Regional Disparities: East, West, Home’s Best? ENEPRI Working Paper No. 26, January 2004. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/1837/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:1842
2011-02-15T22:20:18Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:6566616D6F6E6574617279706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303039
74797065733D6F74686572
Asymmetries in European Labour Markets and Monetary Policy in Euroland. ENEPRI Occasional Paper No. 1, September 2003
Gros, Daniel
Hefeker, Carsten.
labour/labor
monetary policy
European Central Bank
[From the Introduction]. The present paper addresses some of the key issues the ECB would have to address to make the best of this combination of asymmetric labour markets and a common monetary policy. Research on these issues is widely scattered because both labour market and monetary policy specialists mainly just look at their own field. Hence, one purpose of this paper is to bring together two strands of the literature. The preliminary results suggest that the ECB may be well advised to reconsider its decision-making process. Further, since these asymmetries would pose less of a problem if labour markets were flexible and adapted more or less smoothly to changes in the economic environment, it is also important to analyse how far the attempts to liberalise European labour markets have progressed.
2003-09
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/1842/1/ENEPRI_OP1.pdf
Gros, Daniel and Hefeker, Carsten. (2003) Asymmetries in European Labour Markets and Monetary Policy in Euroland. ENEPRI Occasional Paper No. 1, September 2003. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/1842/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:1855
2011-02-15T22:20:21Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D656D706C6F796D656E74756E656D706C6F796D656E74
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65666153696E676C654D61726B6574:65666153696E676C654D61726B657473686F
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303436
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737077656C666172657374617465
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Mutual Recognition, Unemployment and the Welfare State. ENEPRI Working Paper No. 13, September 2002
Kostoris, Fiorella
Schioppa, Padoa.
public health policy (including global activities)
labour/labor
harmonisation/standards/mutual recognition
welfare state
employment/unemployment
Contents: 1. Introduction; 2. Rules and Regulations on Mutual Recognition in the European Union Markets; Mutual recognition, equivalence, competition and harmonisation; "Equal treatment" and "social dumping"; The minimum threshold; 3. Proposals for the Introduction of Mutual Recognition in the European Labour Markets and Welfare States; Existing general rules for social protection in Europe; Health care; Mandatory pension schemes; Supplementary pension schemes; Classical unemployment and labour mobility; Mutual recognition and labour market rigidities: A theoretical model; 4. Policy Conclusions. [From the Introduction]. In the post-war process of its economic and social construction, the European Union has been following different paths ranging between open assimilation to mutual recognition. The former arises in the attempts, either negotiated between partners or proposed by Community institutions, to attain harmonisation, coordination, convergence, strengthened co-operation, through peer pressures or moral suasion, looking at benchmarks or at best practices. These are all forms of mediation, compromise, variable geometry between Member States, which show a certain degree of success, but also many failures, mainly because they are unable to accept unity in diversity making the large, existing heterogeneity in Europe a form not of weakness but of wealth. This is indeed the very gist of the principle of mutual recognition: its symbolic value can be easily perceived simply by thinking that, if the American currency bears the caption "ex pluribus unum", the Euro motto becomes "unity in diversity", as stated in her May 4 2000 speech by Mme. Nicole Fontaine, Chairperson of the European Parliament.... In what follows we will analyse the main reasons for the observed facts concerning the advantages of mutual recognition in three out of the four European freedoms (Section 2). We will then see the disadvantages of using an oposite principle in Union’s labour markets and Welfare States. Some possible extensions of the principle of mutual recognition in these fields will thus be proposed: using a simple theoretical game theory model, the positive implications on labour mobility and on the fight against the European classical unemployment will be shown (Section 3). Section 4 will illustrate some policy conclusions.
2002-09
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/1855/1/ENEPRI_WP13.PDF
Kostoris, Fiorella and Schioppa, Padoa. (2002) Mutual Recognition, Unemployment and the Welfare State. ENEPRI Working Paper No. 13, September 2002. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/1855/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:1859
2011-02-15T22:20:22Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D656D706C6F796D656E74756E656D706C6F796D656E74
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Midlife Caregiving & Employment: An Analysis of Adjustments in Work Hours and Informal Care for Female Employees in Europe. ENEPRI Working Paper No. 9, February 2002
Spiess, C. Katharina
Schneider, Ulrike.
labour/labor
employment/unemployment
This study examines eldercare in private households and the employment behaviour of female caregivers in Europe. Based on the first three waves of the European Community Household Panel we estimate probit-models to analyse the probability of caregiving and we use a simplified difference-in-difference approach to explain the correlation between changes in caregiving behaviour and changes in working hours. We restrict our sample to middle-aged women in 12 EU-countries. In order to control for country-effects we include country dummies in our models. In addition, we run separate estimations for northern European countries on the one hand and southern European countries on the other hand. We find a significant negative association between starting or increasing informal caregiving and the change in weekly work hours. No such association emerges for women terminating a caregiving spell or reducing care hours.
2002-02
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/1859/1/ENEPRI_WP09.PDF
Spiess, C. Katharina and Schneider, Ulrike. (2002) Midlife Caregiving & Employment: An Analysis of Adjustments in Work Hours and Informal Care for Female Employees in Europe. ENEPRI Working Paper No. 9, February 2002. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/1859/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:1865
2011-02-15T22:20:24Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:656661454D55454D536575726F
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
European Labour Markets and the Euro: How much flexibility do we really need? ENEPRI Working Paper No. 3, March 2001
Burda, Michael C.
labour/labor
EMU/EMS/euro
Widespread concern over real effects of EMU is consistent with new Keynesian approaches to macroeconomic fluctuations, but more difficult to reconcile with a real business cycle (RBC) paradigm. Using a model with frictions as a point of departure, I speculate that nominal price rigidity in Europe is likely to increase, while real rigidities are likely to decrease, as a consequence of monetary union. This logic implies a new European macroeconomic regime in which monetary policy is increasingly "effective" in influencing output in the short run. Similarly, changes in the nature of real and nominal price determination are likely to increase the volatility of the European business cycle. Empirical evidence of increasing covariation of price inflation and declining correlation of wage inflation and real wage growth within EMU countries in the last decade is consistent with this conjecture. Calls for additional labour market flexibility, given the magnitude of what is already in store for Europe, may be unwarranted.
2001-03
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/1865/1/ENEPRI_WP03.pdf
Burda, Michael C. (2001) European Labour Markets and the Euro: How much flexibility do we really need? ENEPRI Working Paper No. 3, March 2001. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/1865/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:1866
2011-02-15T22:20:25Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:6566616D6F6E6574617279706F6C696379
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Asymmetric Labour Markets in a Converging Europe: Do differences matter? ENEPRI Working Paper No. 2, January 2001
Barrell, Ray
Dury, Karen.
labour/labor
monetary policy
Asymmetric economic structures across Europe may result in common shocks having asymmetric effects. In this paper we investigate whether the differences in the structure and dynamics that we observe in the European economies matter for policy design. In particular it is widely believed that labour market responses are different, with the structure of labour demand and the nature of the bargain over wages differing between countries. In addition the European economies move at different speeds in response to common shocks. In this paper we construct three different models of Europe, one where the labour market relationships are separately estimated and assumed to be different, one where the most statistically acceptable commonalties are imposed and one where common labour market relationships are imposed across all member countries. We use panel estimation techniques to test for the imposition of commonalties among countries. We find that it is possible to divide Europe into sub-groups, but it is not possible to have one model of European labour markets. We use stochastic simulation techniques on these different models of Europe and find that the preferred rule for the ECB is a combined nominal aggregate and inflation-targeting rule. We find that while this rule is dominant in all our models, the more inertia that is introduced into the labour markets, the more a nominal aggregate-targeting rule alone may be preferred. However, we conclude, that differences in the labour market transmission mechanisms across the European countries appear to have little influence on the setting of monetary policy for the ECB, although this depends on the relative importance of the different components in the welfare loss function.
2001-01
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/1866/1/ENEPRI_WP02.pdf
Barrell, Ray and Dury, Karen. (2001) Asymmetric Labour Markets in a Converging Europe: Do differences matter? ENEPRI Working Paper No. 2, January 2001. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/1866/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:1937
2011-02-15T22:20:38Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:696E7465726E6174696F6E616C7472616465
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
The Declining Use of Unskilled Labour in Italian Manufacturing: Is Trade to Blame? CEPS Working Document No. 178, December 2001
Brenton, Paul
Pinna, Anna Maria.
labour/labor
Italy
international trade
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
As in other industrialised countries, the manufacturing sector in Italy has recently experienced a substantial increase in the use of skilled relative to unskilled workers - skill upgrading. In this paper we estimate a model, based upon the notion of outsourcing, of the relative demand for skilled labour which allows identification of the roles of technological change and trade, the two main culprits, in skill upgrading. Compared to previous studies of Italy the model is applied to highly disaggregated industrial data and in addition the impact of trade is more precisely measured through the separate identification of import flows from low-wage labour abundant countries and those from OECD partners. Furthermore we also introduce a measure of trade variability. Our results show firstly that economic variables played little or no role in determining the relative demand for unskilled workers in the 1970s in Italy, reflecting the nature of Italian labour market institutions in the period. Subsequently, in the 1980s and 1990s, following some labour market reforms, we find that international competition, in terms of import penetration and the variability of trade prices, had a significant effect on the relative demand for blue-collar workers in Italy in skilled intensive sectors. In unskilled intensive sectors, such as textiles and clothing, where the impact of imports from low-wage countries might be expected to be more pronounced, we do not find a significant effect from imports but rather that the most important role has been played by technological change. The result is consistent with previous studies that indicate that Italian textile and clothing firms have remained internationally competitive by increasingly switching to high quality segments of the industry.
2001-12
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/1937/1/WD178.PDF
Brenton, Paul and Pinna, Anna Maria. (2001) The Declining Use of Unskilled Labour in Italian Manufacturing: Is Trade to Blame? CEPS Working Document No. 178, December 2001. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/1937/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2087
2011-02-15T22:21:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:494C4F
7375626A656374733D45:45303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:696E7465726E6174696F6E616C7472616465
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:676C6F62616C69736174696F6E676C6F62616C697A6174696F6E
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Why 'non-efficiency enhancing' labor-side agreements?: global governance and labor markets: the EU, NAFTA, and the ILO"
Gitterman, Daniel P.
GATT/WTO
ILO
labour/labor
globalisation/globalization
international trade
This paper offers an explanation of why governments agree to labor side-agreements and how the delegation or transfer of regulatory authority varies across two regional agreements-the European Union (EU/Social Protocol), North America (NAFTA/NAALC), and the international system (ILO/WTO). I argue that nations agree to a social dimension or a labor side-agreement because cooperation presents a solution to domestic political problems in advanced industrialized nations. My argument is that governments must seek ways to maximize the economic efficiency gains from free trade and to minimize domestic political opposition. Thus, they strategically delegate or transfer limited authority to an alternative institution in an effort to respond to domestic differences within countries and managed the anticipated distributional conflict between nations, accepting one set of rules in one agreement and another set of rules in the others.
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2087/1/002236_1.PDF
Gitterman, Daniel P. (2001) "Why 'non-efficiency enhancing' labor-side agreements?: global governance and labor markets: the EU, NAFTA, and the ILO". In: UNSPECIFIED, Madison, Wisconsin. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2087/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2145
2011-02-15T22:21:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D46:46303031
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65666153696E676C654D61726B6574:65666153696E676C654D61726B65746361706974616C676F6F64737365727669636573
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D46:46303135
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Incomplete integration, disintegration, and national response strategies: The liberalization of service provision in the European Union and national migration policy initiatives"
Menz, Georg.
France
Netherlands
Germany
immigration policy
labour/labor
capital, goods, services, workers
Austria
This paper seeks to examine the shape of EU immigration policy for discernible regularities in a deductive fashion. I argue that the overarching pattern of regulation in immigration policy is congruent with and indeed to some extent part of EU social policy. A vague, broadly inclusive and non-intrusive "safety net" emerges, within which national arrangements can unfold. Though this safety net is often based on individual national initiatives, it is watered down so much that it presents little more than a "lowest common denominator" solution. The empirical case studies from which this regulatory pattern are distilled are firstly the EU driven liberalization of service provision and national response strategies addressing this attempt to foster internal labor migration in Austria, France, the Netherlands, and Germany. Secondly, national initiatives at promoting immigration from third countries are considered, among which are Germany and Austria's programs on seasonal and contract labor (Saisonarbeitskräfte-Werkvertragsarbeitnehmer) and the new programs to invite highly skilled IT professionals on a temporary basis.
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2145/1/002135_1.PDF
Menz, Georg. (2001) "Incomplete integration, disintegration, and national response strategies: The liberalization of service provision in the European Union and national migration policy initiatives". In: UNSPECIFIED, Madison, Wisconsin. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2145/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2158
2011-02-15T22:21:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303039
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303230
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303432
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303436
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Who governs?"
Pollack, Mark A.
Shaffer, Gregory C.
EU-US
public health policy (including global activities)
labour/labor
consumer protection policy
environmental policy (including international arena)
In this chapter, we attempt to provide some answers, on the basis of the empirical evidence presented in the preceding chapters, to the two sets of questions posed in the introduction to this volume. In the first section of this chapter, we attempt to explain the rise of new forms of transatlantic governance during the 1990s, addressing three core questions: What's new about these transatlantic governance mechanisms? Why are they developing now? And why have the various actors in the new governance networks chosen to organize at the transatlantic level, rather than in some other international forums? In the second section, we examine the evidence of transatlantic governance across a wide range of issue areas, ranging from trade and standard setting to food safety, consumer protection, labor, and the environment, and we assess the relative explanatory power of the intergovernmental, transgovernmental, and transnational models of governance laid out in the introduction. In the third section, we conclude that transatlantic governance is increasingly governance by mixed networks of all three types of actors, albeit with a leading role for the Clinton administration and the European commission, which emerge as the primary architects of the New Transatlantic Agenda. Finally, returning to Rhodes's model of governance by mixed networks of public and private actors brought together by resource interdependencies, we examine the relative power of various actors within these transatlantic networks as a function of their respective resource endowments, and we speculate about the development of those networks in the coming years.
2001
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2158/1/002690_1.pdf
Pollack, Mark A. and Shaffer, Gregory C. (2001) "Who governs?". In: UNSPECIFIED, Madison, Wisconsin. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2158/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2301
2011-02-15T22:22:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D41:41303239
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The Expression of the European Social Model Through the Medium of Labour Law: An ‘Institutionalist’ Account”
Hunt, Jo.
labour/labor
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
general
integration theory (see also researching and writing the EU in this section)
This paper identifies the three frames as being in turn (1) social policy as an adjunct of the internal market, contributing to the equalisation of market conditions and the creation of a ‘level playing field’; (2) a ‘strong’ social policy based on social rights and industrial citizenship, and (3) social policy in partnership with economic policy, promoting productivity and competitiveness through its role in the formation of an adaptable and flexible workforce. Section three of this paper will assess the extent to which each frame can be seen to have been ‘institutionalized’ within the Community system. The focus is on the institutionalization of the current dominant frame-one which arguably marks a shift in the social model and which conceives of social policy as an instrument for adaptability and flexibility. Section four will consider the policy implications of the ascendancy of this frame, and the way in which European social model is being now expressed at Community level. Before this, however, a brief introduction to the institutionalist approach will be provided.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2301/1/002611_1.pdf
Hunt, Jo. (1999) "The Expression of the European Social Model Through the Medium of Labour Law: An ‘Institutionalist’ Account”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2301/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2375
2011-02-15T22:22:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
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74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
“Social Dialogue and European Labour: A New Scale of Governance?”
Sadler, David.
general
labour/labor
Firstly, I argue that there needs to be more explicit consideration given to the links between competing forms of organisation of production, and their differing implications for the constitution of labour regimes in both the workplace and the labour market. This is not to propose that labour strategy can be somehow read off from production process, but that there needs to be a finer grained analysis of the nature of the linkages between the two. Secondly, I suggest that many accounts of European labour market governance have been implicitly normative in character, and as such have tended to assume rather than demonstrate analytically that Europeanisation-the translation to a European scale of issues and debates previously conducted at national scale-is a key aspect of current developments. In contrast, I argue that there needs to be more consideration given to the process of scaling--the ways in which particular labour market governance issues become associated with, and determined at, one geographical scale or another. That is to say, scale is not pre-given, but is itself socially constituted. Thirdly, I review recent work on trade union strategies as seen from geographical perspective.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2375/1/002534_1.pdf
Sadler, David. (1999) “Social Dialogue and European Labour: A New Scale of Governance?”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2375/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:2408
2011-02-15T22:22:38Z
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7375626A656374733D46:46303037
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7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
“Revitalizing Labor in the U.S., Britain and Germany: Social Movements and Institutional Change”
Turner, Lowell.
Germany
EU-US
U.K.
general
integration theory (see also researching and writing the EU in this section)
labour/labor
Institutions shape behavior. This is the core argument of the theorists of modern institutionalism, an argument that has proven clear, parsimonious, and widely applicable for many different institutions and behaviors in a variety of circumstances and settings (e.g., Hall 1986; March and Olsen 1989; Steinmo et al. 1992). Still, for an understanding of historical and contemporary change, this powerful argument is not enough, as most institutionalists readily admit (Thelen and Steinmo 1991). The institutional argument in fact tells us nothing of how institutions come to be and how they change--with obvious consequences for the behavior they are shaping. New propositions are therefore needed, and in this paper we examine the following: social movements shape institutions.
1999
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/2408/1/002898_1.PDF
Turner, Lowell. (1999) “Revitalizing Labor in the U.S., Britain and Germany: Social Movements and Institutional Change”. In: UNSPECIFIED, Pittsburgh, PA. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/2408/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:3017
2011-02-15T22:25:03Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D656D706C6F796D656E74756E656D706C6F796D656E74
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C6166666169727362706561
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:643030314C6973626F6E6167656E6461
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The European Social Model of Corporate Governance: Prospects for Success in an Enlarged Europe"
Lynch Fannon, Irene.
labour/labor
employment/unemployment
general
business/private economic activity
Lisbon StrategyAgenda/Partnership for Growth and Employment
[Introduction]. This paper will consider the competitiveness goal of the European Union as outlined at the Council Summit in Lisbon in 2000 summarised in the statement "that no one gets left behind as it strives to become the world’s most competitive and dynamic knowledge -based economy." The express linking of competitiveness with employment and social policies, a cornerstone of the Lisbon agenda or strategy, presents us with an imperative to consider simultaneously the issues of economic growth, employment and social policy from a number of different perspectives. This article will focus on corporate governance and labour market regulation as perspectives that will provide us with the tools to understand where the European Union is seeking to place itself along a spectrum of potential approaches to these issues and to assess the effectiveness of the strategy. The corporate governance perspective highlights the uniquely European understanding of the proper role of Europe’s corporations in supporting achievement of these goals. Part I will proffer a definition of the European 'social model of corporate governance' as compared with other governance systems, in particular the US model, with the proviso that classification systems currently adopted by corporate governance scholars do not necessarily capture significant variations of type. Part II will consider continued development of the European policies both before and after Lisbon in 2000, with particular emphasis on the 'mid-term review' of Lisbon this year, and on evidence of an intra-institutional debate regarding the Lisbon goals. Part III will highlight the difficulties in establishing exact correlative connections or more problematically actual causative connections between both corporate governance systems, elements of the Lisbon agenda, particularly those relating to labour market regulation and economic and social outcomes. Part IV will focus on particular challenges faced in the context of the 2004 enlargement to include 10 new eastern European states. The Conclusion will follow.
2005
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
text/plain
http://aei.pitt.edu/3017/1/The_European_Social_Model_of_Corporate_Governance.txt
application/msword
http://aei.pitt.edu/3017/2/The_European_Social_Model_of_Corporate_Governance.doc
Lynch Fannon, Irene. (2005) "The European Social Model of Corporate Governance: Prospects for Success in an Enlarged Europe". In: UNSPECIFIED, Austin, Texas. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/3017/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:3051
2011-02-15T22:25:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
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7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273636F6D706E6174696D70
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Explaining EU Policy Implementation Across Countries: Three Modes of Adaptation"
Falkner, Gerda
Treib, Oliver.
governance: EU & national level
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
general
compliance/national implementation
labour/labor
The project group on "New Governance and Social Europe" (http://www.mpifg.de/socialeurope) studied 90 cases of implementation performance, related to six labour law Directives and 15 member states. We derived a large number of hypotheses as to when compliance or non-compliance with EU law should be expected from the different literatures on implementation theory and on "Europeanisation", and we formulated a couple of fresh hypotheses (see Chapters 2 and 14 of our book forthcoming with CUP). However, an untidy overall picture emerged at the end of this exercise: no causal arrow presupposed by existing theories or by our own theoretical considerations seemed either necessary or sufficient in practice across the 90 cases. We then followed the methodological recommendations of the "grounded theory" school to work on the theoretical and empirical levels repeatedly and in turn in order to allow fresh insights from each field to improve our work in the other. We thus went back to the information on each country that we had derived from our interviews and stopped simply testing the prevailing hypotheses against our cases. When re-focussing on the broader knowledge about the countries we had gained in the interviews, we finally discovered three clusters of countries, each showing a specific typical pattern of reacting to EU-induced reform requirements. In fact, some EU member states displayed quite a regular pattern of compliance or non-compliance, regardless of how the specific provisions actually matched the relevant national policy legacies and governmental ideologies. We discerned three ideal-typical patterns of how member states handle the duty of complying with EU law, three different "worlds of compliance" within the EU15: a "world of law observance", a "world of domestic politics", and a "world of neglect". The specific results of particular examples of (non-)compliance tend to depend on different factors within each of the various worlds: the compliance cultures in the field can explain most cases in the worlds of law observance and neglect, while in the world of domestic politics the specific fit with domestic political preferences in each case plays a much larger role. These "worlds" are not necessarily visible if we only look at the overall implementation performance of member states. In contrast, our argument is that similar implementation records may be due to completely different factors in different groups of countries. We also do not claim that the categorisation of "three worlds of compliance" is able to predict individual cases of implementation in the member states. However, we feel confident that it does cover the typical patterns of how member states deal with their duty to comply with EU Directives – definitely in the area of social policy, but probably even far beyond that.
2005
Conference or Workshop Item
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/3051/1/FalknerTreib_ThreeWorlds_ShortVersion.pdf
Falkner, Gerda and Treib, Oliver. (2005) "Explaining EU Policy Implementation Across Countries: Three Modes of Adaptation". In: UNSPECIFIED, Austin, Texas. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/3051/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:5285
2011-02-15T22:35:59Z
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7375626A656374733D46:46303138
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7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303138
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Migration into Southern Europe: Non-legality and labour markets in the region. MMO Working Paper No. 6, Dec. 2005
Baldwin-Edwards, Martin
Italy
Spain
Greece
immigration policy
Portugal
labour/labor
EU-North Africa/Maghreb
This paper collates the limited empirical evidence concerning illegal boat migrations into southern Europe, in order to identify the migrants' possible role in local, southern or European labour markets. Drawing upon my previous work, it is shown that immigration policies in southern Europe have exhibited a complex and varying mix of responses to non-legal migrations: the three policy instruments available are toleration, legalization and expulsion. Increasingly, the EU has been promoting expulsion as the major solution, and southern EU countries have become more interested in this policy instrument in recent years. However, the "learned" message to North Africa and beyond is clear: come as illegal migrants, and work is available for you. Essentially, the security paradigm of "Sieve Europe" contradicts much of Europe's labour market and demographic requirements: as of 2005, the EU has failed to conclude any meaningful policy texts on managing immigration into the territory, let alone enact policy. This incoherent approach puts the responsibility for immigration solely onto first state of arrival [e.g. Dublin Convention], whilst the concept of "burden-sharing" and refugees concerns only fiscal burdens. The paper concludes that the problem of non-legal immigration into the southern countries is the direct consequence of mismanagement of EU immigration policy, and can be solved only at the EU level.
2005-12
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/5285/1/MMO_WP6.pdf
Baldwin-Edwards, Martin (2005) Migration into Southern Europe: Non-legality and labour markets in the region. MMO Working Paper No. 6, Dec. 2005. [Working Paper] (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/5285/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6098
2011-02-15T22:40:33Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
The Concept of Flexibility in Labour Law. The Italian case in the European context. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" N. 22/2004
Caruso, Bruno.
labour/labor
Italy
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
[From Foreword]. Is it possible to observe changes in labour law through the kaleidoscope of the concept of flexibility? One would instinctively be advised to proceed with caution. The concept is by no means settled and is above all used in various guises in a number of different sectors. Careless use of it risks masking its refractive effect. It is a point of fact that reference to the concept in everyday conversation and in the mass media often takes on a symbolic value, becoming a magic formula which overlooks all reference to real phenomena. To try to give order to the discourse, we can point out some salient features, among many, which could be associated with the concept of flexibility and can be found in the concrete praxis of the management and organization of work. As an example, we can point to two of them in particular: A) The first is an objective, almost descriptive feature: that is to say, the polysemantic nature of the term, one which leaves a particular aftertaste of ambiguity. Reference to flexibility becomes more concrete when its meaning is functionally specified and inserted into a syntagm (see par. II below). B) The second is of greater normative and evaluative value: current considerations, at least on the part of some scholars, in terms of redundancy, excess. Flexibility is homeopathic: if used in the right doses, it is an effective remedy, but one must not overdo it! And at times, as in the Italian situation – but this would mean anticipating the end of the story – flexibility handled with lack of legislative caution, tending towards exaggeration, may cause more problems than it solves. A brief analysis of these two salient features of the concept will help to place the specific evolution of the concept of flexibility in Italian labour law in a general framework, which is the specific aim of this essay.
2004
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6098/1/n39_caruso.pdf
Caruso, Bruno. (2004) The Concept of Flexibility in Labour Law. The Italian case in the European context. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" N. 22/2004. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/6098/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6106
2011-02-15T22:40:35Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
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7375626A656374733D44:44303031:643030314C6973626F6E6167656E6461
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7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Fundamental Labour Rights after the Lisbon Agenda. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" N. 36/2005
Sciarra, Silvana.
labour/labor
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
employment/unemployment
general
Lisbon StrategyAgenda/Partnership for Growth and Employment
[From the Introduction]. This chapter is focused principally on current developments in European social and employment policies. The intention is to consider the original character of EU legal approaches in these fields and to investigate whether, using the notion of fundamental labour rights, there can be a beneficial expansion of this notion by means of a broader circulation of international sources. ‘Circulation’ is a notion grounded on the necessary interrelation – and in some cases the interdependence – of sources generated within different legal systems. A ‘pluralistic’ point of view, not new in Western European legal traditions, reappears in current legal discourse. The main objective of this chapter is to capture developments occurring within national and supranational legal orders, and to interpret their possible outcomes in terms of new entitlements both for individuals and for groups. The hypothesis on which this chapter is based is that the evolution of labour law at national level has been influenced by EU law, while maintaining its own dominant characteristics. This observation suggests that national diversities enrich the multi-cultural and multi-level legal environment in which law-making takes place. In the first phase of the so-called Lisbon strategy, national legislatures have been extremely active in furthering labour law reforms. Legislation adopted over the years has intervened significantly in the regulation of individual contracts of employment and, more broadly, has had an impact on the reform of national labour markets. If one bears in mind the original four pillars of the European employment strategy (EES), one soon realizes that there has been a convergence of national legislatures towards similar areas of intervention. A related argument is that national legislatures had a rather predictable canvas on which lines could be drawn and colours could be mixed.
2005
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6106/1/n65_sciarra.pdf
Sciarra, Silvana. (2005) Fundamental Labour Rights after the Lisbon Agenda. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" N. 36/2005. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/6106/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6139
2011-02-15T22:40:45Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D756E696F6E73
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
British Labour and the European Union: The Europeanisation of Trade Unions?
Van der Maas, Erin.
U.K.
labour/labor
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
unions
[From the Introduction]. This paper argues that the perceived costs, benefits and opportunities of deeper European integration will vary across trade union organisations due to sectoral orientation. In addition, a positive assessment of ‘Europe’ and further integration does not necessarily result in Europeanisation of any kind. A particular trade union’s response to the EU is also subject to internal ideological and organisational constraints [Marks & McAdam 1996]. By analysing responses of trade union organisations to instances of EU integration this study hopes to highlight: How union organisations assess deepening European integration and the developing European political economy; The role of industrial location or sectoral orientation in the assessment of perceived economic and political interests; The role of internal organisational dynamics/constraints in determining the direction and extent of responses.
2004
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6139/1/maasjuly16.pdf
Van der Maas, Erin. (2004) British Labour and the European Union: The Europeanisation of Trade Unions? In: UNSPECIFIED, Sheffield, UK.
http://aei.pitt.edu/6139/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6363
2011-02-15T22:42:11Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303038
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D46:46416C62616E6961
74797065733D61727469636C65
Albanian Emigration and the Greek Labour Market
Baldwin-Edwards, Martin.
Albania
Greece
immigration policy
labour/labor
In this paper, I try to give an outline of the modern history of Albanian migration to Greece, the role of Albanians in the Greek economy, policy measures by the Greekstate and the complex reactions of Greek society. I conclude with a brief synthesis of these different approaches since, in the case of Greece especially, their separation is somewhat artificial.
Hans Bockler Stiftung & Nomos
2004
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6363/1/Albanian_Emigration_SEER2004.pdf
Baldwin-Edwards, Martin. (2004) Albanian Emigration and the Greek Labour Market. South-East Europe Review for Labour and Social Affairs, 1/2004. pp. 51-65.
http://aei.pitt.edu/6363/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6674
2011-02-15T22:43:51Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
An EU Approach to Labour Migration: What is the Added Value and the Way Ahead? CEPS Working Documents No. 232, 1 October 2005
Carrera, Sergio
Formisano, Marco.
immigration policy
labour/labor
An EU approach dealing with labour migration continues to be the missing element for the establishment of a truly common immigration policy. Until present there has been an unacceptable official reluctance to the liberalisation and adjustment of immigration policies to reflect the realities that the Union is facing. In 2004 the European Commission presented a Green Paper on an EU approach to managing economic migration, which intends to pave the way for an Action Plan to be presented on this issue at the end of this year. Following the Commission’s Green Paper this working document poses the question: What is the added value of an EU approach to labour migration? As the paper argues, a common approach is highly necessary in light of economic efficiency and social cohesion, and in order to provide an answer to some of the challenges that migration is posing to the receiving societies. Further, economic considerations must not prevail over human ones. The principles of non-discrimination, access to justice, fair treatment and solidarity should be at the roots of any transnational policy response. Finally, a pragmatic and respectful approach should guide the discussions and policy outputs of the current debate on an EU labour migration policy.
2005-10
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6674/1/1272_232.pdf
Carrera, Sergio and Formisano, Marco. (2005) An EU Approach to Labour Migration: What is the Added Value and the Way Ahead? CEPS Working Documents No. 232, 1 October 2005. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/6674/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6735
2020-01-09T21:30:52Z
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Integration and Conditional Convergence in the Enlarged EU Area. CEPS ENEPRI Working Papers No. 31, 1 February 2005
Kaitila, Ville.
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
U.K.
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Cyprus
EMU/EMS/euro
labour/labor
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
This working paper analyses conditional convergence in Europe and also tries to assess the impact that arises from integration. Using a pooled mean-group estimation method, we first analyse the conditional convergence of GDP per labour force in the area covering the 15 member states of the European Union (EU-15) in 1960-2002. Conditional convergence is well-documented for the EU-15. Higher investment, lower public consumption and lower inflation have contributed positively to GDP growth. Deeper European integration is shown to have accelerated growth when inflation is not included in the specification, but not otherwise. The evidence on the effect of integration on growth is therefore mixed. We then apply the same method to estimate the growth of GDP per labour force in the new EU member states – the eight Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) – for the period 1993-2002. These countries are shown to have converged conditionally towards the average level of GDP per labour force in the EU-15. Higher investment and lower public consumption have also supported growth in the CEECs.
2005-02
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6735/1/1196_31.pdf
Kaitila, Ville. (2005) Integration and Conditional Convergence in the Enlarged EU Area. CEPS ENEPRI Working Papers No. 31, 1 February 2005. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/6735/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:6963
2011-02-15T22:45:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6C6F626279696E67696E746572657374726570726573656E746174696F6E
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Nourishing European Interest Groups: The Delors Commission and Labour"
Martin, Andrew
Ross, George.
lobbying/interest representation
labour/labor
European Commission
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
Not available.
1995
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/6963/1/martin_andrew.pdf
Martin, Andrew and Ross, George. (1995) "Nourishing European Interest Groups: The Delors Commission and Labour". In: UNSPECIFIED, Charleston, South Carolina. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/6963/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7025
2011-02-15T22:45:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The Europeanization of Labor: Structure Before Action"
Turner, Lowell.
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
labour/labor
It is commonplace to assert that social movements give rise to new structures of representation, which may consolidate some of the gains made and then live on after the movements subside. In the worst case, such structures may finally become lifeless, distant from the rank and file, unrepresentative, overly bureaucratic, and even repressive themselves. There is, however, an alternative possibility: that new structures may offer channels within which movements of popular protest can take shape, to grow, expand, and make concrete gains. This paper considers the possibility that such phenomena could take place crossnationally in Europe in the years ahead, with particular reference to the European Trade Union Council and the creation of Euro-Works Councils. The paper concludes that these nascent structures may well play an important role in the future of the European labor movement.
1995
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7025/1/turner_lowell.pdf
Turner, Lowell. (1995) "The Europeanization of Labor: Structure Before Action". In: UNSPECIFIED, Charleston, SC. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/7025/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7149
2011-02-15T22:46:37Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303038
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D696E647573747269616C6C61626F757272656C6174696F6E73
7375626A656374733D46:46303033
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Towards a European IR-System? The Implications of the Maastricht Treaty for Danish Industrial Relations"
Jensen, Carsten Stroby
Madsen, Jorgen Steen
Due, Jesper.
Denmark
general
industrial/labour relations
labour/labor
Maastricht Treaty
[From the Introduction]. As suggested above, the integration logic evident in the pattern of European cooperation has apparently lost its potency following the agreement on the Maastricht treaty reached at government level at the end of 1991. The question is whether it has now become necessary to reassess the thrust and significance of national institutional structures in line with predictions of a federal Europe? This is the question that Streeck poses with regard to the development and nature of industrial relations in Europe. Our paper addresses this question, taking the Danish industrial relations system as the point of departure. Firstly, we shall briefly outline the key elements in what we refer to as the Danish Model of industrial relations. Secondly, we shall report the main viewpoints influencing the actors on the Danish labour market, determining their positions on cooperation on the ECs social and labour market policy. The attitudes of the actors to what Streeck terms "upward delegation" and the background forming these attitudes will constitute the core of the analysis. In a Danish context, the actors' willingness to support EC integration in the area of social and labour market policy has also been shaped by consideration of the possibilities of achieving what Streeck refers to as "horizontal interdependence" between the various European IR-systems. The paper also treats some aspects of this phenomenon. The third section of the analysis concentrates on the problems for the Danish Model which may derive from co-operation on the ECs social and labour market policy. It will include consideration of how these problems influence the willingness of the actors to accept the creation of a European industrial relations system. This part of the analysis thus focuses on the consequences of what Streeck terms "downward intervention". Fourthly - and finally - we shall review the aggregate contribution of the Danish IR-system to the creation of a European IR-system in line with the provisions of the Maastricht agreement.
1993
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7149/1/002384_1.PDF
Jensen, Carsten Stroby and Madsen, Jorgen Steen and Due, Jesper. (1993) "Towards a European IR-System? The Implications of the Maastricht Treaty for Danish Industrial Relations". In: UNSPECIFIED, Washington, DC. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/7149/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7235
2011-02-15T22:47:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031727270
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"A Regulatory Conundrum: Building a Regime for EC Social and Labour Market Policy"
Rhodes, Martin.
general
labour/labor
regulations/regulatory policies
[From the Introduction]. The aim of this paper is to discuss the attempted construction of a regulatory regime for European social and labour market policy. While it is clear that the concept of a European welfare state with harmonised social security structures to which Brittan alludes is infeasible - not least because the European Community lacks the resources required engage in largescale redistributive policies - as Giandomenico Majone has pointed out, this does not prevent it from undertaking ambitious programmes of social (and economic) regulation for the political and administrative costs of most regulatory programmes are borne by the regulated (firms and individuals) rather than the regulator. (4) But this begs the question of how that regulatory structure is to be built. What are the political and practical limits to the creation of a pan-European policy regime in this area? How effective can a structure of regulation or governance in this sector be given (a) the diversity of historical, legal and institutional traditions among the EC 12 and (b) the infinite scope for discord over two key regulatory issues: the desirability of new regulation in labour markets at either the national or supranational level and the acceptability of the assumption of Community competence in this domain, with all that implies for the hallowed if notoriously imprecise notion of 'subsidiarity'?
1993
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7235/1/002485_1.pdf
Rhodes, Martin. (1993) "A Regulatory Conundrum: Building a Regime for EC Social and Labour Market Policy". In: UNSPECIFIED, Washington, DC. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/7235/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7304
2011-02-15T22:47:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D46:46303136
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D656D706C6F796D656E74756E656D706C6F796D656E74
7375626A656374733D46:46303033
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"Moveable Feast: Modeling Social Dumping"
Aspinwall, Mark.
Denmark
Germany
Norway
employment/unemployment
labour/labor
This paper examines social policy autonomy in the light of increasing fluidity of trade and investment and suggests that Cohen's Unholy Trinity model of reduced national monetary policy autonomy may be applied to social policy (narrowly defined to include labor market and other employment-related policies) as well. The presence of free trade and foreign direct investment mean that national autonomy on social policy is curtailed by forum-shopping under certain circumstances. A case study of the experience of shipping investment and policy autonomy in three countries -- Norway, Denmark, and Germany -- is used to test the model.
1995
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7304/1/002975_1.pdf
Aspinwall, Mark. (1995) "Moveable Feast: Modeling Social Dumping". In: UNSPECIFIED, Charleston, South Carolina. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/7304/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7374
2012-04-06T16:07:22Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D656D706C6F796D656E74756E656D706C6F796D656E74
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Getting Europe to Work: The Role of Flexibility in Tapping the Unused Potential in European Labour Markets. CEPS Working Document, No. 250, 13 September 2006
Turmann, Anna.
labour/labor
employment/unemployment
The Lisbon strategy of 2000 sets the ambitious goal (among others) of achieving an employment rate of 70% overall, 60% for women and 50% for older workers within the EU-15 by 2010. Five years later, labour market participation has increased somewhat (overall from 62.5% in 1999 to 64.3% in 2003), but remains disappointingly low in the EU-15 (and even lower for the EU-25). This study considers the problems related to the flexibility (and thus efficiency) of labour markets in Europe, which leave too many outside the job market and fail to match the unemployed with job opportunities. Key questions that arise are how flexibility can be increased and how private-sector actors can contribute to improving the performance of labour markets. Thus, the study researches the development of labour market participation across the EU according to different types of occupations, along with age, gender and skill groups, giving special attention to the characteristics of the jobs held by ‘marginal groups’ at the edge of mainstream employment. It examines the issues surrounding the mismatch between unemployed persons and unfilled jobs, the different approaches of member states in responding to market fluctuations and the contribution of the private sector to re-integrating long-term unemployed persons on the basis of a case study.
2006-09
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7374/2/7374.pdf
Turmann, Anna. (2006) Getting Europe to Work: The Role of Flexibility in Tapping the Unused Potential in European Labour Markets. CEPS Working Document, No. 250, 13 September 2006. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/7374/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7380
2012-04-06T16:12:46Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:676C6F62616C69736174696F6E676C6F62616C697A6174696F6E
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Building a Common Policy on Labour Immigration: Towards a Comprehensive and Global Approach in the EU? CEPS Working Document, No. 256, 7 February 2007
Carrera, Sergio.
immigration policy
labour/labor
globalisation/globalization
This paper addresses the building of a common EU policy on labour immigration. It reviews the latest policy developments concerning the harmonisation of the rules for admission and residence of third-country workers in the EU. In November 2006, the European Commission published a Communication entitled “Global Approach to Migration one year on: Towards a Comprehensive European Migration Policy”, which reemphasises the need to develop a transnational policy on regular immigration facilitating the admission of certain categories of immigrant workers through “a needsbased approach” and especially taking into account the case of the “highly skilled”. By September 2007 the Commission intends to present two proposals for directives dealing respectively with the conditions for entry and residence of highly skilled workers and a common general framework of rights for all immigrants in legal employment. The main questions evoked by the EU’s ‘global and comprehensive’ approach and these two proposals are considered along with the essential weaknesses that current policy and legal trends in the national arena may pose to any eventual Europeanisation as a result of following their patterns too closely.
2007-02
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7380/2/7380.pdf
Carrera, Sergio. (2007) Building a Common Policy on Labour Immigration: Towards a Comprehensive and Global Approach in the EU? CEPS Working Document, No. 256, 7 February 2007. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/7380/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7424
2011-02-15T22:48:03Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303239
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303035
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D696E647573747269616C6C61626F757272656C6174696F6E73
7375626A656374733D46:46303231
7375626A656374733D46:46303039
7375626A656374733D46:46303232
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273636F6D706E6174696D70
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Three Worlds of Compliance or Four? The EU15 Compared to New Member States. IHS Political Science Series Paper, No. 112, March 2007
Falkner, Gerda,
Treib, Oliver.
Slovak Republic
EU-Central and Eastern Europe
Slovenia
enlargement
industrial/labour relations
compliance/national implementation
Hungary
labour/labor
Czech Republic
Starting from the findings of an earlier compliance study covering the fifteen ‘old’ member states of the European Union, which identified three ‘worlds of compliance’, this paper seeks to establish whether or not the new member states from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) represent a separate world of compliance. We present empirical findings from a research project on the implementation of three EU Directives from the field of working time and equal treatment in four CEE countries. The evidence suggests that the new member states display implementation styles that are similar to a few countries in the EU15. The expectation that the new member states might behave according to their own specific logic, such as significantly decreasing their compliance efforts after accession in order to take ‘revenge’ for the strong pressure of conditionality, is not supported by our case studies. Instead, all four new member states appear to fall within a group that could be dubbed the ‘world of dead letters’. It is crucial to highlight, however, that this specific ‘world of compliance’, characterised by politicised transposition processes and systematic application and enforcement problems, also includes two countries from the EU15.
2007-03
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7424/1/pw_112.pdf
Falkner, Gerda, and Treib, Oliver. (2007) Three Worlds of Compliance or Four? The EU15 Compared to New Member States. IHS Political Science Series Paper, No. 112, March 2007. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/7424/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7462
2011-02-15T22:48:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031727270
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D696E647573747269616C6C61626F757272656C6174696F6E73
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"A Regulatory Conundrum: Industrial Relations and the 'Social Dimension'"
Rhodes, Martin.
regulations/regulatory policies
general
industrial/labour relations
labour/labor
This chapter portrays the process of regulatory policy-making in the 'social dimension' as an ongoing attempt to resolve this regulatory conundrum. It begins by considering the context from which European level of social and labour market policy has begun to emerge: the actors, competing interests, institutions, pressures and counter-pressures which have simultaneously helped and hindered the construction of the limited regulatory regime that currently constitutes the 'social dimension'. It then proceeds to consider the emergence of an embryonic system of governance in this area in terms of the three essential characteristics of a regime identified in the work of Oran Young: the substantive (the cluster of rights and rules associated with the regime), theprocedural (the forms of decision-making) and the mode of implementation.8 This will be carried out via an examination of the twin 'pillars' of the 'social dimension'. The first (the legislative pillar) which comprises substantive and procedural developments (involving EC legislative acts and treaty arrangements) will be discussed in section two. The second (the social dialogue pillar) which comprises a potentially important second instrument of governance - agreements between the so-called social partners - will be discussed in section three. Section four considers developments since the Maastricht summit of December 1991. The Treaty on European Union attempted, via its Social Protocol and Agreement, to create a new architecture of social and labour market policy-making by reforming the procedural and implementation components of the nascent regime: firstly by eliminating the single Member State veto on a wide range of policy areas; secondly by bridging the legislative and social dialogue pillars to allow for decision-making and implementation via 'collective agreement'; and thirdly, by enhancing the powers of the European Court of Justice to penalise Member State failure to implement directives.
1995
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7462/1/31735055263044.pdf
Rhodes, Martin. (1995) "A Regulatory Conundrum: Industrial Relations and the 'Social Dimension'". In: UNSPECIFIED, Charleston, South Carolina. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/7462/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7587
2011-02-15T22:49:04Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65666167656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
“The Impact of Housing Market Institutions on Labour Mobility: A European Cross-Country Comparison.” ENEPRI Working Paper No. 54, July 2007
de Graaff, Thomas,
van Leuvensteijn, Michiel.
labour/labor
general
This paper examines the effects of housing market institutions on labour mobility. The authors construct durations for individuals leaving their current job for a different job, becoming unemployed or leaving the labour market, from a sample of households from 14 European countries in 1994-2001. This data are then merged with country-specific housing market institutions, such as transaction taxes, and language and religion diversity. Similar to previous studies, estimated hazards indicate that home-ownership reduces job-to-job mobility as well as the probability to become unemployed or economically inactive on an individual level. However, a comparison between countries reveals that countries with high levels of home-ownership rates also have high levels of unemployment. Therefore, this paper is able to reconcile the seemingly contrasting empirical results from both the macroeconomic and the microeconomic level.
2007-07
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7587/1/Wp54.pdf
de Graaff, Thomas, and van Leuvensteijn, Michiel. (2007) “The Impact of Housing Market Institutions on Labour Mobility: A European Cross-Country Comparison.” ENEPRI Working Paper No. 54, July 2007. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/7587/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7711
2011-02-15T22:49:41Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303338
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303431
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303139
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303330
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Labor Productivity, Infrastructure Endowment, and Regional Spillovers in the European Union
Bouvet, Florence.
labour/labor
telecommunication policy
regional policy/structural funds
transport policy
energy policy (Including international arena)
This paper assesses whether disparities in regional public infrastructure endowments can explain regional disparities in labor productivity among European regions. Using a large sample of European regions, I distinguish the effects of overall infrastructure endowment from the effect of three categories of public infrastructure (transport network, energy provision and telecommunication network). When I control for a time trend and regional-specific effects, only the overall infrastructure endowment and telecommunication network boost regional labor productivity. I find evidence of spatial autocorrelation in labor productivity for contiguous regions and regions with identical levels of income per capita. When I control for spatial dependence, only the overall infrastructure index maintains its positive effect on regional productivity. The statistical results do not provide evidence of quantitatively important productivity spillovers.
2007
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7711/1/bouvet%2Df%2D01e.pdf
Bouvet, Florence. (2007) Labor Productivity, Infrastructure Endowment, and Regional Spillovers in the European Union. In: UNSPECIFIED, Montreal, Canada. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/7711/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7784
2011-02-15T22:50:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666706F6C69746963616C70617274696573
7375626A656374733D41:41303239
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:706166664575726F7065616E656C656374696F6E73
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
"The Varieties of High-Skilled Immigration Policies: Sectoral Coalitions and Outcomes in Advanced Industrial Countries"
Cerna, Lucie.
immigration policy
European elections/voting behavior
political parties
integration theory (see also researching and writing the EU in this section)
labour/labor
The paper presents a comparative political economy theoretical framework of high-skilled immigration (HSI thereafter) policies in advanced industrial countries and seeks to explain differences in countries’ policies in terms of HSI openness. I take from the traditional partisanship approach that political parties will pursue policies consistent with the preferences of their major constituencies. However, I divide labour and capital into high- and low-skilled sectors. I argue that, despite converging policy goals for more open HSI in order to fill labour market shortages, divergence between countries’ HSI policies continues. No consistent HSI position of left and right parties exists cross-nationally because different coalitions between sectors of high-skilled labour, low-skilled labour and capital take place. I analyze more open or restrictive HSI outcomes by portraying actors’ preferences that are aggregated in coalitions and intermediated by institutional constraints (such as labour market organization and electoral system) across advanced industrial countries.
2007
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7784/1/cerna%2Dl%2D11i.pdf
Cerna, Lucie. (2007) "The Varieties of High-Skilled Immigration Policies: Sectoral Coalitions and Outcomes in Advanced Industrial Countries". In: UNSPECIFIED, Montreal, Canada. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/7784/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:7976
2011-02-15T22:51:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6C6F626279696E67696E746572657374726570726573656E746174696F6E
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D756E696F6E73
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Employers, Trade Unions and Labor Migration Policies: Examining the Role of Non-State Actors
Menz, Georg.
U.K.
lobbying/interest representation
immigration policy
labour/labor
unions
France
Germany
[From the introduction]. European governments have re-discovered labour migration. The Italians have devised quota systems for the Mediterranean neighbours, the Irish government recruits nurses, Germany’s so-called “green card” initiative was aimed at attracting highly skilled employees in the information technology sector, while in Britain a points-based migration scheme will be introduced that is clearly inspired by similar schemes in classic countries of immigration. Even the French government, long ideologically opposed to actively managed migration, is facilitating procedures for the recruitment of highly skilled foreigners. Labour market shortages and advocacy from employer associations is sparking a remarkable renaissance of labour migration schemes. Trade unions notably support such calls for regulated or carefully “managed” migration, preferring it to unregulated labour flows feeding into black market economies. But “managed migration”, the watchword of new regulatory policy, is also associated with a more restrictive stance towards unsolicited channels of immigration, especially political asylum, and second order categories, including prominently family reunion. European migration policies are indeed “in flux” (Boswell 2003). But who drives these changes? How can we account for the “gap” (Hansen 2002) between restrictionist rhetoric and slightly more permissive practice? In this paper, I argue that the formation of labor migration policy, a core component of the new paradigm of managed migration, is shaped by the actions and positions of non-state actors, principally labor market interest associations such as trade unions and employer associations. The role of such interest groups has not attracted major scholarly interest1, perhaps owing to a somewhat state-centric bias in the literature on comparative European migration politics. It is argued that labor market interest associations’ positions reflect the national productive systems they are embedded in, operationalized in terms of the relative size of component sector of the economy, a low skill vs. high skill strategy (Hall and Soskice 2001), observed labor market shortages and reliance on the undocumented labor market. Informed by the comparative political economy literature it is argued that such production systems will influence employers and unions in the nature, skill level, training and magnitude of labor migration they will advocate. Thus, in high-wage high-skill countries such as Germany particular emphasis is placed on highly skilled labor migrants, while employers in Ireland and the UK will seek to recruit migrants at both ends of the skill curve. Liberal market economies (LMEs) commonly possess significantly sized low-wage low-skill sectors, which require labor demand, and will influence employer positions accordingly. Henceforth, different models of capitalism condition the demands employers and unions will make with respect to labor migration policies.
2007
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/7976/1/menz%2Dg%2D03c.pdf
Menz, Georg. (2007) Employers, Trade Unions and Labor Migration Policies: Examining the Role of Non-State Actors. In: UNSPECIFIED, Montreal, Canada. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/7976/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:8022
2011-02-15T22:51:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C6166666169727362706561
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:6575726F7065616E69736174696F6E6575726F7065616E697A6174696F6E6E6174696F6E616C6964656E74697479
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:676C6F62616C69736174696F6E676C6F62616C697A6174696F6E
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
Changes in Comparative Political Economy: Taking Labor Out, Bringing the State Back In, Putting the Firm Front and Center
Schmidt, Vivien A.
europeanisation/europeanization & European identity
labour/labor
globalisation/globalization
business/private economic activity
Much has changed in comparative political economy in Europe over the past thirty years, both in terms of the political economic realities and the scholarly explanations of those realities. National economic policies and policymaking have undergone major transformations, largely in response to the pressures of globalization and Europeanization. Such transformations have entailed significant alterations in the role of the state, the importance of business, and the power of labor. In light of these changes in the political economic realities, political economists have shifted their focus over time, first taking labor out of the equation, then bringing the state back in only to devalue it in light of globalization and Europeanization before putting the firm front and center. Only recently has the state been brought back in yet again while labor has made a comeback.
2007
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/8022/1/schmidt%2Dv%2D12a.pdf
Schmidt, Vivien A. (2007) Changes in Comparative Political Economy: Taking Labor Out, Bringing the State Back In, Putting the Firm Front and Center. In: UNSPECIFIED, Montreal, Canada. (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/8022/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:8105
2011-02-15T22:52:08Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303039
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303230
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
NAFTA and the European Referent: Labor Mobility in European and North American Regional Integration. Jean Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series, Vol. 3 No.1, June 2003
Miller, Mark J.
Stefanova, Boyka.
EU-US
labour/labor
regionalism, international
The election of Vicente Fox in Mexico and of George W. Bush in the United States led to a short-lived bilateral “honeymoon” in 2001 that waned prior to the terrorist attacks of September 11, not after them. One aspect of the honeymoon period involved recurrent allusions to a European referent for NAFTA in US and Mexican press coverage of a possible immigration policy initiative. In several declarations, most notably President Fox’s speech at the Ottawa summit of the NAFTA partners in 2001, he spoke of his vision of a border-free North America where workers enjoyed freedom of movement. The seeming European referent for NAFTA, then, was freedom of movement within the European space guaranteed European citizens under Articles 48 and 49 of the Treaty of Rome. If President Fox and other advocates of a US-Mexico immigration policy initiative actually espouse an Article 48-like freedom of labor mobility within NAFTA, they would appear to be overlooking fundamental differences between regional integration in North America and Europe. We suggest that the Turkish-EU and Moroccan-EU relationships constitute a more appropriate European referent for NAFTA than Article 48. Turkish and Moroccan bids for membership in the EC and EU failed for many reasons, but above all because of the prospect for large-scale emigration by Turks or Moroccans to other member-states long after the end of a transition period.
2003-06
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/8105/1/millerfinal.pdf
Miller, Mark J. and Stefanova, Boyka. (2003) NAFTA and the European Referent: Labor Mobility in European and North American Regional Integration. Jean Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series, Vol. 3 No.1, June 2003. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/8105/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:8327
2011-02-15T22:53:23Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:676C6F62616C69736174696F6E676C6F62616C697A6174696F6E
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D656D706C6F796D656E74756E656D706C6F796D656E74
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
A Better Globablisation Fund. Bruegel policy brief 2007/01, February 2007
Wasmer, Etienne
von Weizsacker, Jakob
labour/labor
globalisation/globalization
employment/unemployment
Summary. The recently adopted European Globalisation Adjustment Fund (EGF) is an EU response to the challenge of globalisation. It is to spend up to €500m annually supporting active labour market policies in Member States targeting workers affected by trade-induced (mass) layoffs. In principle, this EU effort to help trade-displaced workers makes sense since trade policy is also decided at EU level. In practice, EGF rules leave too much room for discretionary decisions, exposing it to political posturing and lobbying. During its critical first few years, sound precedents must be established, eligibility rules should be strengthened, and rigorous evaluation should be built into the programme. Otherwise, the EGF may come to be regarded as a political gimmick instead of a useful European response to globalisation.
2007-02
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/8327/1/PB200701_GlobalisationFund.pdf
Wasmer, Etienne and von Weizsacker, Jakob (2007) A Better Globablisation Fund. Bruegel policy brief 2007/01, February 2007. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/8327/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:8392
2018-02-12T21:01:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:676C6F62616C69736174696F6E676C6F62616C697A6174696F6E
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D656D706C6F796D656E74756E656D706C6F796D656E74
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
Le fonds Europeen d'ajustement a la mondialization: pour quoi faire? = European Funds adjusted due to globalization: what should be done? Bruegel Third-Party Papers, August 2007
Wasmer, Etienne
von Weizsacker, Jakob.
employment/unemployment
labour/labor
globalisation/globalization
Jakob von Weizsäcker and Etienne Wasmer argue that the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund should focus its expenditures on wage insurance and mobility allowances for trade displaced workers.
2007-08
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/8392/1/JvW_OFCE.pdf
Wasmer, Etienne and von Weizsacker, Jakob. (2007) Le fonds Europeen d'ajustement a la mondialization: pour quoi faire? = European Funds adjusted due to globalization: what should be done? Bruegel Third-Party Papers, August 2007. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/8392/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9001
2011-02-15T22:58:17Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4E6F7264696361726561
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
The Negotiated Nordic Labor Markets: From Bust to Boom. CES Working Paper No. 162, 2008
Dolvik, Jon Erik.
Nordic area
labour/labor
This paper provides an overview of the negotiated Nordic labor market regimes and their vari-ous paths of adjustment from bust to boom in recent decades. Developed in small, open economies, the Nordic labor regimes are often associated with strong centralized agreements and asso-ciations, high union density, and extensive worker representation, which have been embedded in social models based on close interaction between working life policies, the welfare state and macroeconomic policies. In leaner forms these features have undoubtedly contributed to the high Nordic levels of mobility, equality and employment in recent years (“flexicurity”), but an often overlooked part of the story is the increased scope for product market competition and the supply-side reforms undertaken in the Nordic countries since the crises in the 1980-90s. Another distinction of the revitalized Nordic models is the growing importance of management-union negotiations and dialogue at the company level. A key argument in this paper is thus that the capacity for negotiated flexibility and adjustment in Nordic labor markets has been critically reli-ant on the multilevel, single-channel pattern of articulation between centralized coordination and decentralized negotiations linking restructuring, training, productivity and pay issues.
2008
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9001/1/CES_162.pdf
Dolvik, Jon Erik. (2008) The Negotiated Nordic Labor Markets: From Bust to Boom. CES Working Paper No. 162, 2008. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/9001/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9002
2011-02-15T22:58:17Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303133
7375626A656374733D46:46303034
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D46:46303137
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303231
7375626A656374733D46:46303132
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Mobility of Labor and Services across the Baltic Sea after EU Enlargement: Trends and Consequences. CES Working Paper No. 161, 2008
Dolvik, Jon Erik.
immigration policy
labour/labor
Latvia
Estonia
Lithuania
EU-Baltics
Poland
The enlargement of the EU/EEA area on 1 May 2004 to comprise 28 countries – including eight Central and Eastern European countries, in 2007 followed by Bulgaria and Romania – was a milestone. The subsequent opening of the markets for labor and services between countries with gaps in wages and living conditions comparable to those along the U.S./Mexican border has no modern precedent, prompting new patterns of competition, migration and adjustment in national labor market regimes. This paper reviews developments in labor migration after enlargement and the implications for the labor markets in the Baltic states and Poland, which have accounted for a predominant share of the intra-EU/EEA migration flows since 2004. Besides the UK and Ireland, where almost one million EU8 citizens had registered in 2007, the booming Nordic economies have become important destinations, having granted more than 250,000 permits and seen sizeable additional flows of service providers and self-employed from the Baltic states and Poland. In the sending countries, rising demand for labor has, alongside strong outmigration – especially among young and well-educated groups – engendered falling unemployment, soaring wage growth, and made shortages of skills and labor an obstacle to further economic recovery. Yet, while better paid temporary work abroad may weaken the incentives for employment, mobility and training in the home country, aging will lead to shrinking working-age populations in the coming years. Unless the Baltic states and Poland can entice a larger share of the population to work in their home countries – and/or can attract substantial labor migration from third countries – the declining work force may easily entail economic stagnation and reinforce the outflow of human resources. These countries are thereby facing a critical juncture in their economic and social development. In the recipient Nordic countries, the growing labor and service mobility, low cost production, and competition for labor in Europe, as well as emerging lines of division in the labor markets, have, on the other hand, raised new questions as to how the principles of free movement and the egalitarian Nordic models can be made reconcilable in the open European markets.
2008
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9002/1/CES_161.pdf
Dolvik, Jon Erik. (2008) Mobility of Labor and Services across the Baltic Sea after EU Enlargement: Trends and Consequences. CES Working Paper No. 161, 2008. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/9002/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9133
2011-02-15T22:59:07Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D656D706C6F796D656E74756E656D706C6F796D656E74
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Labor Market Institutions and Unemployment: A Critical Assessment of the Cross-Country Evidence, CES Working Paper, no. 98, 2003
Baker, Dean,
Glyn, Andrew,
Howell, David,
Schmitt, John.
employment/unemployment
labour/labor
In the last twenty five years, there has been a sharp divergence in trends in the unemployment rate among OECD countries, with some seeing much larger increases in unemployment than others. This divergence is usually explained by institutions that lead to labor market inflexibility – generous unemployment benefits, employment protections, and strong unions – in countries with high unemployment rates. This paper examines the evidence for this view. It shows that there is no simple bivariate relationship between standard measures of labor market institutions and unemployment rates across countries. It then critically examines several of the most often cited studies that support the labor market inflexibility view. It finds that these studies present relatively weak and to some extent contradictory support for the labor market inflexibility view. Finally, the paper presents the results of a set of tests designed to replicate some of the earlier multivariate analyses with more current data. These tests consistently fail to find robust evidence to support the labor market inflexibility view.
2003
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9133/1/Baker.pdf
Baker, Dean, and Glyn, Andrew, and Howell, David, and Schmitt, John. (2003) Labor Market Institutions and Unemployment: A Critical Assessment of the Cross-Country Evidence, CES Working Paper, no. 98, 2003. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/9133/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9137
2011-02-15T22:59:08Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:656661454D55454D536575726F
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D46:46303138
7375626A656374733D46:46303233
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D656D706C6F796D656E74756E656D706C6F796D656E74
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
The Role of the State in the Labour Market: Its Impact on Employment and Wages In Portugal as Compared with Spain. CES Working Paper, no. 90, 2003
Da Silva Lopes, Jose.
employment/unemployment
Spain
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
Portugal
labour/labor
EMU/EMS/euro
The role of the State in the economy and in the social arena was deeply transformed in the second half of the 1970s, on account of the change of the political regime. The integration into the European Union since 1985 has brought new radical changes in that role. The paper describes the most important of those changes, putting a special emphasis on social policies and on the labour market, and on the challenges that have to be faced because of European Monetary Union.
2003
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9137/1/DaSilvabis.pdf
Da Silva Lopes, Jose. (2003) The Role of the State in the Labour Market: Its Impact on Employment and Wages In Portugal as Compared with Spain. CES Working Paper, no. 90, 2003. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/9137/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9275
2011-02-15T23:00:03Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303035
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D696E647573747269616C6C61626F757272656C6174696F6E73
7375626A656374733D46:46303231
7375626A656374733D46:46303039
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Capital, Labor, and the Prospects of the European Social Model in the East. CES Central & Eastern Europe Working Paper, no. 58, 2004
Bohle, Dorothee,
Greskovits, Bela.
labour/labor
Slovak Republic
EU-Central and Eastern Europe
general
industrial/labour relations
Hungary
During the past decade of European economic integration vastly worse standards have emerged in work conditions, industrial relations, and social welfare in Eastern Europe than in the West. Area scholars explain this divide by labor weakness caused by the ideological legacy of communism, and do not problematize the impact of transnational capital. In contrast, this essay argues that the reason why the European social model has not traveled to the East is that its socio-economic foundations, the industrial building blocks of the historical compromise between capital and labor, have not traveled either. In the West, the compromise had been rooted in capital-intensive consumer durables industries, such as car-manufacturing, and their suppliers. These sectors brought together organized and vocal labor with businesses willing to accommodate workers’ demands, because for them labor had been less a problem as a cost-factor and more important as factor of demand. However, the main driving force of the eastward expansion of European capital has been the relocation of labor-intensive activities where business relies on sweating masses of workers, whose importance as consumers is marginal, and who are weak in the workplace and the marketplace. With this general conceptualization of how the emerging new European division of labor constrains the social aspects of East European market societies as a background, the essay studies the cases of Hungarian electronics and Slovak car industries in order to better understand how particular features of various leading sectors mediate the general pattern.
2004
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9275/1/Bohle.pdf
Bohle, Dorothee, and Greskovits, Bela. (2004) Capital, Labor, and the Prospects of the European Social Model in the East. CES Central & Eastern Europe Working Paper, no. 58, 2004. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/9275/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9277
2011-02-15T23:00:03Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303035
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303231
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Explaining Labor Quiescence in Post-Communist Europe: Historical Legacies and Comparative Perspective, CES Central & Eastern Europe Working Papers, no. 55, 2002
Cowley, Stephen.
labour/labor
EU-Central and Eastern Europe
EU-Baltics
Studies on the changing labor relations in post-communist countries have flourished in recent years, such that a review and analysis of what has been reported is overdue. Yet, interestingly, these studies have not reached a consensus on what they seek to explain. Indeed, some of the main questions remain under contention. First, is labor in post-communist societies weak, or (in at least some countries) strong? What should the referent be in determining strength or weakness? To the extent labor is weak, what would explain this weakness? If labor's power varies throughout the region, what would explain this variation? There have been a number of answers posed to these questions to date, but not a thorough testing of rival hypotheses. This paper will demonstrate, using a variety of measures, that labor is indeed a weak social and political actor in post-communist societies, especially when compared to labor in western Europe. This general weakness is rather surprising when one examines it against the now considerable economic and political diversity that exists in the post-communist world. The paper will then examine a number of hypotheses that have been proposed to explain labor's weakness, concluding that the institutional legacies of post-communist trade unions, and the ideological legacy of the discourse of class, best explain this overall weakness. However, the concept of legacy is itself found wanting, since it is unable to account for the extent of this weakness or the trends that have occurred in the region over time.
2002
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9277/1/crowley.pdf
Cowley, Stephen. (2002) Explaining Labor Quiescence in Post-Communist Europe: Historical Legacies and Comparative Perspective, CES Central & Eastern Europe Working Papers, no. 55, 2002. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/9277/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9278
2011-02-15T23:00:04Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033303032
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C6166666169727362706561
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
East-West Integration and the Changing German Production Regime: A Firm-Centered Approach. CES Central & East Europe Working Papers, no. 53, 2000
Innes, Abby.
labour/labor
enlargement
Germany
business/private economic activity
With the opening of Central Eastern Europe German firms have gained access to low labor costs in close geographical proximity. Intense debate about the impact this has had on the "German model" of capitalism has ensued. This paper argues that, in fact, production shifts are taking place in which cost-cutting motives are an important guideline. German firms, however, hesitate to aggressively utilize this new option in their internal domestic labor policy. Rather, firms tend to avoid confrontations with their employees on "job exports". The necessity of collaboration on both sides of the border, the relative strength of workers in the domestic high-quality production system, and the constraints of industrial relations provide explanations for the moderate behavior. So far, the outcome of the bargained reorganization is that firms gain more labor flexibility, performance-related differentiation, and labor-cost rationalization without challenging the institutionalized long-term employment commitments for their core workforce.
2000
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9278/1/Bluhm53.pdf
Innes, Abby. (2000) East-West Integration and the Changing German Production Regime: A Firm-Centered Approach. CES Central & East Europe Working Papers, no. 53, 2000. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/9278/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9284
2015-08-05T19:46:07Z
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9445
2012-04-06T17:48:27Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303133
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737077656C666172657374617465
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E646572706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D46:46303137
7375626A656374733D46:46303132
74797065733D6F74686572
Equality of Retirement Benefits Received by Men and Women in Selected European Countries: Childbearing and Future Benefits. ENEPRI Research Reports No. 56, 2 June 2008
Kotowska, Irene E
Stachura, Joanne
Strzelecki, Pawel.
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
welfare state
Germany
Poland
labour/labor
gender policy/equal opportunity
This research report seeks to answer the question of whether old-age benefit rules for women could be altered with the aim not only of ensuring better benefits for older women but also of stimulating fertility. To address this question, a micro-simulation model has been developed. The input data for the model has been drawn from labour force survey data on employment patterns by age, gender, education, numbers of children, variations in the timing of caring for children and wage profiles for five countries: Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Germany. Future retirement benefits are simulated under three variants: variant I uses country-specific labour market data and old-age pension systems; variant II makes use of German labour market data and country-specific old-age pension systems; and finally, variant III refers to country-specific labour market data and the Polish defined-contribution system. Each simulation variant entails four scenarios, which refer to the number of children and the timing of childcare. The simulations show that the effects of differences in old-age systems for retirement benefits are relatively small and that what really matters is the labour market structure, which reflects the impact of children on employment patterns. Therefore, the report concludes that policies aimed at reducing the negative consequences children have on the labour market participation of mothers are recommended for increasing their old-age pensions. This approach would also help to diminish work–family tensions, which in turn could facilitate positive decisions about having children.
2008-06
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9445/2/9445.pdf
Kotowska, Irene E and Stachura, Joanne and Strzelecki, Pawel. (2008) Equality of Retirement Benefits Received by Men and Women in Selected European Countries: Childbearing and Future Benefits. ENEPRI Research Reports No. 56, 2 June 2008. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/9445/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9448
2012-04-06T17:47:22Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
74797065733D6F74686572
Differences in the Productivity Levels of Older Workers in the EU – A Cross-Country Analysis of the Age–Wage Relationship. ENEPRI Research Reports No. 49, 8 April 2008
Walewski, Mateusz.
labour/labor
As the process of population ageing in Europe carries on and the retirement age rises, the relationship between age and productivity becomes increasingly important. There is concern that as the average age of the working individual goes up, the average rate of productivity growth will go down, resulting in the decreasing competitiveness of European economies. Furthermore, it could be expected that owing to serious differences in the labour market structures between the new member states (including current candidates) and the EU-15, the former are likely to be among the first countries to experience higher than average productivity costs owing to an ageing workforce in the near future. This report examines this hypothesis. The research strategy applied in this study is based on the assumption that, in general, wages are correlated with productivity at the individual level and as such can be used as a proxy for productivity. Such an assumption is quite risky and can be easily criticised. Hence, based on the results of earlier studies, the main empirical analysis is limited to groups of workers for which it can be expected that the correlation between productivity and wages remains substantial. Bearing in mind all these caveats, the results of the analysis show that the relative productivity of older workers in the new member states is lower than it is in the EU-15.
2008-04
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9448/2/9448.pdf
Walewski, Mateusz. (2008) Differences in the Productivity Levels of Older Workers in the EU – A Cross-Country Analysis of the Age–Wage Relationship. ENEPRI Research Reports No. 49, 8 April 2008. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/9448/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9450
2012-04-06T17:45:22Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737077656C666172657374617465
74797065733D6F74686572
Retirement Decisions, Benefits and the Neutrality of Pension Systems, ENEPRI Research Reports No. 51, 8 April 2008
Gora, Marek.
labour/labor
welfare state
This study discusses the pension system as an institutional structure for intergenerational exchange. The concept of intergenerational equilibrium is introduced as a condition for pension system stability, reducing labour market distortions as well as reaching social policy goals such as giving equal value to the welfare of each generation. The changing population structure has led to diminishing control of the division of GDP between the working and retired populations. The cost imposed on the working generations poses a growing risk of poverty among them and their families. The key feature of the pension system should be its neutrality. This report presents the main dimensions of the desired neutrality, exploring macro, individual, social and psychological neutrality.
2008-04
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9450/2/9450.pdf
Gora, Marek. (2008) Retirement Decisions, Benefits and the Neutrality of Pension Systems, ENEPRI Research Reports No. 51, 8 April 2008. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/9450/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9451
2012-04-06T17:46:46Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303035
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
74797065733D6F74686572
Retirement Decisions as a Function of Socio-Economic Factors in Central and Eastern European Countries. ENEPRI Research Reports No. 52, 11 March 2008
Ruzik, Anna.
labour/labor
EU-Central and Eastern Europe
The aim of this report is to analyse the mechanisms influencing the labour supply of older workers in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries that transitioned from centrally planned to market economies in the early 1990s. Despite similar histories and economic reforms at the beginning of the 21st century, the CEE countries have different outcomes for the employment rates of older workers. This report presents general trends and then studies the labour force participation dynamics of older workers in a selected group of CEE countries. The analysis uses longitudinal data from the available 2003 and 2004 waves of labour force surveys. It turns out that older workers react similarly to certain economic incentives for retirement offered by the social security systems in the countries studied. Higher education increases the chances of (better) work and thus enables individuals to work longer. In addition, jobs in the service sector provide opportunities for later retirement. Yet there are differences among the countries in the region, some of which can be explained by labour market conditions and institutions, along with other factors not related to economic conditions.
2008-04
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9451/2/9451.pdf
Ruzik, Anna. (2008) Retirement Decisions as a Function of Socio-Economic Factors in Central and Eastern European Countries. ENEPRI Research Reports No. 52, 11 March 2008. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/9451/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9468
2012-04-06T17:35:30Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737077656C666172657374617465
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E646572706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:706166667075626C69636F70696E696F6E
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
74797065733D6F74686572
Public Opinion on Pension Systems in Europe. ENEPRI Research Reports No. 36, 5 July 2007
Janky, Bela
Gal, Robert I.
immigration policy
labour/labor
welfare state
public opinion
gender policy/equal opportunity
Various polls reveal that Europeans, even if aware of the looming pension crisis, generally resist pension reforms. In this research report, we show that resistance may be general but it is not uniform. People may oppose reforms but they reject different components of the reform proposals depending on their labour market position, income and age. We analyse the attitudes of nearly 16,000 respondents from the EU-15 countries towards the role of funded pillars, retirement age, the labour market participation of older workers, gender equality and immigration, as well as preferences towards intra- and intergenerational redistribution in the pension systems.
2007-07
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9468/2/9468.pdf
Janky, Bela and Gal, Robert I. (2007) Public Opinion on Pension Systems in Europe. ENEPRI Research Reports No. 36, 5 July 2007. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/9468/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9479
2012-04-06T17:28:59Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303337
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D656D706C6F796D656E74756E656D706C6F796D656E74
74797065733D6F74686572
Tax and Benefit Reforms in a Model of Labour Market Transitions. ENEPRI Research Reports No. 25, 9 October 2006
Myck, Michal
Reed, Howard.
tax policy
U.K.
labour/labor
employment/unemployment
This paper presents a method for taking advantage of labour market transitions to identify the effects of financial incentives on employment decisions. The framework used is very flexible and by imposing few theoretical assumptions it allows us to extend the modelled sample relative to structural models. The authors take advantage of this flexibility to include disabled persons in the model and to jointly analyse the behaviour of disabled and non-disabled persons. A great deal of attention is paid to the appropriate modelling of financial incentives in the labour market. In the case of disabled persons, taking account of financial incentives turns out to be an extremely complex process but one that in the end turns out to be well worth the effort. The model is used to compare reactions in the labour market to marginal changes in financial incentives and also to model one of the most important reforms of the UK Labour government – the introduction of the Working Families’ Tax Credit. The methodology relies on matching the transition and income data derived from cross-sectional and panel surveys, and could be used in other countries for which detailed, reliable income data are not collected in a panel format.
2006-10
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9479/2/9479.pdf
Myck, Michal and Reed, Howard. (2006) Tax and Benefit Reforms in a Model of Labour Market Transitions. ENEPRI Research Reports No. 25, 9 October 2006. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/9479/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9481
2012-04-06T17:26:23Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D656D706C6F796D656E74756E656D706C6F796D656E74
74797065733D6F74686572
The Child Penalty – A Compensating Wage Differential? ENEPRI Research Reports No. 22, 22 August 2006
Felfe, Christina
labour/labor
employment/unemployment
Germany
Many studies document that women with children tend to earn lower wages than women without children (a shortfall known as the ‘child penalty’ or ‘family gap’). Despite the existence of several hypotheses about the causes of the child penalty, much about the gap in wages remains unexplained. This study explores the premise that mothers might substitute income for advantageous, non-pecuniary job characteristics. More specifically, the hypothesis to be investigated is that if the labour market rewards working arrangements that involve disamenities, to some extent the child penalty might be a compensating wage differential for the disamenities avoided by mothers. In order to assess the impact of motherhood on the choice between pecuniary and non-pecuniary job features in Germany, data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) is used. The longitudinal nature of the data allows a comparison of working women before and after the birth of their first child. Furthermore, the GSOEP provides detailed information on personal attributes, job characteristics and job satisfaction, which enables the application of the following three steps to test the hypothesis. First, an event study is used to analyse the changes in the characteristics of a woman’s job around the birth of her first child. The features of interest are time, workload and flexibility. Second, job characteristics are included by their utility (proxied by job satisfaction) for a mother. Third, following the approach of hedonic wage regressions, these (dis)amenities are included in the wage regression in order to see whether a trade-off exists between pecuniary and non-pecuniary job characteristics. The results suggest that to some degree the child penalty can be interpreted as a compensating wage differential.
2006-08
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9481/2/9481.pdf
Felfe, Christina (2006) The Child Penalty – A Compensating Wage Differential? ENEPRI Research Reports No. 22, 22 August 2006. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/9481/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9484
2011-02-15T23:01:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D46:46303139
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D667265656D6F76656D656E74
74797065733D7072657072696E74
The Bitter Taste of Strawberry Jam: Distortions on Romanian Labour Market beyond 2007
Silasi, Grigore
Simina, Ovidiu Laurian
labour/labor
free movement/border control
Romania
The paper is a contribution at the scientific debate of migration and mobility issues in the context of an enlarged European Union (EU-27). We consider that Romania, a country with a labour market that faces distortions, will benefit from migration on short term, but will need to import labour force in order to maintain the development trend. Remittances, as result of Romanians emigration after 2002, helped the economic development of the country in the last years (remittances’ inflow doubled the FDI). As a response to the media debate regarding Romania’s emigration, we consider that the fear of mass migration from Romania following the year 2007 is not justified. While the European (and mostly British) media cries on the threat of Bulgarians and Romanians’ emigration, as following to the 2007 accession, the scientific reports say that the A8 countries’ migration benefits to economy of the EU15 countries. In the same time, the Romanian media and the Romanian entrepreneurs announce the ‘Chinese invasion’ and the lack of labour in construction, industry and even agriculture. We see labour as goods: the economic theory say that goods are moving with the prices, the highest price attracts (more) goods. Romania is not only a gateway for the East-West international migration (like Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece for the South-North direction), but a labour market in need of workers. While a big part of the labour force is already migrated, mostly to the SE Europe (some 2.5m workers are cited to be abroad, with both legal and illegal/irregular status), the Romanian companies could not find local workers to use them in order to benefit from the money inflow targeting Romania in the light of its new membership to the European Union (foreign investments and European post accession funds). Instead of increasing the salaries, the local employers rather prefer to ‘import’ workers from poorer countries (Chinese, Moldavians, Ukrainians, who still accept a lower wage as compared to the medium wage in Romania, but bigger enough as compared to those from their country of origin). The paper concludes with the case of the Banat region, considered the ‘Western Europe’ from Romania, as a small scale model for the labour market relations within the whole EU.
2007
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9484/1/Silasi%2C_Simina_2007_%2D_Bitter_Taste_of_Strawberry_Jam.pdf
Silasi, Grigore and Simina, Ovidiu Laurian (2007) The Bitter Taste of Strawberry Jam: Distortions on Romanian Labour Market beyond 2007. [Preprint] (Unpublished)
http://aei.pitt.edu/9484/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9503
2018-02-12T21:06:46Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
Irregular and high-skilled migration – not such strange bedfellows. Bruegel Third-Party Papers, April 2008
von Weizsäcker, Jakob.
immigration policy
labour/labor
In this paper for the Think Global Act European project, Jakob von Weizsäcker dicusses which aspects of migration policy should be coordinated or harmonised and which should remain a national prerogative. He argues that European migration policy during the incoming French, Czech and Swedish trio of EU Presidencies requires a dual focus: on irregular migration and on high-skilled migration.
2008-04
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9503/1/TGAE%2Dweizsacker.pdf
von Weizsäcker, Jakob. (2008) Irregular and high-skilled migration – not such strange bedfellows. Bruegel Third-Party Papers, April 2008. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/9503/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9508
2012-04-06T17:14:00Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737077656C666172657374617465
74797065733D6F74686572
Informal Elderly Care and Women’s Labour Force Participation across Europe. ENEPRI Research Reports No. 13, 1 July 2005
Viitanen, Tarja K.
welfare state
labour/labor
This paper uses the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) to analyse the relationship between the dynamics of labour force participation and informal care to the elderly for a sample of women aged 20-59 across 13 European countries. The analysis has two focal points: the relative contributions of state dependence as well as observed and unobserved heterogeneity in explaining the dynamics in women’s labour force participation and the existence and consequences of non-random attrition from the ECHP. The results indicate positive state dependence in labour force participation in all 13 EU countries used in the analysis. The share of unobserved heterogeneity accounts for between 45% and 86% of the total variation in labour force participation. Informal care-giving is found to have a significant, negative impact on the probability of employment only in Germany. Nevertheless, analysis of different sub-groups indicates that the impact is largest for middle-aged women and also for single women in several EU countries.
2005
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9508/2/9508.pdf
Viitanen, Tarja K. (2005) Informal Elderly Care and Women’s Labour Force Participation across Europe. ENEPRI Research Reports No. 13, 1 July 2005. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/9508/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9510
2012-04-06T17:17:06Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D46:46303035
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D46:46303032
74797065733D6F74686572
Labour Force Behaviour of Men and Women in Elderly Two-Adult Households: Evidence from EU Countries. ENEPRI Research Reports No. 7, 1 April 2005
Deschryvere, Matthias
Belgium
Finland
Germany
labour/labor
This paper studies the effect of individual and spousal characteristics on the labour force participation of individuals living in elderly two-adult households. The comparative approach taken here studies men and women separately and uses the first eight waves (1994-2001) of the European Community Household Panel (ECHP). We compare results of three countries: Finland (a country with a high degree of women’s labour force participation), Belgium and Germany (countries where women’s labour force participation is relatively low). Results of multinomial logit model estimations suggest that are substantive differences between countries as well as between the behaviour of men and women across the various channels out of employment. We find evidence that a wife exerts a stronger influence on a husband’s retirement decision. One explanation for this may be found in asymmetric complementarities of leisure – a husband’s enjoyment of non-employment may depend much more on his wife also being non-employed than vice versa. There is evidence that the complementarities of leisure hypothesis dominates the hypothesis concerning the added worker (where the labour supply of one spouse increases when the other spouse’s income is reduced or disappears). These results are in line with evidence from the US and have some important implications: simulations of the effect of changes in the pension system on men’s retirement may yield incorrect answers if spillover effects are ignored.
2005-04
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9510/2/9510.pdf
Deschryvere, Matthias (2005) Labour Force Behaviour of Men and Women in Elderly Two-Adult Households: Evidence from EU Countries. ENEPRI Research Reports No. 7, 1 April 2005. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/9510/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9511
2012-04-06T17:23:36Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737077656C666172657374617465
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303436
74797065733D6F74686572
Health and Retirement Decisions: An Update of the Literature. ENEPRI Research Reports No. 6, 1 March 2006
Decshryvere, Matthias.
public health policy (including global activities)
labour/labor
welfare state
This paper surveys the relation between the labour supply and the health of the elderly, based on major studies conducted earlier and new literature. Most of the empirical literature on the topic is drawn from American data, although new European datasets have enabled analysis in several EU countries. The paper complements previous surveys in that it includes recent European results and overviews most of the latest developments in micro-modelling issues. The quest for unbiased estimates of the effect of health on retirement is characterised by several challenges. One important challenge is the endogenous character of the relationship between health and retirement. A second challenge concerns the reporting bias to which certain health measures may be prone. The empirical literature surveyed suggests that poor health reduces the capacity to work and has a substantial impact on labour force participation. The exact magnitude, however, is sensitive to both the choice of health measures and the identification assumptions. For that reason a comparison of health effects between different studies is difficult. Nevertheless, what has been proven is that the old assumption that objective health measures are superior to subjective health measures needs to be applied with caution.
2006-03
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9511/2/9511.pdf
Decshryvere, Matthias. (2006) Health and Retirement Decisions: An Update of the Literature. ENEPRI Research Reports No. 6, 1 March 2006. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/9511/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:9542
2012-04-06T15:48:28Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D667265656D6F76656D656E74
74797065733D6F74686572
A New European Agenda for Labour Mobility. CEPS Task Force Reports No. 50, 1 April 2004
Turnmann, Anna.
labour/labor
free movement/border control
Among the big issues facing the EU is the declining working-age population and the effect this decline will have on our economies, businesses and social welfare systems. One way to address this issue is to promote labour mobility throughout the EU. The CEPS-ECHR (European Club for Human Resources) Task Force – chaired by Allan Larsson, former Director-General of DG Employment and Social Affairs – presents its recommendations for a more flexible and secure labour market in this report. As a result of its research, the Task Force calls for 1) focusing the Lisbon review on the resourcing of labour markets, 2) appointing a commissioner for mobility, 3) setting up an annual monitoring process in which leading countries in mobility policies are ‘named and famed’ and 4) strengthening corporate policies for mobility through a business network. Reactions and comments are invited from all interested parties, which will be made available on both the CEPS and ECHR websites.
2004-04
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/9542/2/9542.pdf
Turnmann, Anna. (2004) A New European Agenda for Labour Mobility. CEPS Task Force Reports No. 50, 1 April 2004. UNSPECIFIED.
http://aei.pitt.edu/9542/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:10781
2011-02-23T15:12:51Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:4430303130333968756D616E726967687473
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D536368656E67656E
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:443030324575726F7065616E4E65696768626F7572686F6F64506F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737077656C666172657374617465
7375626A656374733D46:46303139
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032696E7465726E6174696F6E616C65636F6E6F6D79
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D656D706C6F796D656E74756E656D706C6F796D656E74
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:4430303268726469
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:643030314C6973626F6E6167656E6461
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D667265656D6F76656D656E74
74797065733D61727469636C65
Romania, A Country in Need of Workers? The Bitter Taste of “Strawberry Jam”
Silasi, Grigore
Simina, Ovidiu Laurian.
free movement/border control
international economy
human rights & democracy initiatives
welfare state
employment/unemployment
European Neighbourhood Policy
Lisbon StrategyAgenda/Partnership for Growth and Employment
immigration policy
labour/labor
Romania
human rights
Schengen/Prum/border control/freedom to travel
The paper is a contribution at the scientific debate of migration and mobility issues in the context of an enlarged European Union (EU-27). We consider that Romania, a country with a labour market that faces distortions, will benefit from migration on short term, but will need to import labour force in order to maintain the development trend. Remittances, as result of Romanians emigration after 2002, helped the economic development of the country in the last years (remittances’ inflow doubled the FDI). As a response to the media debate regarding Romania’s emigration, we consider that the fear of mass migration from Romania following the year 2007 is not justified. While the European (and mostly British) media cries on the threat of Bulgarians and Romanians’ emigration, as following to the 2007 accession, the scientific reports say that the A8 countries’ migration benefits to economy of the EU15 countries. In the same time, the Romanian media and the Romanian entrepreneurs announce the ‘Chinese invasion’ and the lack of labour in construction, industry and even agriculture. We see labour as goods: the economic theory say that goods are moving with the prices, the highest price attracts (more) goods. Romania is not only a gateway for the East-West international migration (like Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece for the South-North direction), but a labour market in need of workers. While a big part of the labour force is already migrated, mostly to the SE Europe (some 2.5m workers are cited to be abroad, with both legal and illegal/irregular status), the Romanian companies could not find local workers to use them in order to benefit from the money inflow targeting Romania in the light of its new membership to the European Union (foreign investments and European post accession funds). Instead of increasing the salaries, the local employers rather prefer to ‘import’ workers from poorer countries (Moldavians, Chinese, Ukrainians, who still accept a lower wage as compared to the medium wage in Romania, but bigger enough as compared to those from their countries of origin).
Editura Universitatii de Vest, Timisoara
SIMINA, Ovidiu Laurian
2007
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/10781/1/RJES_5%2D6.2007_Silasi%2DSimina.pdf
Silasi, Grigore and Simina, Ovidiu Laurian. (2007) Romania, A Country in Need of Workers? The Bitter Taste of “Strawberry Jam”. The Romanian Journal of European Studies, 5/6. pp. 179-205. ISSN 1583-199X
http://aei.pitt.edu/10781/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:10782
2012-01-26T02:17:56Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65666167656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:4430303130333968756D616E726967687473
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F7067646D706D
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D67656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D536368656E67656E
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D6173796C756D706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:443030324575726F7065616E4E65696768626F7572686F6F64506F6C696379
7375626A656374733D46:46303139
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303132
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032696E7465726E6174696F6E616C65636F6E6F6D79
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303230
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D656D706C6F796D656E74756E656D706C6F796D656E74
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:636F6E726573
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:4430303268726469
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:643030314C6973626F6E6167656E6461
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65666165636F6E6F6D6963706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D667265656D6F76656D656E74
74797065733D626F6F6B
"Special Issue on Migration". The Romanian Journal of European Studies, 5-6, 2007
free movement/border control
EU-South-Eastern Europe (Balkans)
regionalism, international
development
human rights & democracy initiatives
European Neighbourhood Policy
Lisbon StrategyAgenda/Partnership for Growth and Employment
immigration policy
Romania
asylum policy
Schengen/Prum/border control/freedom to travel
international economy
economic policy
employment/unemployment
labour/labor
general
human rights
conflict resolution/crisis management
general
decision making/policy-making
Economics, demography, war, persecution/repression and ecology are generally accepted as being the main source for international migration. If we put the mentality/culture among all this factors, as a major topic in understanding the phenomena which drive migration, the picture seems to widen. As mentioned in an earlier article quoted in my contribution for this special double-issue of The Romanian Journal of European Studies (authored in co-operation with Prof. Silaşi from the West University of Timişoara), before deciding to migrate, one must cross one ore more border(s): real but mostly ‘imagined’ or ‘imaginary’ borders. It is very important for each person to surpass his/her own mentality before to chose to put behind house, family, children, community and social life, and to move to other region, country or even continent for a better life. The mentality regarding the (decision to) migration is close related to the amount of information available and mainly of education. In the same time, migratory movements could become elements for an increasingly conflicting situation when there is a lack of integration of immigrants and migration policies, related to the lack of education regarding acceptance of immigrants (the mentality) and understanding of the migration phenomenon. In order to understand migration, one should know about it, firstly. When learned about migration, one may study it deeply, to see and understand the causes, consequences and implications, to learn how to take the risks and how to manage migration. Studying migration in Romania… It is not very simple. Because nowadays is more common to find migration related headlines in the media, than migration subjects in the university curricula. Starting with January 2002, Romanians travelled freely within the EU15 territory, without holding a visa for the Schengen Area. But migration became ‘a topic’ in Romania after the accession of the A8 countries (May 1st, 2004) only, and mainly around the moment of the country’s accession to the European Union. A decade ago and up to 2004, it was difficult to find academic information about Romania on migration, to compare the findings with those presented in the scientific literature abroad, to reveal similarities or differences from other countries in the region or within the European Union. Only a few reports, mostly commissioned by some international organisations, focused on migration from Romania to the European Union. During a conference in Helsinki in September 2002, I was very (positively) surprised by the welcoming of my empirical research about Romania as source and transit country for international migration: some participants asked me where/how to find such data about Romania, as provided in my paper. Indeed, at that time, it was quite a challenge to find reliable figures or good reports in order to prepare a scientific paper. Things changed since 2002, both at the national and the European level (nowadays, we may say that everybody is working on migration, reports on migration are released several times per year at the European level). But even now, when some Romanian universities and NGOs are interested in doing such research, I consider we still don’t have enough research on migration. More of that, the majority of studies are sociological, only a few uses economics for analyse, and don’t focus on all aspects. The most important socio-economic study on Romanian migration after 1990, and widely quoted after its release, could be Constantin et al. (2004), a research commissioned by the European Institute of Romania (a governmental funded body), but this uses data available before the biggest wave of EU enlargement, and some hypotheses may be already changed since then. We don’t have enough research on migration as a whole, migration and mobility being analysed from different points of view – social, economical, legal etc. On the other hand, I was not able to find Romanian studies on the legal aspects of migration. It seems to me that Romania still doesn’t have experts on legal issues as related to migration, asylum, mobility and freedom of establishment (and I do hope I am wrong!). By editing a second issue dedicated to migration and mobility, the Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence within the West University of Timişoara, editor of The Romanian Journal of European Studies, emphasises the need for migration and mobility research in Romania. At this time, Romanian doesn’t have ‘migration studies’ in the university curricula, migration and mobility are studies as subjects in Economics, Sociology and European Studies, among the most important area of academic research. The team of the Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence consider that Romanian university need ‘migration studies’ too. Romania should be understood as part of the European Migration Space not only as a source of labourers for the European labour market, but also as source for quality research in this matter for the European scientific arena. European Union member since 2007, Romania is part of the European area of freedom, security and justice and therefore it is interested in solving correctly all challenges incurred by the complex phenomena of migration and workers’ mobility at the European and international level. The Europe of the last few years was confronted with some major challenges: the accession of twelve new Member States, ratification of the Treaty on European Constitution, the debate on the common budged for 2007-2013, some social movement/riots with ethnic roots, the establishing of the new agenda regarding the area of security and justice, or the mobility for labour of the new Member States. Maybe one of the hottest topics was the liberalising of the accession to the European labour market for the new EU citizens from the A8 states. Together with the waves of illegal immigrants arriving continuously on the Spanish, Italian and Maltese shores, the labour mobility/migration for work of the citizens from the 8 states from the Central and Eastern Europe forced both the EU officials and the citizens from the EU15 states (the so-called ‘Old Europe’) to open the debate on the economical and mostly social consequences of labour mobility. The European Year of Workers’ Mobility 2006 has raised peoples' awareness of their rights to work in another EU country and how to exercise them, reinforced tools to help them find a job abroad, and highlighted the remaining obstacles to a genuine European job market. The collection of valuable papers on migration and mobility from issues of The Romanian Journal of European Studies No.4/2005 and No.5-6/2007, along with the colloquiums organized in Timişoara in May 2005 and May 2006, should be seen as our contribution to this important debate. The papers from this special double-issue were put together according to their scientific quality, after an anonymously peer-review selection. There are twelve papers covering migration from different points of view (unfortunately, we still do not have juridical papers). The twenty authors (and co-authors) belong to economic and social sciences, coming from sixteen universities from the Europe and the Americas. They put under debate both theoretical issues and practical results of their research. After I had the opportunity to co-organise two international colloquiums on mobility and migration (Timişoara, May 2005 and May 2006) in the framework of the Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence of the West University of Timişoara, I was honoured to accept the important challenge of editing this special double-issue of The Romanian Journal of European Studies as Guest-editor. I thank Professor Silaşi and the editorial team for their full support. I hope I managed to do a good job here, because working at this issue emphasised the sentiment that I must do all my best to continue the idea which was at the origin of the Migratie.ro project of the School of High Comparative European Studies (SISEC) of the West University of Timişoara: promoting the idea of introducing the mobility and migration studies in the academic curricula of the Romanian universities.
Editura Universitatii de Vest, Timisoara
Simina, Ovidiu Laurian
2007
Book
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/10782/1/Romanian_Journal_of_European_Studies_5%2D6.2007_FULL.pdf
Simina, Ovidiu Laurian, ed. (2007) "Special Issue on Migration". The Romanian Journal of European Studies, 5-6, 2007. Journals > West University of Timisoara, Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence > The Romanian Journal of European Studies <http://aei.pitt.edu/view/series/wuotjmecoetrjoes.html>, 5/6 . Editura Universitatii de Vest, Timisoara.
http://aei.pitt.edu/10782/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:10969
2011-02-15T23:11:45Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
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7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:6566616D6F6E6574617279706F6C696379
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Inflation dynamics with labour market matching: assessing alternative specifications. NBB Working Papers. No. 164, May 19, 2009
Christoffel, Kai
Costain, James
Walque, Gregory de
Kuester, Keith
Linzert, Tobias
Millard, Stephen
Pierrard, Olivier.
labour/labor
monetary policy
industrial/labour relations
This paper reviews recent approaches to modeling the labour market, and assesses their implications for inflation dynamics through both their effect on marginal cost and on price-setting behaviour. In a search and matching environment, we consider the following modeling setups: right-to-manage bargaining vs. efficient bargaining, wage stickiness in new and existing matches, interactions at the firm level between price and wage-setting, alternative forms of hiring frictions, search on-the-job and endogenous job separation. We find that most specifications imply too little real rigidity and, so, too volatile inflation. Models with wage stickiness and right-to-manage bargaining or with firm-specific labour emerge as the most promising candidates.
2009-05
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/10969/1/wp164En.pdf
Christoffel, Kai and Costain, James and Walque, Gregory de and Kuester, Keith and Linzert, Tobias and Millard, Stephen and Pierrard, Olivier. (2009) Inflation dynamics with labour market matching: assessing alternative specifications. NBB Working Papers. No. 164, May 19, 2009. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/10969/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:10972
2011-02-15T23:11:47Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D46:46303032
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Rigid labour compensation and flexible employment? Firm-level evidence with regard to productivity for Belgium. NBB Working Papers. No. 159, 11 March 2009
Fuss, Catherine
Wintr, Ladislav.
Belgium
labour/labor
Using firm-level data for Belgium over the period 1997-2005, we evaluate the elasticity of firms' labour and real average labour compensation to microeconomic total factor productivity (TFP). Our results may be summarised as follows. First, we find that the elasticity of average labour compensation to firm-level TFP is very low contrary to that of labour, consistent with real wage rigidity. Second, while the elasticity of average labour compensation to idiosyncratic firm-level TFP is close to zero, the elasticity with respect to aggregate sector-level TFP is high. We argue that average labour compensation adjustment mainly occur at the sector level through sectoral collective bargaining, which leaves little room for firm-level adjustment to firm-specific shocks. Third, we report evidence of a positive relationship between hours and idiosyncratic TFP, as well as aggregate TFP within the year.
2009-03
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/10972/1/wp159En.pdf
Fuss, Catherine and Wintr, Ladislav. (2009) Rigid labour compensation and flexible employment? Firm-level evidence with regard to productivity for Belgium. NBB Working Papers. No. 159, 11 March 2009. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/10972/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:10974
2011-02-15T23:11:48Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D696E647573747269616C6C61626F757272656C6174696F6E73
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Understanding sectoral differences in downward real wage rigidity: workforce composition, institutions, technology and competition. NBB Working Papers. No. 156, 19 February 2009
Caju, Philip Du
Fuss, Catherine
Wintr, Ladislav.
industrial/labour relations
labour/labor
This paper examines whether differences in wage rigidity across sectors can be explained by differences in workforce composition, competition, technology and wage-bargaining institutions. We adopt the measure of downward real wage rigidity (DRWR) developed by Dickens and Goette (2006), and rely on a large administrative matched employer-employee dataset for Belgium over the period 1990-2002. Firstly, our results indicate that DRWR is significantly higher for white-collar workers and lower for older workers and for workers with higher earnings and bonuses. Secondly, beyond labour force composition effects sectoral differences in DRWR are related to competition, firm size, technology and wage-bargaining institutions. We find that wages are more rigid in more competitive sectors, in labour-intensive sectors, and in sectors with predominant centralised wage setting at the sector level as opposed to firm-level wage agreements.
2009-02
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/10974/1/wp156En.pdf
Caju, Philip Du and Fuss, Catherine and Wintr, Ladislav. (2009) Understanding sectoral differences in downward real wage rigidity: workforce composition, institutions, technology and competition. NBB Working Papers. No. 156, 19 February 2009. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/10974/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:11032
2011-02-15T23:12:12Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D46:46303135
74797065733D61727469636C65
The Role of the State in Attracting Highly-skilled Migrants: The Case of the Netherlands
Hercog, Metka.
immigration policy
labour/labor
Netherlands
The role of the state, with regard to immigration policies in particular, is still largely seen as having an effect on international migration flows through controls and selective admittance of migrants that satisfy policy-defined targets. However, highly-skilled migrants may choose among many different locations; hence, states may need to alter their view of migration of the highly-skilled, considering the individual as the selector rather than the selected. This article acknowledges this newly emerging perspective and considers skilled migration as a supply-side problem where the role of the state is seen as one about attracting potential migrants. Different theories on determinants of migration are observed from the position of a highly-skilled individual. Following up on the overview of theories, we draw a list of qualities that are relevant for the decision-making process of a highly skilled migrant. This analysis is followed by a country-specific assessment of the Netherlands concerning its position in the competition for internationally-mobile human capital. The elements of the immigration policy and other relevant country-specific factors are observed from the perspective of incentives or disincentives to immigrate.
2008-03
Article
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/11032/1/20090130170607_SCOPE2008%2D3_3_MetkaHercog.pdf
Hercog, Metka. (2008) The Role of the State in Attracting Highly-skilled Migrants: The Case of the Netherlands. EIPAScope, 2008 (3). pp. 1-6.
http://aei.pitt.edu/11032/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:11063
2011-02-15T23:12:27Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
74797065733D61727469636C65
Demographic Changes, Immigration Policy and Development in the European Union
Kyrieri, Katerina-Marina.
immigration policy
labour/labor
general
No abstract.
2007-03
Article
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/11063/1/20080304164523_KKY_SCOPE2007%2D3_Internet%2D3.pdf
Kyrieri, Katerina-Marina. (2007) Demographic Changes, Immigration Policy and Development in the European Union. EIPAScope, 2007 (3). pp. 1-6.
http://aei.pitt.edu/11063/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:11067
2011-02-15T23:12:28Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303439
74797065733D61727469636C65
Vocational Training for All Ages: How to Improve the Competences and Skills of the European Workforce
Hessel, Roger.
labour/labor
education policy/vocational training
No abstract.
2007-03
Article
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/11067/1/20080304112629_RHE_SCOPE2007%2D3_Internet%2D7.pdf
Hessel, Roger. (2007) Vocational Training for All Ages: How to Improve the Competences and Skills of the European Workforce. EIPAScope, 2007 (3). pp. 1-6.
http://aei.pitt.edu/11067/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:11496
2016-01-30T17:24:21Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666676F7665726E616E6365
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7375626A656374733D44:44303032:443030324575726F7065616E4E65696768626F7572686F6F64506F6C696379
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7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032303132
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:44303032696E7465726E6174696F6E616C65636F6E6F6D79
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303130
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65666153696E676C654D61726B6574:65666153696E676C654D61726B65746361706974616C676F6F64737365727669636573
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:6566616D6F6E6574617279706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303139
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
Memos to the new Commission- Europe's economic priorities 2010-2015. Bruegel Blueprint Series No. (10?), 27 August 2009
Darvas, Zsolt
Pisani-Ferry, Jean
Röller, Lars-Hendrik
Santos, Indhira
Sapir, André
van Pottelsberghe, Bruno
Véron, Nicholas
Veugelers, Reinhilde
von Hagen, Jürgen
von Weizsäcker, Jakob.
governance: EU & national level
international economy
rtd (RTD) policy/European Research Area
development
enlargement
energy policy (Including international arena)
European Neighbourhood Policy
budgets & financing
labour/labor
capital, goods, services, workers
monetary policy
competition policy
environmental policy (including international arena)
These Memos, addressed to the next Commission President and to the new European commissioners, are written by Bruegel Scholars and edited by Senior Research Fellow André Sapir and focus on key economic aspects of EU policy-making. The new Commission will enter office at a challenging time for Europe, the EU and the Commission itself. The crisis has clearly exposed weaknesses in EU governance which need to be addressed and the memos make a number of concrete recommendations of relevance for major economic fields, as well as for the EU and Commission as a whole. Addressing the next Commission President, André Sapir and Jean Pisani-Ferry propose that effective leadership will be necessary to give strategic direction to the Commission, “you [the president] should therefore be ready to fight for ideas and take risks” (JPF-AS). The Memos suggest that the EU will need to assert a position on commonly agreed rules, propose new solutions and, importantly, has an opportunity now to redefine the European narrative in the global arena. Focusing on the most important economic questions at EU level, the Bruegel memos are intended to be strategic, outlining the state of affairs that will be met by the new Commission and the key challenges and priorities they will need to consider over the next five years.
Sapir, André.
2009-08
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/11496/1/comm_memos_082009.pdf
Darvas, Zsolt and Pisani-Ferry, Jean and Röller, Lars-Hendrik and Santos, Indhira and Sapir, André and van Pottelsberghe, Bruno and Véron, Nicholas and Veugelers, Reinhilde and von Hagen, Jürgen and von Weizsäcker, Jakob. (2009) Memos to the new Commission- Europe's economic priorities 2010-2015. Bruegel Blueprint Series No. (10?), 27 August 2009. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/11496/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:11604
2011-02-15T23:15:34Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303234
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303132
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D46:46303132
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
The Vaxholm Case of Swedish 'Social Dumping' - The ECJ does its job. CEPS Commentaries, 11 January 2008
Riley, Alan.
labour/labor
Latvia
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
general
Sweden
European Court of Justice/Court of First Instance
The December 2007 ruling by the ECJ in the 'Vaxholm' case in Sweden has been roundly condemned by European trade unionists for condoning 'social dumping' and by free-market eurosceptics for allowing socialism to return by the back door. Neither interpretation is correct, according to Professor Alan Riley, of City University, London, and Associate Research Fellow at CEPS. In his view, the Court's decision strives to permit the free movement of labour and services while maintaining the social norms of the host state.
2008-01
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/11604/1/1582[1].pdf
Riley, Alan. (2008) The Vaxholm Case of Swedish 'Social Dumping' - The ECJ does its job. CEPS Commentaries, 11 January 2008. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/11604/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:11616
2011-02-15T23:15:39Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F7067646D706D
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303339:74706A6861706A63636D696D6D6967726174696F6E706F6C696379
74797065733D706F6C6963797061706572
A New Approach to Policy Coordination in the EU. CEPS Commentaries, 6 March 2007
Gros, Daniel
Micossi, Stefano.
immigration policy
labour/labor
decision making/policy-making
In this Commentary, CEPS Director Daniel Gros and Stefano Micossi, Director General of Assonime, hold up policy coordination at the EU level as an effective remedy for handling the negative spillover effects resulting from uncoordinated policies in the critical areas of labour market reform and immigration. By concentrating on appropriate policies to sustain the integration process while at the same preserving the European social model, they argue that the European Council would again become a relevant policy forum where the real needs and hopes of EUcitizens could find effective responses.
2007-03
Policy Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/11616/1/1473[1].pdf
Gros, Daniel and Micossi, Stefano. (2007) A New Approach to Policy Coordination in the EU. CEPS Commentaries, 6 March 2007. [Policy Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/11616/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:11701
2011-02-15T23:16:13Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:6566617472616465706F6C696379
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:676C6F62616C69736174696F6E676C6F62616C697A6174696F6E
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F706768646F63
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Trends in Disaggregated Import and Export Prices in Europe: Implications for the Trade and Wages Debate. CEPS Working Document No. 141, March 2000
Brenton, Paul
Pinna, Anna Maria.
historical development of EC (pre-1986)
labour/labor
globalisation/globalization
trade policy
We consider more carefully the evidence from traded prices (as proxied by unit values) concerning the transmission of the effects of globalisation to domestic labour markets. Using standard index number techniques we decompose changes in sectoral import and export unit values into movements due to changes in pure prices of the initial bundle of goods and changes due to upgrading of the bundle imported. Looking at the imports of selected European countries of textiles, clothing and footwear relative to engineering products we find evidence of strongly falling pure prices of the unskilled intensive products relative to the skilled products in the 1980s. This reinforces the view that import prices capture the impact of globalisation in terms of adverse relative price movements for products produced with the intensive use of unskilled labour. However, the trends are not common across all the unskilled sectors; footwear is clearly an exception. In the absence of detailed domestic data, we look for reactions by domestic firms to increased import competition in movements in the price and composition of exports. We find evidence of stiff price competition from imports being associated with similar movements in export prices and no support for the view that import competition from low-wage countries has led to upgrading of the quality of exports.
2000-02
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/11701/1/51.pdf
Brenton, Paul and Pinna, Anna Maria. (2000) Trends in Disaggregated Import and Export Prices in Europe: Implications for the Trade and Wages Debate. CEPS Working Document No. 141, March 2000. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/11701/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:12372
2011-02-15T23:20:15Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303239
7375626A656374733D46:46303133
7375626A656374733D46:46303038
7375626A656374733D46:46303034
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C6166666169727362706561
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D46:46303138
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D46:46303137
7375626A656374733D46:46303039
7375626A656374733D46:46303032
7375626A656374733D46:46303130
7375626A656374733D46:46303232
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
The margins of labour costs adjustment: Survey evidence from European firms. National Bank of Belgium Working Paper No. 183, November 2009
Babecky, Jan
Du Caju, Philip
Kosma, Theodora
Lawless, Martina
Messina, Julian
Room, Tairi.
Ireland
Belgium
Italy
Estonia
Lithuania
Slovenia
France
Greece
Poland
Hungary
Portugal
labour/labor
Czech Republic
business/private economic activity
Firms have multiple options at the time of adjusting their wage bills. However, previous literature has mainly focused on base wages. We broaden the analysis beyond downward rigidity in base wages by investigating the use of other margins of labour cost adjustment at the firm level. Using data from a unique survey, we find that firms make frequent use of other, more flexible, components of compensation to adjust the cost of labour. Changes in bonuses and non-pay benefits are some of the potential margins firms use to reduce costs. We also show how the margins of adjustment chosen are affected by firm and worker characteristics.
2009-11
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/12372/1/wp183En.pdf
Babecky, Jan and Du Caju, Philip and Kosma, Theodora and Lawless, Martina and Messina, Julian and Room, Tairi. (2009) The margins of labour costs adjustment: Survey evidence from European firms. National Bank of Belgium Working Paper No. 183, November 2009. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/12372/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:12373
2011-02-15T23:20:15Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Downward nominal and real wage rigidity: Survey evidence from European firms. National Bank of Belgium Working Paper No. 182, November 2009
Babecky, Jan
Du Caju, Philip
Kosma, Theodora
Lawless, Martina
Messina, Julian
Room, Tairi
labour/labor
It has been well established that the wages of individual workers react little, especially downwards, to shocks that hit their employer. This paper presents new evidence from a unique survey of firms across Europe on the prevalence of downward wage rigidity in both real and nominal terms. We analyse which firm-level and institutional factors are associated with wage rigidity. Our results indicate that it is related to workforce composition at the establishment level in a manner that is consistent with related theoretical models (e.g. efficiency wage theory, insider-outsider theory). We also find that wage rigidity depends on the labour market institutional environment. Collective bargaining coverage is positively related with downward real wage rigidity, measured on the basis of wage indexation. Downward nominal wage rigidity is positively associated with the extent of permanent contracts and this effect is stronger in countries with stricter employment protection regulations.
2009-11
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/12373/1/wp182En.pdf
Babecky, Jan and Du Caju, Philip and Kosma, Theodora and Lawless, Martina and Messina, Julian and Room, Tairi (2009) Downward nominal and real wage rigidity: Survey evidence from European firms. National Bank of Belgium Working Paper No. 182, November 2009. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/12373/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:13684
2011-02-15T23:28:34Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273636F6D706E6174696D70
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Norme imperative nazionali ed europee: le finalità del diritto del lavoro. = Mandatory rules of national and European level: the purpose of labor law. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 44/2006
Sciarra, Silvana.
labour/labor
compliance/national implementation
No abstract.
2006
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/13684/1/sciarra_n44%2D2006int.pdf
Sciarra, Silvana. (2006) Norme imperative nazionali ed europee: le finalità del diritto del lavoro. = Mandatory rules of national and European level: the purpose of labor law. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 44/2006. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/13684/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:13686
2011-02-15T23:28:35Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273636F6D706E6174696D70
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Il primo dei diritti sociali. Riflessioni sul diritto al lavoro tra Costituzione italiana e ordinamento europeo. = Fundamental social rights. Reflections on the right to work in the Italian Constitution and European order. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 46/2006
Giubboni, Stefano.
labour/labor
Italy
compliance/national implementation
No abstract.
2006
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/13686/1/giubboni_n46%2D2006int.pdf
Giubboni, Stefano. (2006) Il primo dei diritti sociali. Riflessioni sul diritto al lavoro tra Costituzione italiana e ordinamento europeo. = Fundamental social rights. Reflections on the right to work in the Italian Constitution and European order. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 46/2006. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/13686/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:13687
2011-02-15T23:28:35Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D696E647573747269616C6C61626F757272656C6174696F6E73
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Una sfida determinante per il futuro dei diritti sociali in Europa: la tutela dei lavoratori di fronte alla libertà di prestazione dei servizi nella CE. = A crucial challenge for the future of Social Rights in Europe: the protection of workers in front of the freedom to provide services in EC. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 49/2006
Carabelli, Umberto.
labour/labor
general
industrial/labour relations
No abstract.
2006
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/13687/1/carabelli_n49%2D2006int.pdf
Carabelli, Umberto. (2006) Una sfida determinante per il futuro dei diritti sociali in Europa: la tutela dei lavoratori di fronte alla libertà di prestazione dei servizi nella CE. = A crucial challenge for the future of Social Rights in Europe: the protection of workers in front of the freedom to provide services in EC. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 49/2006. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/13687/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:13688
2011-02-15T23:28:36Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666676F7665726E616E6365
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:69646F7067:69646F7067646D706D
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303032:676C6F62616C69736174696F6E676C6F62616C697A6174696F6E
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666676F7665726E616E6365:70616666676F7665726E616E63657375626E6174696F6E616C726567696F6E616C2F7465727269746F7269616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273636F6D706E6174696D70
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Changes in the workplace and the dialogue of labor scholars in the "global village." WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 50/2007
Caruso, Bruno.
governance: EU & national level
labour/labor
Italy
globalisation/globalization
compliance/national implementation
subnational/regional/territorial
decision making/policy-making
This essay comprises three connected but conceptually separate parts. The first part, which is prevalently methodological in nature, contains as yet provisional reflections on the use of the tools of comparative analysis in labour law. This is a crucial issue that has to be reconsidered within the context of an era in which the territorial dimension of the regulation of labour relations no longer necessarily coincides with that of the nation state, and others become equally pertinent: the infranational, the European supranational and the global transnational dimensions. This was the guiding principle of the seminar from which the present paper originated. The second part focuses on the contents of the dialogue between labour law experts worldwide when faced with the radical changes in labour in the post-Fordist era. This transnational dialogue is an event which may be the prelude to the circulation of concepts and regulatory proposals, if not actual models, tending towards global governance of certain dynamics which are currently transforming labour. It is therefore assumed that the international labour law community cannot but accept responsibility for an open-minded interpretation of fundamental social rights, leading towards their global affirmation and effectiveness; an interpretation which, given its openness, must of necessity be of a comparative nature, not least by virtue of the many positive examples provided by high courts operating at a national, supranational and transnational level. This part will introduce a critique of certain cultural mindsets regarding the relationship between comparative legal analysis, national legal systems and market globalisation, attitudes which are not exhibited explicitly but, as often happens in dialogue between labour law scholars, come in the form of political and ideological pre-comprehension; attitudes frequently hovering in the background when specific issues are dealt with. The third and last part, which is closely connected with the previous one, presents a possible new cultural approach to some salient issues, chosen merely by way of example and treated in a general fashion: a) the problem of the relationship between territorial levels of regulation; b) the relationship between the weight and consistency of different regulatory sources (hard vs. soft law) and the related issues of governance. Reference to these issues confirms the increasingly axiological and normative, as compared with cultural and cognitive, function of comparative legal analysis in the era of globalisation. The analysis of these issues is mainly inspired by the constructive critical relativism of Michael Ost and Francois van de Kerchove. The approach is one of trying to imagine a possible way of avoiding certain dangerous epistemic traps that are widespread in current labour law analysis in Italy and elsewhere: the neo-liberal drift or a Third Way topdown approach, or again, the conservative, uncritical defence of tradition. An attempt will, however, be made not to lose sight of those legal principles that are an integral part of the labour law DNA and the values enshrined in the fundamental and constitutional social rights handed down by European "labour law" (legal) tradition.
2007
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/13688/1/caruso_n50%2D2007int.pdf
Caruso, Bruno. (2007) Changes in the workplace and the dialogue of labor scholars in the "global village." WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 50/2007. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/13688/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:13690
2011-02-15T23:28:36Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303035:44303035303132
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D656D706C6F796D656E74756E656D706C6F796D656E74
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Il lavoro a tempo determinato nella giurisprudenza della Corte di giustizia europea. Un tassello nella ‘modernizzazione’ del diritto del lavoro. = Fixed-term employment and the European Court of Justice. A piece in the 'modernization' of labor law. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 52/2007
Sciarra, Silvana.
labour/labor
employment/unemployment
European Court of Justice/Court of First Instance
No abstract.
2007
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/13690/1/sciarra_n52%2D2007int.pdf
Sciarra, Silvana. (2007) Il lavoro a tempo determinato nella giurisprudenza della Corte di giustizia europea. Un tassello nella ‘modernizzazione’ del diritto del lavoro. = Fixed-term employment and the European Court of Justice. A piece in the 'modernization' of labor law. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 52/2007. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/13690/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:13691
2011-02-15T23:28:37Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:70616666676F7665726E616E6365:70616666676F7665726E616E63657375626E6174696F6E616C726567696F6E616C2F7465727269746F7269616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273636F6D706E6174696D70
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
The Transposition of EU Antidiscrimination Legislation into German Labour Law. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 53/2007
Fuchs, Maximilian.
labour/labor
Germany
compliance/national implementation
subnational/regional/territorial
Before I get down to the main focus of my topic, the transposition of European anti-discrimination directives into German labour law I would like to give a short overview of the legal situation that existed before the German legislator transposed the directives. There are two reasons for this. Firstly, we will be able to retrace the extent to which the German legislator had been in a position to make an effective contribution to combating discrimination before Art. 13 was included in the EC Treaty by the Treaty of Amsterdam, which was the basis for then enacting the antidiscrimination directive. Secondly, even after the enactment of this directive it was generally believed in Germany that no transposition was in fact necessary as its essential elements were already anchored in German law….As you probably know, Germany has missed nearly every deadline provided for in the European directives combating discrimination. And it was only in August 2006 that Germany discharged its duties under European law. In the following I shall present the various attempts made in my country to transpose the directives and to show the difficulties and hurdles which could not be overcome. It is a story of the clashes between different legal orders, the European legal order and the domestic German legal order, clashes I would say, between different legal mentalities.
2007
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/13691/1/fuchs_n53%2D2007int.pdf
Fuchs, Maximilian. (2007) The Transposition of EU Antidiscrimination Legislation into German Labour Law. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 53/2007. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/13691/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:13693
2011-02-15T23:28:37Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303335:737067656E6572616C
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:65636F6E6F6D696366696E616E6369616C61666661697273:65666153696E676C654D61726B6574:65666153696E676C654D61726B65746361706974616C676F6F64737365727669636573
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Europa dei mercati e promozione dei diritti = Europe markets and promoting rights. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 55/2007
Vittoria Ballestrero, Maria.
labour/labor
Italy
capital, goods, services, workers
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
general
No abstract.
2007
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/13693/1/ballestrero_n54%2D2007int.pdf
Vittoria Ballestrero, Maria. (2007) Europa dei mercati e promozione dei diritti = Europe markets and promoting rights. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 55/2007. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/13693/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:13694
2011-02-15T23:28:38Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:46303036
7375626A656374733D46:46303234
7375626A656374733D46:46303236
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D46:46303131
7375626A656374733D46:46303233
7375626A656374733D46:46303037
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D696E647573747269616C6C61626F757272656C6174696F6E73
7375626A656374733D46:46303135
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Flexibility and Security in Temporary Work: A Comparative and European Debate. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 56/200
Laulom, Sylvaine
Vigneau, Christophe
Fuchs, Maximilian
Caruso, Bruno
Zappala, Loredana
Houwing, Hester
Verhulp, Evert
Visser, Jelle
Valdes Dal-Re, Fernando
Lahera Forteza, Jesus
Engblom, Samuel
Barnard, Catherine
Deakin, Simon.
U.K.
labour/labor
Italy
France
Spain
Netherlands
Germany
industrial/labour relations
Sweden
Preface. ....The University of Florence acted as the coordinator of a research project called 'La dimensione europea ed internazionale del diritto del lavoro: un laboratorio fiorentino di ricerca', launched by Professor Silvana Sciarra in collaboration with the Universities of Boston, Cambridge, Catania, Eichstatt Ingolstadt, EUI, Lyon II, Madrid Complutense, and Venezia....To date, it has given rise to several international collaborations. One of the sub-headings of the project dealt with labour market reforms in Member States of the EU, linked with the European employment strategy. Following a workshop held at the Law Faculty of the University of Cambridge on 16 and 17 March 2007 entitled 'Flexibility and Security in Temporary Work - A Comparative and European Debate', the topic selected by some members of the research group as a case study was 'Fixed Term Contracts'. The papers contained in this document reflect the approach adopted during the workshop. They focus on certain common legal features of fixed term contracts, but also rely on statistical figures where relevant. A 'model paper' was circulated in order to acquire homogeneous information from all of the countries involved in this project. The publication on-line of what should be considered as 'work in progress' is meant to stimulate comments and attract interest on a topic which is very central in current European discussions and will constitute the basis of a second stage of future research.
Caruso, Bruno
Sciarra, Silvana.
2007
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/13694/1/caruso_sciarra_n56%2D2007int.pdf
Laulom, Sylvaine and Vigneau, Christophe and Fuchs, Maximilian and Caruso, Bruno and Zappala, Loredana and Houwing, Hester and Verhulp, Evert and Visser, Jelle and Valdes Dal-Re, Fernando and Lahera Forteza, Jesus and Engblom, Samuel and Barnard, Catherine and Deakin, Simon. (2007) Flexibility and Security in Temporary Work: A Comparative and European Debate. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 56/200. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/13694/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:13695
2011-02-15T23:28:38Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:706166667075626C69636F70696E696F6E
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D696E647573747269616C6C61626F757272656C6174696F6E73
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:706F6C69746963616C6166666169727331323334:7061666664656D6F637261637964656D6F63726174696364656669636974
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Prove di democrazia in Europa: la Flessicurezza nel lessico ufficiale e nella pubblica opinione europea = Evidence of democracy in Europe: Flexicurity in the official language and in European public opinion. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 59/2008
Caruso, Bruno
Massimiani, Clemente.
democracy/democratic deficit
labour/labor
public opinion
industrial/labour relations
No abstract.
2007
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/13695/1/caruso_massimiani_n59%2D2008int.pdf
Caruso, Bruno and Massimiani, Clemente. (2007) Prove di democrazia in Europa: la Flessicurezza nel lessico ufficiale e nella pubblica opinione europea = Evidence of democracy in Europe: Flexicurity in the official language and in European public opinion. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 59/2008. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/13695/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:13696
2011-02-15T23:28:39Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:44303033:44303033436861727465726F6646756E64616D656E74616C526967687473
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273636F6D706E6174696D70
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Il diritto al lavoro fra Costituzione nazionale e Carte europee dei diritti: un diritto "aperto" e "multilivello" = The right to work between the national constitution and the European Charter of rights: a right "open" and "multilevel." WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 60/2008
Alaimo, Anna.
labour/labor
Charter of Fundamental Rights
compliance/national implementation
No abstract.
2008
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/13696/1/alaimo_n60%2D2008int.pdf
Alaimo, Anna. (2008) Il diritto al lavoro fra Costituzione nazionale e Carte europee dei diritti: un diritto "aperto" e "multilivello" = The right to work between the national constitution and the European Charter of rights: a right "open" and "multilevel." WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 60/2008. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/13696/
oai:aei.pitt.edu:13700
2011-02-15T23:28:40Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:494C4F
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:443030316C61776C6567616C61666661697273
7375626A656374733D44:44303031:44303031303138:656C6D696E647573747269616C6C61626F757272656C6174696F6E73
74797065733D776F726B696E677061706572
Flexicurity and Decent Work in Europe: can they co-exist? WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 65/2008
Massimiani, Clemente.
ILO
labour/labor
law & legal affairs-general (includes international law)
industrial/labour relations
This contribution sets out to analyse the relationship between two notions of particular relevance in current debates on international and European labour law: decent work and flexicurity. The first has been the cornerstone of the International Labour Organization’s programme for the last decade. The second is a political formula which has recently come to the forefront of European policy, based on a balance between flexibility and security in the labour market.
2008
Working Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
http://aei.pitt.edu/13700/1/massimiani_n65%2D2008int.pdf
Massimiani, Clemente. (2008) Flexicurity and Decent Work in Europe: can they co-exist? WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 65/2008. [Working Paper]
http://aei.pitt.edu/13700/metadataPrefix%3Doai_dc%26offset%3D13701%26set%3D7375626A656374733D44%253A44303031%253A44303031303138%253A656C6D6C61626F75726C61626F72